Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > 'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Scott Simon speaks with Michael Schur about his book exploring the nature of sports fandom. The conversation examines why fans willingly invest their emotional wellbeing in outcomes they cannot control, with powerlessness identified as both the defining characteristic and paradoxical appeal of fandom. Schur and co-author Joe Posnanski share observations from their immersion in different sporting communities, from the mainstream football culture at Buffalo Wild Wings to the carnival atmosphere of London's World Darts Championship and the restrained intensity of chess tournaments.

The discussion weighs the emotional risks of fandom against its rewards, exploring whether the potential for heartbreak is worth the irreplaceable moments of joy that devotion provides. Drawing on academic perspectives and personal experiences, the conversation frames fandom as a choice to embrace life's greatest emotional peaks despite the inevitable valleys that accompany them.

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'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

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'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

1-Page Summary

The Psychology of Fandom: Why Emotional Investment in Uncontrollable Outcomes Is Central

Powerlessness as the Core of Fandom

Scott Simon and Michael Schur discuss that powerlessness is the defining feature of fandom and, paradoxically, part of its appeal. Schur references Professor Daniel Wan from Murray State, who notes that fans risk their emotional wellbeing on outcomes they cannot influence—essentially gambling with their own happiness. Posnanski adds that the emotional stakes are enormous, citing decades of pain endured by Chicago Cubs supporters before their 2016 victory. This emotional rollercoaster, dependent on powerlessness, creates both thrilling highs and crushing lows.

The Dedication and Ritualistic Commitment of Fans

Posnanski describes the ritualistic behaviors that define fan dedication: wearing lucky clothing, choosing specific viewing locations, checking scores obsessively, and making desperate psychological bargains. These rituals, consistent across all contexts, represent attempts to exert psychological influence over uncontrollable events and reflect the deep emotional investment at the heart of sports fandom.

Diverse Sporting Cultures and Fan Experiences

Schur and Posnanski explore fandom diversity by immersing themselves in football, darts, and chess communities, revealing a broad spectrum of fan engagement.

Football and Mainstream American Fan Culture

Recognizing football as America's dominant sport, they spend a day at Buffalo Wild Wings observing fan culture. The restaurant serves as a vibrant hub packed with supporters from every NFL team. Posnanski notes that nearly every other person wears a team jersey, demonstrating football's ability to unite fans across affiliations while allowing spirited displays of individual loyalty.

The World Darts Championship and Alternative Fan Communities

At London's World Darts Championship, Schur is awestruck by the carnival atmosphere—fans in costumes celebrating each throw, tossing napkins and pouring beer. Posnanski observes this event features the highest per-capita alcohol consumption of any sport, with venues selling only pitchers of beer. The 17-year-old Luke Littler's championship victory added historical significance to an already extraordinary experience.

Chess Fandom and Restrained Fan Expression

Chess presents a stark contrast. Posnanski explains that players demand silence, so spectators watch on television screens away from the tournament room. Despite the quiet, chess fans share intense emotional ties with players and value brilliant moves like outstanding athletic feats. The atmosphere remains uniquely restrained yet profoundly devoted, demonstrating the many forms passionate sporting communities can take.

The Value of Fandom

Schur explores how sports devotion provides irreplaceable joy despite risks of heartbreak.

Irreplaceable Emotional Peaks From Fandom

Schur highlights unique moments like the Cubs' 2016 victory, calling them "irreplaceable and non-repeatable." These moments bring exhilaration that cannot be found anywhere else. He argues fandom enriches life through psychological and emotional fulfillment, testifying that these experiences have made his life "100%" richer.

