Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

NPR's Book of the Day examines Terry McMillan's "Waiting to Exhale" and its significance in 1990s media representation. Hosts Brittany Luse and BA Parker explore how the novel broke new ground by depicting the personal and professional lives of middle-class Black women, focusing on four characters navigating career challenges, relationships, and friendships.

The discussion delves into the book's lasting influence on popular culture, including its impact on later works like "Sex and the City" and its role in expanding mainstream narratives about urban Black women's experiences. The hosts also address the novel's reception, including criticisms of its portrayal of Black men and McMillan's response to expectations placed on writers from marginalized communities.

Listen to the original

Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Dec 20, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.

Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

1-Page Summary

Significance Of "Waiting To Exhale"

Brittany Luse and BA Parker discuss "Waiting To Exhale" as a contemporary classic that deeply resonates with Black American women. Luse shares how the book's dialogue mirrored conversations she witnessed among adult Black women in her youth, while Parker describes the novel's ubiquitous presence in her childhood home. The book marked a pivotal moment in media representation, offering one of the first detailed portrayals of black professional middle-class women's interior lives in the 1990s.

Portrayal of Black Women's Experiences and Relationships

The novel follows four black women navigating professional and personal challenges, depicting their friendships with both support and realistic criticism. Each character offers a different perspective on black womanhood: Savannah's career focus, Gloria's dedication to motherhood, Bernadine's divorce struggles, and Robin's romantic misfortunes. The story particularly resonates through its exploration of issues like scarcity in dating, divorce, and work-life balance that continue to affect Black professional women.

The Book's Influence on Subsequent Works and Media

Luse points out that "Waiting To Exhale" pioneered narrative techniques later seen in shows like "Sex and the City," particularly in its approach to women's intimate conversations and shifting character perspectives. The novel demonstrated strong demand for stories about urban, professional black women, paving the way for more open discussions about sex, relationships, and women's experiences across various media platforms.

Critical Reception and Author's Response

The novel faced criticism from some in the Black community over its portrayal of Black men, with Spike Lee notably defending it as a "truthful account" of volatile relationships. In an interview with Terry Gross, Terry McMillan firmly maintained that she wasn't attempting to represent all Black people, but rather telling her own story. Her stance highlights the unique pressure on marginalized creators to justify their narratives as representative of entire communities.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Start a book club focused on novels by Black authors that explore the lives of Black women, using "Waiting To Exhale" as the inaugural read. This encourages dialogue and understanding of the themes discussed in the novel, such as professional challenges and personal relationships. You can invite friends, colleagues, or members of your community to join, fostering a space for shared experiences and diverse perspectives.
  • Write a personal reflection or journal entry on how the themes of "Waiting To Exhale" relate to your own experiences or observations. This exercise can help you articulate your thoughts on topics like work-life balance, friendships, and relationships. Reflect on how the portrayal of these themes in the novel compares to your reality, and consider what insights you might gain from this comparison.
  • Create a playlist of music that captures the essence of "Waiting To Exhale" and share it with friends or on social media. Music can be a powerful tool for connecting with the emotions and experiences depicted in the novel. Choose songs that resonate with the struggles and triumphs of the characters, or that reflect the era when the novel was influential. This can serve as a conversation starter about the book's impact and themes.

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

Significance Of "Waiting To Exhale"

Brittany Luse and BA Parker discuss the enduring relevance and impact of "Waiting To Exhale," reflecting on its significant role as a contemporary classic that has touched the lives of Black American women.

Podcast Guests' Ties to the Book Show Its Lasting Influence as a Landmark for Black Women

Brittany Luse On how the Book Resonated With Adult Black Women She Knew

Luse shared her experience of growing up around adult Black women whose conversations echoed the dialogue in "Waiting to Exhale." For Luse, recognizing the similarities between her past observations and her current life as she reached the age of the characters in the book felt like a full circle moment. She also mentioned that, interestingly, her mother would recall details from the movie adaptation starring Angela Bassett when discussing the book.

Parker Viewed the Novel and Film as Ubiquitous In Her Childhood, Highlighting Its Status As a Cultural Touchstone for Black American Women

Tia Williams talked about the novel being passed around among her mother and her friends when she was 16, highlighting the book's resonance with its portrayal of professional, suburban Black women in their mid to late 30s. Meanwhile, BA Parker grew up with "Waiting to Exhale" as a significant presence, so much so that she saw it every day on her mother's bookshelf. She associated the novel, film, and soundtrack with her entire childhood, understanding its iconic status even before she had read it.

