Book SummaryWired to Create, by Scott Barry Kaufman and Carolyn Gregoire

1-Page Summary1-Page Book Summary of Wired to Create

Defining the creative person has been historically challenging because creative people are often walking contradictions—they’re introverted yet outgoing, focused yet easily distracted, and sensitive yet resilient. According to Scott Barry Kaufman and Carolyn Gregoire, this is because creativity isn’t a characteristic itself, but rather the effect of a collection of different characteristics.

Based on their research, Kaufman and Gregoire posit that creative people are ultimately defined by their deep connection to self, their curiosity and openness to both good and bad aspects of life, their unconventional and fantastical thinking, and their vigorous search for meaning. In Wired to Create, the authors argue that creatives possess 10 specific characteristics that encompass these traits and contribute to their heightened creativity. As a result, embracing these characteristics despite their contradictory nature will help you develop a deeper connection to yourself that...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 1: Childlike Imagination

According to the authors, the first characteristic that creative people share is a childlike imagination. This characteristic is defined by the desire to create something fun or enjoyable out of something typically mundane. In childhood, this characteristic is present whenever we play pretend—we pretend that a fallen tree in the forest is a kitchen counter and that pinecones and leaves are ingredients for a stew. Or, we make up a fantasy world and act out character roles with our friends.

In adulthood, this characteristic manifests when we explore our thoughts and experiences and use them to create something. The act of creation is “play” for the adult creative. For example, theorizing about something and sharing your theory is creative play—you use your childlike imagination to take something mundane and create something new. Channeling your experiences into a book, play, painting, and so on is also a form of creative play—you’re transforming your real life encounters into something new that you can share with others.

Fuel Your Childlike Imagination by Reconnecting to Your Inner Child

In The Artist’s Way,...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 2: Passion

The second characteristic that Kaufman and Gregoire say creatives share is passion. Passion is defined by a lasting, intense inner drive to achieve a particular thing. For creatives, passion is often a primary source of meaning in life and one of the driving factors behind their will to live.

(Shortform note: The original meaning of the term “passion” isn’t as lighthearted and motivating as the modern definition the authors use. “Passion” stems from the latin term for “suffering” or “enduring.” Whereas today, passion refers to a love or dedication that moves you to action, passion was originally used to describe the willingness of someone, like a martyr, to suffer for what they loved. For example, the act of Jesus sacrificing himself for the sins of his people was described as “Christ’s passion.”)

According to the authors, there are two phases of passion. First is the crystallizing experience—this is when the creative first encounters their area of passion and has the revelation that this is something they’re compelled to pursue. Second is the refining experience where the creative uncovers their specific niche within...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 3: Daydreaming

The third characteristic that Kaufman and Gregoire say creative people share is the habit of daydreaming. Daydreaming is when you explore your thoughts and let your mind wander as opposed to consciously directing your attention to one particular thing. Daydreaming may take the form of fantasizing about certain scenarios, exploring memories, imagining the future, contemplating certain experiences or emotions, and so on.

The authors explain that daydreaming is critical for creativity because it gives our task-focused mind (the one used in flow) a break and allows us to process the experiences and information we’ve gathered. The enhanced understanding about our lives and ourselves that we gain during this processing state allows us to come up with unique ideas and insights that we share through creative expression.

(Shortform note: While the authors say daydreaming gives our brains a break, Gawdat asserts in _[That Little Voice In Your...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 4: Mindfulness

The fourth characteristic the authors say creatives share is mindfulness. The authors define mindfulness as the ability to pay attention to the finer details of life in both your outer and inner world—for example, noticing the bumps and ridges on a tree’s bark or the way you feel when you watch a certain part of a movie.

The authors explain that the combination of daydreaming and mindfulness seems contradictory but is the perfect formula for creativity. Daydreaming allows your mind to think about and notice many different things, and mindfulness allows you to hone your focus and elicit meaning from things you find particularly impactful. The combination of these two characteristics is the formula for finding meaning in life and developing insights into the human experience—the two main drives that encourage creative people to create.

The Neuroscience Behind Creativity

In A Mind for Numbers, Barbara Oakley explains why switching between daydreaming and mindfulness is key to problem-solving and creativity.

When we’re being mindful—what Oakely refers to as using the focused mode of thinking—[our...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 5: Solitude

The fifth characteristic that the authors say artists share is the desire for solitude. The lonely artist trope has existed for centuries, and the authors explain that there’s a good reason for this: Creativity stems from an intimate understanding of one’s self and humanity, and these discoveries are the product of deep reflection, which requires solitude.

