What Was There Before the Big Bang? A Singularity

What Was There Before the Big Bang? A Singularity

What was there before the Big Bang? Did the universe just spring up into existence from nothing? While we can’t possibly be 100% sure, we do have an informed guess about the pre-Big-Bang state of affairs of the universe. We know that the universe today obeys concrete scientific laws, so it stands to reason that it had done so before the Big Bang. Here is out best guess at what happened before the Big Bang.

Why Is Healthcare So Expensive in the U.S.?

Why Is Healthcare So Expensive in the U.S.?

Why is healthcare so expensive in the U.S. compared to other countries? Why do American doctors make so much money? There are several reasons why healthcare costs in America are so exorbitantly high. Medical school fees are only part of the problem—the most salient reason is that U.S. healthcare prices are determined by market forces. In most other countries, healthcare is at least partially under the control of the government. To understand how this state of affairs has come to be, we need to go back to the middle of the 20th century.

Simon Sinek: A Just Cause Fuels Your Business

Simon Sinek: A Just Cause Fuels Your Business

Does your company have a Just Cause? What is the larger need—beyond the immediate provision of the product—that your business aims to fulfil? A Just Cause outlines the reason you are in business beyond the provision of any one specific product or service. It provides a context for all the decisions you’ll make and inspires people to work hard and make sacrifices because they believe in the cause.  In this article, we will take a look at the characteristics of a Just Cause and how a Just Cause looks like in real-world business.

Ryan Holiday’s Perennial Seller—Book Overview

Ryan Holiday’s Perennial Seller—Book Overview

Is Ryan Holiday’s Perennial Seller worth reading? How do you create a product that will provide value and bring profit for many years to come? Ryan Holiday’s Perennial Seller is light on how to actually create a new product. Unlike other “thought leaders” and experts who are focused on shortcuts to success (social media marketing, raising capital, hacking bestseller lists), Holiday comes at it from a different angle—creating something that will stand the test of time. Below is a brief overview of Perennial Seller: The Art of Making and Marketing Work That Lasts by Ryan Holiday.

The Quest for a Unified Theory of Everything

The Quest for a Unified Theory of Everything

What is the unified theory of everything? Is it possible to come up with both a correct and coherent explanation of all universal phenomena? A unified theory of everything is the ultimate theoretical framework that fully and coherently explains all universal phenomena. This is extraordinarily difficult and likely impossible, but humanity’s quest to achieve the ultimate understanding of the universe means we’ll keep trying. Keep reading to learn about the unified theory of everything.

Cooperative Conflict Resolution: Avoid These 4 Biases

Cooperative Conflict Resolution: Avoid These 4 Biases

What causes conflict? What is the role of cooperation in conflict resolution? According to the Arbinger Institute, conflict arises when one or both of the parties harbor one or more of the four biases: 1) the superiority bias, 2) the entitlement bias, 3) the performative bias, and 4) the inferiority bias. Cooperative conflict resolution is only possible when both parties recognize they are biased and are willing to work through their biases. In this article, we’ll explore how to recognize when we’re biased, how to remove that bias, and how to cultivate a cooperative mindset.

Living Like a Stoic: Logos, Nature, and Reason

Living Like a Stoic: Logos, Nature, and Reason

What is logos in Stoicism? What does it mean to live according to the logos principle? Stoics believed that to live a good life, one must live according to logos. Following the Stoic logos means accepting that every occurrence is the right one, as surely as if someone had measured every outcome and chosen the best possibility. Keep reading to learn about the Stoic concept of logos and how you can put it into practice in your own life.

3 Ways to Cope With Work-Related Anxiety

The 25 Cognitive Biases: Doubt Avoidance Tendency

Do you suffer from work-related anxiety? What exact aspects of your job provoke anxious feelings? Work-related anxiety is a common problem—to-do lists become overwhelming, dead-end jobs feel frustrating, and competition breeds insecurity. Finding a way to enjoy your work can reduce your boredom and worry and increase your energy.  Here are three actionable ways to get a handle on your work worries.

A Worthy Rival: Learn From the Competition

A Worthy Rival: Learn From the Competition

Do you have a rival whom you admire in some way? Is there a company that does at least one thing better than you do? How can you apply lessons from them to your own business? In his book The Infinite Game, Simon Sinek emphasizes the importance of learning from your “worthy rivals.” A worthy rival is a competitor who is better than you at certain things, and who can therefore reveal to you ways you can improve, enabling you to better survive in the infinite game. Here is how a worthy rival can inspire you to get better at

The Hot Big Bang Theory: Everything It Overlooks

The Hot Big Bang Theory: Everything It Overlooks

What is the Hot Big Bang Theory? What does the Hot Big Bang model tell us about the initial state of the universe? According to the Hot Big Bang Theory, the post-Big-Bang universe was extremely hot (hence the name). Because of that, particles were moving too quickly to coalesce together and form the building blocks of matter. The Hot Big Bang Theory explains a lot about the observable universe, but not everything. Here are some things it doesn’t account for.