Elizabeth Whitworth

Senior SEO Writer

Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books—and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible truly says about death and hell.

Expertise

History, Theology, Government

Awards

Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI), Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA), Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA), Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)

Scientific Skepticism: 10 Doubt-Mongering Tactics

How do people deliberately cultivate unhealthy, scientific skepticism? How do they create debate when an issue is already settled? In Merchants of Doubt, historians Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway look at some of the techniques that are used to stir up scientific skepticism. These doubt-mongering tactics have been deployed in several important “debates” such as tobacco use, nuclear disarmament, acid rain, the ozone layer, climate change, and the pesticide DDT. Read on to learn how merchants of doubt sow seeds of detrimental scientific skepticism.

The Merchants of Doubt: Who Are They?

Who are the merchants of doubt? How do they impact public scientific knowledge? The first merchants of doubt on the scene were members of the tobacco industry. They fought to discredit the science behind policies that threatened their agenda. This was only the beginning of modern-day doubt-mongering. This story, and the stories that followed, are told by Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway in their book Merchants of Doubt. Read on to learn who the merchants of doubt are.

Peer Review in Science: The 3 Steps to Consensus

How does peer review in science work? How does the scientific community reach a consensus? Peer review in science is based on principles established during the Scientific Revolution. The process, comprising of three steps, is the test that a scientific claim must pass in order to be considered legitimate. Read more to learn about peer review in science.

The Role of Religion in Society: A Fascinating History

What is the role of religion in society? What function has it served throughout the ages? History tells us that religion is a constant. At times, it has provided personal comfort, social stability, and moral guidance. At other times, it has been used as a tool for abusive power. The role of religion in society provides a fascinating history. Read more to learn about the role of religion in society through the ages.

The Role of Economics in Society: What History Tells Us

What is the role of economics in society? How has it changed over time? Are there certain things that never change? Money is vital in shaping the direction of human history. In The Lessons of History, Will and Ariel Durant discuss the role of economics in society throughout history. They identify patterns that provide insights about the profit motive, wealth inequality and redistribution, and socialism. Read more to learn what history tells us about the role of economics in society.

Geography and History: How the Earth Shapes Us

What is the relationship between geography and history? How is civilization impacted by the physical structure of the earth? In The Lessons of History, eminent historians Will and Ariel Durant offer their perspectives on these interesting questions. They discuss geography and history, revealing a few lessons that historical patterns can teach us about the development of civilizations. Read more to learn about the relationship between geography and history.

How Science Works: The 3 Basic Aspects of Science

Do you understand how science works? Does it operate on proof or consensus? How does it handle uncertainty? Science impacts all of us, so we would do well to understand how science works. It’s helpful to know the basics of the peer review process, how the scientific community deals with uncertainty, and what scientists mean when they use the word “cause.” Read more to learn the basics of how science works.

Monthly Investment Income: Reach Financial Freedom

Are you charting your monthly investment income? Have you projected your crossover point to know when you might reach financial freedom? Getting a handle on your monthly investment income and crossover point are key aspects of achieving financial independence. In this article, you’ll learn the two steps of charting your investment income and discover how to project your crossover point. Read more to get the details.

Race in Society: Was History Color-Blind?

What is the history of race in society? What role has race played in civilizations? In The Lessons of History, Will and Ariel Durant discuss race in society and how character shapes social change over time. They argue that history is color-blind—that civilization is not determined by race. They also discuss human nature and how inequality comes into play in society. Read more to learn a historical perspective on human nature and race in society.

Transforming Your Relationship With Money

Does your to-do list include transforming your relationship with money? Would you know where to start? In Your Money or Your Life, Vicki Robin and Joe Dominguez discuss how transforming your relationship with money can lead to financial independence. They outline four aspects of financial independence thinking, two speeds of application, and three styles of finance management. Read more to learn about transforming your relationship with money.