The Mathematical Cost-Benefit of Passionate Investment

Examining whether emotional risks are worthwhile, Schur references Professor Wan, who responded that while a life without fandom might include fewer sad days, it would miss the greatest heights of joy. He compares it to never having fallen in love—avoiding pain but forfeiting life's most profound joys. Schur concludes that fans experience deeper sadness in loss and greater joy in victory, with the reward justifying the risk for those who choose devotion.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The notion that powerlessness is central to fandom may overlook fans who are drawn to sports for reasons unrelated to emotional risk, such as social bonding, appreciation of skill, or cultural tradition.
  • Not all fans experience extreme emotional highs and lows; some maintain a more casual or detached relationship with their teams and do not gamble with their happiness.
  • Ritualistic behaviors among fans may be more about community and shared identity than attempts to influence outcomes or cope with powerlessness.
  • The comparison between sports fandom and falling in love may be overstated, as the depth and nature of emotional investment can differ significantly between personal relationships and spectator sports.
  • The idea that the emotional rewards of fandom always outweigh the risks of heartbreak may not hold true for everyone; some individuals may find the emotional toll of repeated disappointment to be detrimental to their wellbeing.
  • The portrayal of football as unifying may overlook instances where sports fandom exacerbates divisions, such as rivalries leading to hostility or exclusion.
  • The focus on emotional peaks may underplay the value of other aspects of fandom, such as routine enjoyment, relaxation, or intellectual engagement with the sport.
  • The text emphasizes the positive aspects of fandom but does not address potential negative consequences, such as unhealthy obsession, financial costs, or the impact of toxic fan behavior.

Actionables

  • you can create a personal fan journal to track your emotional highs and lows during a sports season, noting how your mood shifts with wins and losses to better understand and embrace the emotional rollercoaster of fandom
  • Write down your feelings before, during, and after games, and reflect on how your investment in uncontrollable outcomes shapes your week. Over time, you’ll see patterns in your emotional responses and can appreciate the unique peaks and valleys that come with being a fan.
  • a practical way to deepen your connection with your favorite team is to design a small, private pre-game ritual that’s meaningful to you, such as listening to a specific song or preparing a themed snack, to heighten anticipation and emotional investment
  • Choose something simple and repeatable, like wearing a certain color or lighting a candle, and notice how this ritual enhances your sense of participation and excitement, even though you can’t control the outcome.
  • you can broaden your appreciation for different fan cultures by watching a game or match from a sport or country you’re unfamiliar with, then jotting down the unique ways fans express passion and comparing them to your own experiences
  • For example, watch a cricket match from India or a rugby game from New Zealand, observe the crowd’s behaviors, and reflect on how their traditions and emotional expressions differ from what you’re used to, helping you see the diversity and universality of fandom.

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'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

The Psychology of Fandom: Why Emotional Investment in Uncontrollable Outcomes Is Central

Powerlessness as the Core of Fandom

Scott Simon and Michael Schur discuss that the defining feature of fandom is a sense of powerlessness, which is paradoxically also part of its appeal. Schur references Professor Daniel Wan from Murray State, who has studied fandom academically for a long time. Wan identifies that fans risk their emotional and psychological health on outcomes they cannot influence, likening the experience to gambling with one's own happiness. This risk brings thrilling highs when things go well but can also result in crushing disappointment—a dynamic that depends on the feeling of powerlessness. Joe Posnanski adds that, for many fans, the emotional stakes are enormous, citing the decades of pain endured by Chicago Cubs supporters before their long-awaited 2016 victory. The emotional rollercoaster created by this investment is at the heart of fandom, and fans endure devastating lows for the chance to experience elation when their team finally succeeds.

The Dedication and Ritualistic Commitment of Fans

Joe Posnanski describes the ritualistic behaviors that characterize fan dedication. Fans don lucky clothing such as hats, jerseys, or t-shirts and are particular about where they watch games, whether alone ...

