Science Archives

The Arrows of Time Explained by Stephen Hawking

What are the arrows of time? How is the direction of time defined? You probably have an intuitive idea of what it means to move backwards versus forwards in time, but formally defining the direction of time is more difficult. Although various views on the direction of time exist, Stephen Hawking identifies three distinct arrows of time: thermodynamic, psychological, and cosmological. Read on to learn about the arrows of time from various perspectives.

What Makes a Good Theory? 3 Traits It Must Have

What makes a good theory? What are some things you should consider when evaluating a scientific theory? Not all scientific theories are created equal. In his book A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking outlines three characteristics of a good theory. A good theory is one that is testable, consistent with past observations, and able to predict future observations. Lets’ explore each one in turn.

The Inflationary Big Bang & the Fine-Tuning Problem

What is the inflationary big bang model? Does it solve the fine-tuning problem? The big bang theory implies that the universe’s initial conditions had to be “just right” in order for human life to be possible. Physicist Stephen Hawking concedes that this requirement points to a problem with the theory. He discusses the inflationary big bang model as one way to address the problem. Keep reading to learn about the inflationary big bang model.

A Brief History of Time Review & Critical Reception

Is A Brief History of Time worth reading? Are its concepts easy enough to grasp? A Brief History of Time is Stephen Hawking’s exposition of modern physics. The book answers questions about the nature of reality, predetermination of the future, the universe’s origins, black holes, and time travel. Hawking strives to make the answers to these big questions accessible to a general audience. Keep reading for our A Brief History of Time review.

The Brain on Autopilot: How It Impacts Productivity

How does the brain function on autopilot? Are there any advantages to being in autopilot mode? Productivity expert Chris Bailey explains that our brains operate on autopilot by default. Instead of choosing what to focus on in advance, we react to the external triggers that pique our interest. Keep reading to learn about the pros and cons of the brain’s autopilot mode.

A Brief History of Time: Book Synopsis in 5 Questions

How much do you know about the universe you live in? What big questions of science does the book A Brief History of Time answer? Thanks to scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, scientists have gained insight into many of nature’s secrets, from the origin of the universe to the nature of space and time. In his book A Brief History of Time, physicist Stephen Hawking explains these insights for a general audience. Keep reading for a quick synopsis of A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking.

5 Stephen Hawking Quotes From A Brief History of Time

What are some of the best quotes from A Brief History of Time? What’s the context behind them? Science has profound implications for philosophy and everyday life because science describes and predicts how the universe works. To make the discoveries and implications of modern science more accessible to everyone, renowned physicist Stephen Hawking described the principles of modern physics for a general audience in his book titled A Brief History of Time. Keep reading for Stephen Hawking’s quotes from A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.

Is Time Travel Theoretically Possible?

Can you build a time machine? Is time travel theoretically possible? Writers of science fiction have long contemplated the idea of a time machine: a device that allows you to travel forward or backward in time to any point in history or the future. Stephen Hawking asserts that this possibility will probably always be relegated to the realm of fiction, based on his analysis of relevant scientific theories. His analysis focuses on two possibilities: moving backwards through time directly, or passing through a “wormhole” in spacetime that connects the present to the past. Read more to learn about the concept

What Is the Singularity Theory in Physics?

What is the singularity theory? Why did Hawking come to question his theory of Big Bang singularity? Hawking’s mathematical proof that space and time had a beginning, according to general relativity, was what first propelled him to fame within the physics community. Later, reflecting on his own theoretical proof about the big bang singularity, Hawking came to believe that they imply the theory of general relativity is incomplete, not that the universe actually did begin at a singularity. Read more to learn about the singularity theory and why Hawking came to believe that it indicates a problem.

The Strong and Weak Anthropic Principles Explained

What are the strong and weak anthropic principles? Do they resolve the fine-tuning problem? Models for the big bang theory imply that the initial conditions of the universe would have had to be precisely right for habitable planets to form. Stephen Hawking argues that this need for fine-tuning indicates a problem with the big bang theory. He discusses anthropic principles in an effort to address the problem. Read more to learn about the anthropic principles.