In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Ailsa Chang discusses two novels that examine friendships between different generations. With author Kelly Yang, Chang explores how age affects women's access to power and opportunity, touching on generational gatekeeping and competition between older and younger women. Yang's novel "The Take" uses a blood transfusion experiment as a metaphor for the pressures women face at different life stages.
The episode also features author Willy Vlautin discussing his novel "The Left and the Lucky," which follows an unlikely friendship between a middle-aged house painter and an eight-year-old boy. Their relationship demonstrates how mentorship benefits both the vulnerable and those who provide care. Additionally, Vlautin reflects on the disappearance of working-class narratives from literary fiction and their migration to crime fiction as the primary genre representing these stories.

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Kelly Yang and Ailsa Chang explore how age shapes women's access to authority and opportunity through gatekeeping, intergenerational competition, and the tension between relevance and acceptance.
Yang highlights how established women in competitive fields often impose a "have you paid your dues" culture on younger women, insisting that suffering and life experience are prerequisites for contribution. She shares a personal example: at 24, when pitching her novel idea to a famous writer, she was dismissed with "What could you possibly have to write about in your 20s?" Yang describes this as mortifying and says it set her back for years. She concludes that waiting for permission from older women was a mistake—women must give themselves permission to contribute regardless of age.
Chang notes that as women gain power, younger women's success can threaten their authority. Yang acknowledges this zero-sum thinking, explaining that advancement is often seen as a "finite pie." She admits she long felt pressure to hide her age, fearing her achievements would be dismissed and that she'd lose her defining asset of youth, becoming "just a normal middle-aged woman."
Yang's novel "The Take" literalizes this dynamic through a controversial medical experiment between 23-year-old Maggie and older Hollywood producer Ingrid, who exchange youth and age via blood transfusion. This echoes real-life experiments where young blood rejuvenated older rats. Maggie seeks to escape proving herself through experience, while Ingrid wants to reclaim relevance without aging's indignities. Yang frames their trade as a metaphor for the relentless pressures women face at every life stage.
Eddie, a lonely house painter in his forties, encounters eight-year-old Russell alone at a grocery store late at night. Russell, from a collapsing family with an abusive brother and absent mother, dreams of escaping his bleak situation. Eddie offers Russell food and guidance, becoming a source of safety and belonging. For Eddie, who struggles with loneliness after divorce, Russell provides renewed purpose. Their relationship becomes mutually transformative: Russell gains mentorship and safety, while Eddie finds meaning in providing care.
Eddie purchases an old Pontiac LeMans to fight isolation, and for Russell, the car becomes a symbol of possibility and escape. Every night, Russell joins Eddie in the carport to help with restoration, share meals, and learn practical skills. What begins as Eddie's solitary hobby transforms into a collaborative endeavor where Eddie models healthy adult relationships. Through caring for Russell, Eddie finds himself restored as well, gaining a chance to redeem past hurts.
Eddie's instinct to help struggling people reveals that nurturing others is core to his character. Russell, despite his vulnerability, demonstrates a child's keen instinct for finding protection, recognizing in Eddie a source of safety. Their partnership illustrates the universal human need for connection and shows that care and mentorship benefit both the vulnerable and those who give.
Willy Vlautin reflects on how literary fiction has largely abandoned working-class narratives. He recalls growing up reading John Steinbeck's novels, which were once considered essential reading and centered on working-class struggles. Vlautin grew up in a working-class environment himself and was inspired by Steinbeck to write about working-class life. However, he notes that literary fiction has turned its back on these narratives, marking a departure from when such stories were canonical.
Vlautin observes that crime fiction has become the main genre carrying forward working-class stories, while literary fiction overlooks them. He points out that readers wanting contemporary working-class fiction must now look to crime novels, where such narratives are depicted alongside criminal activity. This genre migration highlights how working-class stories are marginalized in literary fiction except when paired with elements of crime, reflecting a division in literary prestige.
1-Page Summary
Kelly Yang and Ailsa Chang explore how age shapes women’s paths to authority, recognition, and opportunity, often through gatekeeping, intergenerational competition, and the struggle between relevance and acceptance.
Yang highlights a pervasive “have you paid your dues” culture among women in competitive fields, rooted in the struggles faced by previous generations. She explains that established women often impose arbitrary standards on younger women, insisting that suffering and significant life experience are prerequisites for being allowed to contribute. This mentality arises from older women’s own past hardships, leading to the belief that younger women need to endure similar challenges to earn their place.