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The Psychology of Fandom: Why Emotional Investment in Uncontrollable Outcomes Is Central

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The paradoxical appeal of powerlessness in fandom lies in how surrendering control creates intense emotional experiences. Fans find excitement in unpredictability, which heightens their engagement and investment. This vulnerability fosters a sense of community and shared identity among fans. Ultimately, the lack of control makes victories feel more meaningful and defeats more poignant.
  • Scott Simon is a respected American journalist and radio broadcaster known for his work on NPR. Michael Schur is a television producer and writer, famous for creating popular shows like "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation," and he often discusses cultural topics. Joe Posnanski is a well-known sportswriter and author who frequently covers baseball and sports culture. Their relevance lies in their expertise and public influence, providing credible insights into fandom and emotional investment in sports.
  • The comparison highlights how fans emotionally stake their well-being on uncertain outcomes beyond their control. Like gamblers risking money, fans risk their happiness on events they cannot influence. This creates intense emotional highs when outcomes are favorable and deep lows when they are not. The unpredictability and lack of control amplify the emotional impact.
  • The Chicago Cubs endured a 108-year championship drought, the longest in Major League Baseball history. Their last World Series win before 2016 was in 1908. This long period without a title became a symbol of persistent hope and heartbreak for fans. The 2016 victory ended what was often called the "Curse of the Billy Goat," a superstition linked to their misfortunes.
  • Ritualistic behaviors like wearing lucky clothing or ...

Counterarguments

  • While powerlessness is a component of fandom, many fans also find empowerment and community through their involvement, which can offset feelings of helplessness.
  • Not all fans experience fandom as a high-stakes emotional gamble; for some, it is a casual or social activity with limited emotional risk.
  • The analogy to gambling may overstate the psychological risk for many fans, as most are able to separate their well-being from their team's outcomes.
  • Ritualistic behaviors can be seen as expressions of identity, tradition, or group belonging, rather than solely as coping mechanisms for powerlessness.
  • Some fans derive sa ...

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'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

Diverse Sporting Cultures and Fan Experiences: Exploring Fandom Across Football, Darts, Chess, and Their Unique Communities

Michael Schur and Joe Posnanski explore the vivid diversity of sporting fandom by immersing themselves in communities surrounding football, darts, and chess. Their experiences reveal the broad spectrum of fan engagement, from exuberant gatherings to solemn admiration.

Football and Mainstream American Fan Culture

Buffalo Wild Wings: A Gathering Spot For Fans of Every NFL Team

Schur and Posnanski recognize American football as the country's dominant sport and choose Buffalo Wild Wings as the quintessential place to observe fan culture. They spend an entire day at their local Buffalo Wild Wings, finding it packed with football fans from every NFL team. The restaurant is a vibrant hub where, regardless of which team is playing, supporters unite in one space.

Football Fandom Unites Fans, With Loyalty Shown Through Jersey Choices and Team Affiliation

Inside Buffalo Wild Wings, the diversity of team loyalty is on vivid display. Posnanski observes that nearly every other person is wearing a team jersey, making it easy to identify each fan's allegiance. This ritual of wearing team colors and jerseys demonstrates football’s ability to unite fans across affiliations, building a feeling of community that spans the entire country yet allows for spirited displays of loyalty.

The World Darts Championship and Alternative Fan Communities

World Darts Championship in London: Passionate Fans in Costumes, Beer, Carnival Atmosphere

At the World Darts Championship, held at Alexandra Palace in London, Schur is awestruck by the scene. While the dart players remain focused and expressionless, the crowd erupts with uncontained enthusiasm—fans in costumes like Harry Potter or the Jamaican bobsled team celebrate each dart throw, tossing napkins and even pouring beer on each other's heads. Schur describes the experience as "unreal," with a "truly incredible" carnival-like energy.

Darts Fans Lead In Per-capita Alcohol Intake; Venues Sell Only Pitchers of Beer

Posnanski points out that this event features the highest per-capita alcohol consumption of any fan sport he's attended. At the World Darts Championship, he says, "they sell pitchers of beer and from what I could tell, there was not a single glass in the entire place." The environment is one of unrestrained revelry, with alcohol serving as a staple for socializing and celebration.

