NPR's Book of the Day explores Luke Kennard's novel "Black Bag," which follows an unemployed actor who takes an unusual role performing inside a leather bag as part of a professor's research project. The story draws inspiration from a real 1967 experiment where students gradually accepted the presence of a silent, black-bagged figure in their classroom.
The discussion examines how the novel uses this premise to explore themes of masculinity and human perception. Through the main character's role as an empty vessel for others' projections, the story investigates how personal desires shape our understanding of others. The episode also covers Kennard's perspective on teaching and the continuing relevance of the novel's themes in modern society.

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Luke Kennard's novel "Black Bag" follows an unnamed narrator, an unemployed actor struggling with financial hardship. Despite years of dedication to his craft, the narrator finds himself trapped in unfulfilling roles at murder mystery dinners and experimental theaters. His growing disillusionment leads him to accept an unusual role offered by a professor, where he performs inside a leather bag—a role that symbolizes his desire to withdraw from his failed ambitions.
The novel explores posthumanism through Professor Justine's research, which views the erased man in the black bag as a therapeutic tool for addressing troubled or toxic masculinity in young men, particularly those in the tech industry. The narrator essentially becomes an empty vessel, allowing others like Justine to project their professional needs and desires onto him, highlighting how personal perceptions can be shaped by individual needs and wishes.
Kennard draws inspiration from Professor Charles Goetzinger's 1967 "Black Bag" experiment, which tested the mere exposure effect. In Goetzinger's experiment, students initially rejected a silent figure in a black bag but gradually grew to accept and even embrace its presence, eventually including it in social activities. Kennard also relates to the ironies of teaching, sharing his perspective on the disconnect between expectations and reality in education. The novel's themes continue to resonate, with Kennard even receiving invitations to readings where he's asked to dress as the black bag himself.
1-Page Summary
Luke Kennard's novel "Black Bag" introduces readers to a central character who navigates the unpredictable terrain of an acting career mired by unemployment and financial hardship.
The novel's unnamed narrator is an actor who faces the harsh reality of unemployment and financial struggles. Despite dedicating most of his adult life to the craft, he finds himself limited to undesirable roles—he has worked in murder mystery dinner theatres and experimental issues-based theatres, neither of which satisfy his aspirations or provide financial stability.
The culmination of the narrator's career disappointment and his desire to escape the harsh realities of his failed ambitions lead him to accept an u ...
The Novel's Premise and Narrative
The theme of masculinity and projection of desires is explored through the lens of posthumanism, with special focus on how individuals project their needs and frustrations onto others.
Justine is a professor deeply invested in posthumanism, a field exploring beyond the traditional notions of what it means to be human. Her research and her experiences with young men in the tech industry lead her to see the erased man in the black bag as a potentially therapeutic tool. This figure is envisioned as a means to make these young men more conscientious and aware of their behavior and impacts in society. It's a unique approach to engaging with what she perceives as troubled or toxic masculinity within a particular demographic.
The novel introduces us to a figure, the narrator, who functions effectively as a black bag—an empty vessel devoid of personal agency and ready for the projecti ...
Themes of Masculinity and Projection of Desires
Luke Kennard reveals the unique inspirations and influences that shaped his novel, highlighted by educational experiments and the ironies of teaching.
Kennard was compelled by the real-life occurrence of Professor Charles Goetzinger's 1967 experiment. The experiment aimed to test the mere exposure effect, which details how individuals' feelings towards something can alter over time with familiarity.
Initially, Goetzinger's "Black Bag" experiment evoked unease among the students who encountered the silent presence in their classroom. They disliked the mystery and disruption it represented. Over time, their perception shifted, and they developed a sense of fondness for the "Black Bag." The turning point came when the students went from merely accepting the "Black Bag" to standing up for it and including it in their social circle, even inviting it to their end-of-term party despite it never breaking its silence.
Kennard resonates with the peculiarities of teaching, particularly how reality often diverges from what one expects. He discusses the "strange irony" found in the profession of lecturing, a feeling akin to the character Dr. Blend's views on the disconnection betwe ...
The Author's Inspirations and Influences for the Novel
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