

This article is an excerpt from the Shortform book guide to "Antifragile" by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Shortform has the world's best summaries and analyses of books you should be reading.
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What’s the turkey problem? How does this concept help explain antifragility?
The turkey problem is fairly simple. If a turkey is fed by a butcher regularly, the turkey comes to predict and expect this system to continue. It is dependent. But one day, it all changes and the turkey learns how vulnerable he is.
Read more about the turkey problem in Antifragile.
The Problem With Being a Turkey
Another perfect example of Extremistan is the life of a turkey raised by a butcher. The turkey spends months being fed and cared for every day, without fail. The turkey trusts, perhaps even loves, the butcher. Every day the turkey gets more confident that the butcher will keep feeding and caring for it forever; and it’s right, until the fateful day when it’s wrong.
The irony here is that the “system” falls apart right at the moment when the turkey is most confident in it. The same thing happens with large corporations, authoritarian governments, and even overprotected children—a child who lives in a bubble (literal or metaphorical) may be very confident in her own invulnerability, only to learn that she’s actually dreadfully vulnerable once that bubble is punctured.

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Here's what you'll find in our full Antifragile summary :
- How to be helped by unforeseen events rather than harmed by them
- Why you shouldn't get too comfortable or you'll miss out on the chance to become stronger
- Why you should keep as many options available to you as possible