In solitude, people are granted the time and peace needed to fully explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences, and to contemplate things they wouldn’t normally think about. This deep contemplation is the catalyst for meaningful epiphanies about yourself and the world—the tissue of creative work. Distractions in the outside world often prevent this intense inner focus, which is why solitude is crucial for creativity.

(Shortform note: Researchers reiterate the necessity of solitude for...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 6: Intuition

According to the authors, the sixth characteristic creatives share is strong intuition. Intuition is an inner feeling you have that urges you to do something or change your frame of mind. For example, intuition can be an intense emotion, the urge to explore something, a sense of knowing something you can’t prove, and so on. The authors explain that intuition, or gut instinct, is often a catalyst for creative insights. Many creative people believe that their intuition, and consequently their creative insights, come from some higher power.

(Shortform note: In Big Magic, Elizabeth Gilbert argues that intuition is a method that a higher creative power uses to communicate ideas with us—she refers to this higher creative power as “Big Magic.” Further, Gilbert explains that the ideas we receive from Big Magic through our intuition are independent entities with their own will. Consequently, when one “visits” you, it’s your job to honor it by...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 7: Experiential Curiosity

The seventh characteristic that the authors say creatives share is experiential curiosity—the desire to learn about yourself and the world through new experiences. Experiential curiosity is one of the biggest driving factors of creativity because new experiences are often the foundations of creative work—creativity arises when we break our typical patterns. Further, people who seek new experiences and knowledge tend to be more driven to find and make meaning out of the world around them, and this meaning is the material of creative expression.

According to the authors, research has uncovered three common forms of experiential curiosity. The first form is the drive to find truth, solve problems, and explore ideas. The second form is the drive to understand human emotion, which is accompanied by the tendency to rely on intuition and emotion in decision-making. The third form is the drive to explore art and elements of unreality, and to have emotional experiences in doing so.

The Five Forms of Curiosity

Some researchers argue that there are five forms of curiosity as opposed to the authors’ three, and...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 8: Sensitivity

The eighth characteristic that the authors say creatives share is sensitivity. Sensitive people experience intense emotions and often are more in tune with and impacted by their surroundings. For example, a sensitive person may be more likely to notice the subtle nuanced brush strokes in a painting, or they may be better equipped to pick up on others’ emotions. They’re also more likely to be strongly emotionally impacted by their experiences—both positively and negatively.

The authors explain that sensitivity is linked to creativity for a few reasons. First, sensitive people have more intense emotional experiences, and emotions are often the inspiration for...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 9: Creative Resilience

The ninth characteristic that the authors say creative people share is creative resilience—feeling their emotions intensely, using them to develop a deeper understanding of themselves and the world, and then sharing the insights they’ve gained through creative expression.

The authors explain that many artists use creative expression as a way of releasing pain and suffering. Turning pain into art, for example, helps creatives cope because it makes their suffering meaningful. Sharing their experiences is also cathartic because it allows creatives to connect with others—it makes them feel less alone in their experiences and produces the same effect for those viewing their art.

This characteristic is closely linked to characteristic 8: sensitivity. Because creatives are so sensitive, they’re more likely to be heavily impacted by traumatic experiences and carry suffering in the form of mental and emotional disorders. However, being creatively resilient allows creatives, distinctly, to flourish in the face of this adversity.

Does Creative Expression Actually Relieve Suffering for the “Tortured Artist”?

The link...

Wired to Create Summary Characteristic 10: Unconventional Thinking

The final characteristic that the authors say creative people share is unconventional thinking. Creatives tend to think beyond standard rules and expectations that traditionally limit people. They break barriers and set new trends by refusing to conform.

The disruption that creative people cause often paves the way for massive change—for example, an inventor often needs to challenge what we know about science to create new commodities that make our lives easier or more efficient. However, the authors note that because creative work breaks norms and traditions, it often goes unrecognized initially.

This is because people typically praise conformity and resist things that are different. It’s our evolutionary drive to be risk averse—risks present danger, and newness is a risk. As a result, people need time to get used to a new concept before they can consider its merit.

For example, most people rejected the idea of automobiles when they were first invented—using a machine rather than a horse to get around...

Shortform Exercise: Pursue New Experiences

According to the authors, one characteristic that sets creatives apart from the average person and contributes to their heightened creativity is experiential curiosity—their desire to learn about themselves and the world through new experiences. In this exercise, we’ll identify your primary form of curiosity and brainstorm experiences to help you explore it.

The authors argue that experiential curiosity comes in three forms: 1) the drive to find truth, solve problems, and explore ideas, 2) the drive to understand human emotion, and 3) the drive to explore art and elements of unreality. Which of these forms do you feel most driven to explore?