Psychology Archives

Social Loafing: Definition and Psychology

What is social loafing? Why do people tend to lessen their effort when added to a group? Social loading is a psychosocial phenomenon whereby individuals put less effort in when they become part of a group. According to Rolf Dobelli, the author of The Art of Thinking Clearly, social loafing is a feature of groups, not a drawback: Early humans formed groups because the responsibility for survival was spread out rather than concentrated on each individual. Keep reading for the social loafing definition, how it forms, and how to prevent it.

The 7 Different Types of Psychological Mind Games

Why do people play mind games? How can you tell that someone is playing a mind game on you? In his 1964 classic Games People Play, Dr. Eric Berne theorizes that playing mind games is a part of psychological development that all people must grow past. He divided the mind games into seven different categories: 1) pseudo-small talk, 2) couples games, 3) sex games, 4) career games, 5) criminal games, 6) therapy games, and 7) positive games. Let’s take a look at Berne’s categories of psychological mind games people play on each other.

The Zeigarnik Effect: The Psychology of Memory

What is the Zeigarnik effect? Why do we tend to forget projects we are done with? In psychology, the Zeigarnik effect is the tendency to recall unfinished or interrupted tasks more easily than tasks that haven’t yet been completed. According to Rolf Dobelli, the author of The Art of Thinking Clearly, the brain does this for efficiency—once the task is complete, it deems it unimportant and discards it to free up mental space. Keep reading to learn about the Zeigarnik effect, why it happens, and how to overcome it.

The Endowment Effect: What It Is and Why It Happens

You can heal with love. Discover how the love you feel in your heart can improve your physical health and help you overcome illness.

What is the endowment effect? Why does it occur? The endowment effect is the tendency to assign a higher value to an item because it belongs to you. The endowment effect stems from loss aversion. Once something is in your possession, you fear losing it, which makes you value the item more. Keep reading to learn about the psychology behind the endowment effect.

The Dangers of the Sample Selection Bias

What is self-selection bias? How does self-selection bias influence research findings? Sample selection bias is a common issue in psychological studies that involve statistical analysis. Specifically, people only join studies they’re comfortable responding to, which alters your data. Those who might provide embarrassing or somehow “undesirable” responses simply won’t take part, narrowing your study’s scope and skewing the results. Here’s how sample selection bias skews research results and how to work around it.

How the Need to Belong Causes Logical Fallacies

Liking Bias: Why We Ignore Faults in People We Love

Why is group membership so important? Where does the human need to belong stem from? One of the evolutionary traits that most influences you is the desire to be in a group. For early humans, group membership was necessary for survival. Those who left the group died, while those who stuck to the status quo survived and reproduced. Thus, your brain is genetically wired to fit in. Although the human need to belong has evolutionary value, it causes some fallacies in the way we interpret other people’s behavior. Let’s explore some fallacies resulting from our need to belong.

The Art of Thinking Clearly: Review & Critical Reception

What is Rolf Dobelli’s The Art of Thinking Clearly about? What is the key message to take away from the book? In The Art of Thinking Clearly, Rolf Dobelli breaks down the most common logical fallacies that plague humanity. Logical fallacies affect everyone, are extremely difficult to avoid, and can hinder our decision-making ability. Dobelli encourages readers to improve their decisions by learning how to recognize these fallacies and how to work around them. Here’s our review of The Art of Thinking Clearly by Rolf Dobelli.

Signs of Emotional Manipulation & How to Stop It

How do you tell if someone is trying to emotionally manipulate you? What are the signs of emotional manipulation you should watch out for? In his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne explains how to identify when a mind game is being played on you. He provides three steps for spotting mind games and discusses how you can break that game. Here’s how to identify emotional manipulation, according to Berne.

Contrast Effect: The Psychology of Mental Shortcuts

What is the contrast effect? Why do people fall for the contrast effect? The contrast effect is a cognitive heuristic: It helps you make judgments faster while expending less energy. Your brain lessens energy usage whenever possible, and the contrast effect helps it conserve cognitive resources. Learn about the psychology of the contrast effect.

Exponential Growth: Meaning + Examples

What is exponential growth? What are some real-world examples of exponential growth? Exponential growth is a complex math concept that many people don’t instinctively understand. Yet, the idea is pretty simple: Exponential growth simply means that a number doubles at regular intervals. Let’s take a closer look at the meaning of exponential growth and a few examples.