Yang shares a personal example: at age 24, while standing in line to meet a famous writer, she nervously pitched her idea for a novel about her childhood. The writer asked Yang’s age and dismissed her, saying, “What could you possibly have to write about in your 20s?” Yang describes this as mortifying and says it set her back for years. She concludes that waiting for permission from an older woman, or a nod from someone more experienced, was a mistake—women are never perfectly aged or experienced for storytelling or contribution, and they must give themselves permission to act.
Ailsa Chang points out that as women gain experience and power, they often become gatekeepers, and younger women’s ambition or success can threaten their sense of authority. Yang acknowledges this dynamic, explaining that for many women, advancement is seen as a “finite pie,” resulting in zero-sum thinking. The success of a young, ambitious woman can provoke anxiety in older women about their relevance and future power, undermining the ideal of “women supporting women.” Yang admits she long felt pressure to hide her age, fearing that her achievements would be dismissed as immature and that the novelty of youth—while exciting—would become a burden once she was no longer “the young one.” She reflects on the fear of losing her defining asset when she would inevitably age into being “just a normal middle-aged woman.”
Age and Power: How Age Impacts Access, Authority, and Opportunity For Women
Eddie, a house painter in his forties struggling with loneliness and the fallout from a divorce, encounters eight-year-old Russell alone at a Fred Meyer grocery store late at night. Eddie notices that Russell is small for his age and clearly vulnerable, having trekked out alone in the rain with no coat. Russell comes from a collapsing family: his older brother is abusive and full of rage, his mother is often absent, and his grandmother is overcome with grief. Russell dreams of escaping his bleak situation—imagining building a motor airplane to flee to an island near Hawaii.
Eddie responds to Russell's unspoken need, offering him food and gentle guidance during their first encounter. He advises Russell on practical matters—like bringing a coat and leaving notes for his grandmother—to keep himself safe. For Russell, Eddie becomes a potential source of safety and belonging. Russell, intuitively aware of Eddie's capacity for care, sees in him a path to a safer, more stable life. For Eddie, who is drawn to helping people struggling with hardship, Russell’s presence offers him a renewed sense of purpose. Their relationship is mutually transformative: Russell learns survival skills and gains mentorship, while Eddie finds new meaning and fulfillment in providing for someone who needs care.
Eddie purchases an old Pontiac LeMans to occupy his lonely evenings, using the restoration project to keep his mind engaged and fight off isolation. The car, for Russell, quickly becomes a symbol of possibility and escape—much like the Hot Wheels he dreams about. He is instantly drawn to the vehicle and to the person working on it. Every night, Russell drifts toward Eddie’s carport, eager to participate in Eddie’s world, help with odd jobs, observe the restoration process, and share meals.
What begins as Eddie’s solitary hobby transforms into a collaborative endeavor. Through working together on the car, Eddie teaches Russell practical skills, shows him steady attention and affection, and models a healthy, supportive adult relationship. For Eddie, the act of caring for Russell reconnects him with his own neglected need for companionship and meaning. In helping Russell, Eddie finds himself restored as well, gaining th ...
Intergenerational Mentorship: How Young and Older People Grow Together
Willy Vlautin reflects on the current state of American literature, noting a significant absence of novels centered on working-class protagonists like Eddy. He recalls growing up at a time when John Steinbeck's novels dominated the curriculum at his Reno high school, reading six of the author’s major works. Steinbeck, who was once considered essential reading, was a hero to Vlautin and symbolized a literary era where working-class struggles were regarded as central to American literature.
Vlautin grew up in a working-class environment himself, with a single mom earning less than men and facing sexual harassment, realities he became acutely aware of at an early age. Inspired by Steinbeck, Vlautin always aspired to write stories about working-class life. However, he notes that literary fiction has largely turned its back on these narratives. This shift marks a departure from the time when Steinbeck’s working-class novels were canonical, and signals that such stories are now scarce in the prestigious realm of literary fiction.
Vlautin observes that crime fiction is now the primary genre carrying forward the tradition of realistic working-class stories. While literary fiction often overlooks these narratives, crime novels have become the place where working-class life is depicted, albeit usually in conjunction with ...
Working-Class Portrayal in Contemporary American Fiction
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