How to Avoid Motivated Reasoning: Tips From Leonard Mlodinow

A woman looking up with colorful fiery swirls around her head illustrates how to avoid motivated reasoning

Is your mind playing tricks on you without your awareness? Why do we cling to beliefs despite contradicting evidence? In Subliminal, Leonard Mlodinow reveals how our unconscious mind shapes our judgments before conscious analysis begins. He explains motivated reasoning—our tendency to process information in ways that support existing beliefs—and offers practical strategies to overcome this natural bias. Keep reading to discover how to avoid motivated reasoning and make more objective decisions in everyday life.

I Heard There Was a Secret Chord by Daniel J. Levitin: Overview

A woman reading a book in front of a fireplace while wearing headphones

What effects does music have on the brain? How can music be used as a form of medicine? In I Heard There Was a Secret Chord, award-winning neuroscientist and musician Daniel J. Levitin discusses music’s history and potential as a form of medicine. Drawing from scientific research, he demonstrates how music therapy can effectively treat conditions ranging from Parkinson’s to chronic pain. Continue reading for a fascinating deep dive into the neuroscience of music.

How to Be Insightful: Cultivating Ground for New Ideas to Sprout

A light bulb growing out of the ground illustrates how to be insightful

Can insights be cultivated through deliberate practice? What specific paths lead to those “aha” moments that change everything? In Seeing What Others Don’t, Gary Klein reveals that insights aren’t random strokes of genius but natural outcomes of staying curious and open-minded. He outlines distinct ways to become more insightful, sharing practical methods anyone can use to create conditions where insights flourish. Keep reading to discover how to be insightful through simple mindset shifts and systematic practices that will transform the way you solve problems and generate new ideas.

How to Interpret Data: 2 Ways to Understand & Explain It

A woman in silhouette, seen from behind, looking at data on screens illustrates how to interpret data effectively

What’s the best way to make sense of those spreadsheets filled with thousands of numbers? How can you understand data in a way that helps you explain it to others? In her book Storytelling With Data, Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic teaches readers how to interpret data by focusing on two essential skills. She offers practical techniques to transform complex information into clear, compelling visuals that anyone can understand. Keep reading to discover how these strategies can help you become more confident in analyzing and presenting data of any kind.

How to Achieve Balance in Life: 3 Skills for Good Productivity

A woman walking on a tightrope in the sky to achieve a balance in life

Do you want to know how to achieve balance in life? What types of breaks should you take to improve productivity? In Attention Span, Gloria Mark disputes the idea that constant productivity is a worthy goal. Instead, she advocates a balance between periods of deep concentration, more “mechanical” tasks, and breaks to let your mind recharge. Discover the three skills that you should practice to achieve balance: self-awareness, planning your time, and self-moderation. 

How to Use Your Unconscious Mind: 5 Practical Tips + Exercise

A woman smiling and pointing toward her head with both hands illustrates how to use your unconscious mind

What hidden forces shape our decisions without our awareness? How can we harness the power of our unconscious mind rather than being controlled by it? Leonard Mlodinow reveals how our unconscious mind constantly processes information beneath our awareness. Learning how to use your unconscious mind effectively means recognizing gut feelings, questioning automatic judgments, and developing greater self-awareness of these hidden processes. Keep reading to discover practical strategies that will help you work with your unconscious mind rather than against it.

Music and Memory: How It Can Improve Cognitive Decline

An old record player on a table near a window because music is good for memory decline

What effects can music have on those with cognitive decline? Why is music processed differently than other memories? According to Daniel J. Levitin in I Heard There Was a Secret Chord, music and memory are closely linked. This is because the brain processes music memories differently than typical memories. Here’s why music can be helpful for those with cognitive decline, such as dementia.

Julian Jaynes: The Origin of Consciousness (Overview)

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Have you ever wondered why humans naturally gravitate toward religious beliefs? What if our modern way of cognition and experience emerged only a few thousand years ago? Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind proposes that consciousness as we know it today didn’t always exist. Jaynes suggests humans once operated with a “bicameral mind,” where one part of the mind issued commands that the other part followed. Keep reading to discover how Jaynes’s controversial theory might explain religious tendencies, sudden civilization development, and even our struggles with decision-making.

Examples of Insights: How Some People Saw What Others Didn’t

A cartoon depiction of Isaac Newton under the apple tree illustrates examples of insights

What patterns do breakthrough thinkers notice that others miss? How do some people make connections that revolutionize entire fields of knowledge? In his book, Seeing What Others Don’t, Gary Klein explores what causes breakthroughs in thinking. His research reveals fascinating examples of insights in science, medicine, engineering, architecture, literature, and more. Keep reading to discover how these examples of insight demonstrate what sets breakthrough thinking apart.