Shortform Books

Centralized Government Does More Harm Than Good

What are the disadvantages of centralized government? Why does concentrating power in one central authority do more harm than good? In his book Skin in the Game, Nassim Taleb argues that centralization of power is not just suboptimal, but damaging to human societies. Large governments manage such large, complex systems that their intervention and attempts at restructuring are far more likely to be harmful than beneficial. In this article, we’ll explore Taleb’s argument against centralized government.

The Rise of Colonial Nationalism

How did the British colonies find their own sense of nationalism after being colonized? How did Western-style nationalism spread to the East? The term “colonial nationalism” refers to the fight for independence and autonomy in many nations that were colonized by Europeans. Ironically, it was actually the European colonization process that gave many nations the tools to fight back against the Europeans and develop their own sense of nationalism. Continue reading to learn how nationalism spread around the world after the spread of European colonization.

The Optimism Bias: Curb Your Expectations

The 25 Cognitive Biases: The Optimism Bias

What is the optimism bias? How do you curb unrealistic optimism? The optimism bias is the tendency to believe that you are less likely to have a negative experience and be overconfident in your chances of experiencing positive events. It is this cognitive bias that fuels gambling. You can control the tendency by habitually using probability maths in your decision-making process. Read on to learn more about the optimism bias.

Leading Change: Quotes by John P. Kotter

What does John Kotter have to say about his 8-step model for change? What are some of the most noteworthy passages worth revisiting from Leading Change? In Leading Change, John P. Kotter argues that in a fully globalized and ever-evolving economic environment, successful firms are those that can implement long-term change. This enables them to stay competitive in a rapidly shifting market, respond effectively to new threats, and take advantage of new opportunities. Below is a selection of Leading Change quotes with explanations.

Gretchen Rubin’s Four Tendencies: Communication Tips

What is the preferred communication method of each of the four tendencies? How do you determine which of the four tendencies a person belongs to? In her book The Four Tendencies, Rubin provides some tips on how to effectively communicate with each of the four tendencies (upholder, obliger, questioner, and rebel). She gives advice on things to say that will satisfy all four tendencies and shares questions you can ask someone to determine what tendency they belong to. Keep reading to learn about Gretchen Rubin’s The Four Tendencies framework and how to communicate with each tendency.

How to Measure Business Performance: KPIs & OKRs

How do you measure business performance? Do you have a system to make sure your growth is on track? Progress matters, no matter what your organization does or how big it is. Key performance indicators (KPSs) and objectives and key results (OKRs) are two common ways to measure business performance. In fact, they can be used in tandem. Keep reading to learn about these two methods of measuring business performance.

Understanding the Conscious and Subconscious Minds

What is the difference between the conscious and the subconscious mind? How much of the brain activity takes place in your subconscious? How do the conscious and the subconscious minds interact? Your mind is made up of two parts: the conscious mind and the subconscious mind. Over 90% of your brain’s activity takes place in your subconscious mind—it’s a reservoir of thoughts, feelings, and memories that lies beneath your conscious awareness. Your conscious mind contains all of the thoughts and feelings that you’re aware of at any given moment. In this article, we’ll explore each part individually and how they

Nassim Taleb: What Drives Virtuous Behavior?

What drives virtuous behavior? How can readiness to take risks reflect one’s ability to do good deeds for others? According to Nassim Taleb, having your skin in the game (the willingness to take risks and make sacrifices) is a necessary ingredient in any good deed imaginable. Without skin in the game, virtuous behavior that appears honorable on the surface is, at best, cheapened and ineffective, and at worst, inauthentic and malicious. In both cases, Taleb argues that the risks of skin in the game prove that you are what you claim to be. In this article, we’ll explore Taleb’s notion

Why Does Inequality Exist in the World?

Why does inequality exist? Do you think some economic equality is healthy for the world? Economic inequality is a sad reality of life. Interestingly, however, people around the world think that some economic inequality is good—although they want far less than there currently is. In this article, we’ll discuss why most people don’t want total equality. We’ll also discuss some hypothetical opinions as to what level of inequality would be ideal.

Apotheosis—The Hero’s Journey Leads to Nirvana

What is apotheosis in the hero’s journey? How do cultures typically depict this stage of enlightenment? The apotheosis stage of the hero’s journey is when the hero conquers his fears and the bounds of consciousness to reach a divine state. Ancient cultures often depict this figure of ultimate enlightenment in both male and female forms. For example, ancient Chinese lore embodies both masculine Yang and feminine Yin. Read on to learn more about the Apotheosis stage of the hero’s journey.