Young Darts Champions Like 17-year-Old Luke Littler Thrill Fans With Major Tournament Wins, Creating Historical Significance

Posnanski recounts how 17-year-old Luke Littler’s victory in the championship electrified the crowd and added to the event’s historical aura. Everything about watching the youthful champion was “quite amazing,” deepening the memory of an already extraordinary sporting experience.

Chess Fandom and Restrained Fan Expression

Spectators Watch On TV as Players Demand Sile ...

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Diverse Sporting Cultures and Fan Experiences: Exploring Fandom Across Football, Darts, Chess, and Their Unique Communities

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Michael Schur is a well-known television producer and writer, recognized for creating popular shows like "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation." Joe Posnanski is a respected sports journalist and author, known for his insightful sports commentary and storytelling. Their perspectives matter because Schur brings a cultural and entertainment viewpoint, while Posnanski offers expert sports analysis. Together, they provide a rich, multifaceted understanding of sports fandom.
  • Buffalo Wild Wings is a popular American sports bar and restaurant chain known for its casual atmosphere and numerous TVs showing live sports. It is significant for football fans because it provides a communal space to watch games together, often with food and drinks. The venue fosters social interaction and shared excitement during NFL games. Its widespread presence makes it a common meeting place for fans nationwide.
  • The NFL (National Football League) is the premier professional American football league in the United States, consisting of 32 teams divided into two conferences. It is the most popular sports league in the country, with a massive fan base and significant cultural impact. The NFL season culminates in the Super Bowl, one of the biggest annual sporting events worldwide. Its influence extends beyond sports, shaping social gatherings, media, and American identity.
  • The World Darts Championship is a major annual event in professional darts, attracting fans worldwide. It is known for its lively, party-like atmosphere where fans often dress in costumes and engage in boisterous celebrations. The sport has a strong working-class following, especially in the UK and the Netherlands, contributing to its communal and festive culture. Alcohol consumption is a traditional part of the fan experience, enhancing social interaction and excitement.
  • Darts fans wear costumes like Harry Potter or the Jamaican bobsled team to add fun and theatricality to the event. These costumes create a festive, carnival-like atmosphere that encourages playful celebration. Fans often choose popular or humorous characters to express individuality and camaraderie. This tradition enhances the social and entertainment aspects of darts tournaments.
  • "Per-capita alcohol intake" means the average amount of alcohol consumed by each person at an event. It helps compare drinking levels across different sports or gatherings regardless of crowd size. High per-capita intake indicates a culture where drinking is a prominent part of the fan experience. This measure highlights how social behaviors vary between sporting communities.
  • Luke Littler is a young professional darts player from England who gained attention for his exceptional skill at an unusually early age. His victories are notable because darts is typically dominated by older, more experienced players. Winning major tournaments as a teenager highlights his extraordinary talent and potential to shape the sport's future. This makes his achievements historically significant within the darts community.
  • Silence is demanded during chess tournaments to prev ...

Counterarguments

  • While Buffalo Wild Wings is highlighted as a central hub for football fandom, many fans prefer watching games at home, at local bars, or with friends, suggesting that fan experiences are more varied than depicted.
  • The portrayal of football fandom as unifying may overlook the exclusion some fans feel due to regional rivalries, commercialization, or lack of representation for women and minorities in mainstream fan spaces.
  • The focus on alcohol consumption at darts events could reinforce stereotypes and may not reflect the experiences of all darts fans, including those who attend for the sport itself rather than the party atmosphere.
  • The depiction of chess fandom as uniquely restrained may understate the existence of lively online chess communities and events where fans express enthusiasm more vocally.
  • The em ...

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'Big Fan' investigates fandom from darts and football to Taylor Swift

The Value of Fandom: How Sports Devotion Provides Joy and Meaning Despite Risks

Michael Schur explores how passionate sports fandom gives life irreplaceable moments of joy and meaning, even as it exposes fans to risks of heartbreak and disappointment.

Irreplaceable Emotional Peaks From Fandom

Schur highlights the unique joy found in rare victories, pointing to moments like the Cubs winning in 2016, the Red Sox breaking their curse in 2004, and the Cavaliers triumphing in 2016. He calls these moments "irreplaceable and non-repeatable," insisting they bring a kind of exhilaration and joy that simply cannot be found anywhere else. The devotion fans show to their teams amplifies both the sadness of defeat and the joy of victory. The highs that fans experience—those moments they loan their passion to—are described as offering something nothing else in life can provide.

Schur argues that fandom enriches life by bringing psychological and emotional fulfillment, particularly through engaging with outcomes that are fundamentally uncontrollable. He cannot imagine his life without his own fandom and testifies that these experiences have made his life "100%" richer.

The Mathematical Cost-Benefit of Passionate Investment

Examining whether the emotional risks of fandom are worth it, Schur references Professor Wan of Murray State. Schur recalls asking whether he would be better off emotionally if he were just a fan of a sport, not a particular team. Professor Wan responded emphatically that while a life without fandom might include fewer days of ...

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The Value of Fandom: How Sports Devotion Provides Joy and Meaning Despite Risks

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The Cubs' 2016 World Series win ended a 108-year championship drought, the longest in professional sports. The Red Sox's 2004 victory broke the "Curse of the Bambino," a superstition linked to an 86-year championship gap. The Cavaliers' 2016 NBA Championship was historic as they overcame a 3-1 deficit in the Finals to win their first title. These events are iconic because they ended long periods of disappointment, creating unforgettable joy for fans.
  • Michael Schur is a well-known television producer and writer, famous for creating popular shows like "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation." His perspective matters because he is also a passionate sports fan who often discusses how fandom impacts life emotionally. Schur combines personal experience with thoughtful analysis, making his insights relatable and credible. His public influence helps bring attention to the emotional value of sports fandom.
  • "Engaging with outcomes that are fundamentally uncontrollable" means emotionally investing in events where you have no power to influence the result. In sports fandom, fans cannot affect the game's outcome despite their passion. This uncertainty creates suspense and emotional intensity, making victories sweeter and losses more painful. It contrasts with situations where effort directly determines success, highlighting the unique emotional experience of fandom.
  • The analogy compares the emotional investment in sports fandom to the experience of falling in love. Both involve deep feelings that can lead to great joy but also significant pain. Avoiding these experiences means missing out on the most intense and meaningful emotional highs. This highlights that emotional risk is inherent to profound human connections and passions.
  • Fandom intensifies emotions through a process called emotional contagion, where fans absorb and mirror the feelings of their team. Identification with the team creates a sense of shared identity, making wins and losses feel personal. Dopamine release during victories reinforces the joy, while losses trigger stress responses, deepening sadness. This emotional investment strengthens bonds and heightens the overall experience.
  • "Irreplaceable and non-repeatable moments" refer to unique, once-in-a-lifetime events in sports that cannot be duplicated or experienced again in the same way. These moments often involve historic wins or dramatic outcomes that create lasting emotional impact. Their rarity makes them ...

Counterarguments

  • The claim that sports fandom provides "irreplaceable and non-repeatable" joy may overlook other sources of profound fulfillment, such as artistic pursuits, personal achievements, or deep relationships, which can also offer unique emotional highs.
  • Not everyone finds meaning or enrichment in sports fandom; for some, it may feel trivial or even stressful, suggesting that its value is subjective and not universal.
  • The emotional volatility of fandom can lead to unhealthy obsession, stress, or even aggressive behavior, which may detract from overall well-being rather than enrich life.
  • Psychological and emotional fulfillment can be found in many activities that do not involve uncontrollable outcomes or intense emotional swings, such as volunteering, creative hobbies, or intellectual pursuits.
  • The analogy between fandom and falling in love may be overstated, as the depth and consequences of romantic relationships often differ significantly from those of sports allegiance.
  • Some people may p ...

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