Pivotal Moment for Urban Black Women's Interior Lives Representation

Luse observes that the book offered a rich portrayal of black professional middle-class women in the 1990s, whose interior lives and everyday concerns were re ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Significance Of "Waiting To Exhale"

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore the themes of "Waiting to Exhale" by starting a book club focused on literature by Black female authors. Gather a group of friends or use social media platforms to invite participants. Select books that delve into the lives and experiences of Black women, encouraging discussions that connect the literature to personal experiences and contemporary issues.
  • Create a personal journal that captures your reflections on the themes of "Waiting to Exhale" and how they relate to your life. Use prompts such as "How do I see my personal and professional experiences reflected in the story?" or "What moments in 'Waiting to Exhale' resonate with me, and why?" This can deepen your understanding of the novel's impact on your own perspective.
  • Engage with t ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

Portrayal of Black Women's Experiences and Relationships

"Waiting to Exhale" serves as a cultural touchstone, exploring the friendships and romances of four black women navigating professional and personal challenges in the 1990s. Both BA Parker and Brittany Luse reflect on how the novel mirrors and influences the lives of its readers.

The Novel Explores Complex Friendships and Romances Among the Four Characters

At the heart of Terry McMillan's "Waiting to Exhale" are the intertwined lives of Savannah, Bernadine, Robin, and Gloria, who all are managing their romantic lives while supporting each other.

Book Shows Women As Supportive but Also Depicts Unflattering Thoughts and Criticisms About Each Other

The novel portrays these women as supportive, yet candidly reveals their unflattering thoughts and criticisms toward one another. This dynamic fosters a sense of realism, offering readers an intimate view of the characters' flaws and struggles, thereby enabling empathy.

Dynamic Fosters Intimacy and Realism, Enabling Reader Empathy With Characters' Flaws and Struggles

Each character—Savannah, a career-focused PR executive; Gloria, focused on her son rather than dating; Bernadine, engulfed in a messy divorce; and Robin, who often falls for the wrong men—provides a different perspective on black womanhood. The honest and raw depiction of their emotions and interactions draws the reader closer, creating a bond that Brittany Luse equates to watching "constantly having breakdowns."

Pressures on Black Professional Women in the 1990s

"Waiting to Exhale" not only offers entertainment but also sheds light on the everyday realities and societal pressures faced by black professional women in the 1990s.

Issues Like Scarcity, Divorce, and Work-Life Balance Resonate With the Target Audience

Parker and Luse delve into the concept of scarcity and the cultural mindset shaped by Essence, Jet, and Ebony magazine articles, which discussed the challenges black women faced in finding suitable partners. This issue, framed as a continuing concern with 49% of bla ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Portrayal of Black Women's Experiences and Relationships

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore the diversity of black womanhood by reading books from different decades that focus on the lives of black women, comparing the societal changes and constants in their experiences. For example, after reading "Waiting to Exhale," you might pick up a contemporary novel like "Such a Fun Age" by Kiley Reid to see how the portrayal of black women's lives has evolved.
  • Create a personal journal to reflect on your friendships and personal growth, using the characters' experiences as prompts. Write about times when you've supported friends through challenges or when you've had unflattering thoughts about them, and consider how these moments have shaped your relationships and personal development.
  • Start a virtual book club w ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

The Book's Influence on Subsequent Works and Media

"Waiting to Exhale" has significantly impacted how stories about urban, professional Black women are told, shaping literary and media landscapes alike.

"Pioneering 'Waiting To Exhale' Paved the Way for 'Sex and the City.'"

Brittany Luse points out the structural similarities between "Waiting to Exhale" and "Sex and the City," particularly in dialogue and storytelling craft, suggesting that "Waiting to Exhale" may have influenced "Sex and the City." Both narratives provide shifting perspectives and develop clear plot lines for characters that advance over the course of the season, a style of writing that could be traced back to "Waiting to Exhale."

Women's Intimate Conversations Influenced Subsequent Narrative Styles and Sensibilities

The speakers agree that "Waiting To Exhale" laid the groundwork for shows like "Sex and the City," where women's intimate conversations are openly discussed. The narrative style and sensibilities of women talking freely about their lives have become a common theme in subsequent works, contributing to a shift in storytelling.

Success Demonstrates Demand For Stories About Urban, Professional Black Women

The podcast discussion implies that "Waiting To Exhale" unearthed a demand for narratives centered around urban, professional black women, a largely underrepresented demographic in media. BA Parker likens another book, "The Wilderness," to "Waiting to Exhale," highlighting the continued demand for stories of black female friendships and experiences.

Novel's Influence Extends Beyond Literature Into Media Storytelling

The discussion suggests that "Waiting to Exhale" has changed the cultural scene by presenting previously unseen mainstream media stories, particularly those about professional suburban Black women. Terry McMillan accomplished the task of writing an authentically Black story with broad mainstream appeal without pandering.

The Book Paved the Way for Open Discussions on S ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

The Book's Influence on Subsequent Works and Media

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore and amplify diverse narratives by starting a book club focused on works by Black women authors. Choose a variety of genres and encourage members to discuss how the stories reflect or diverge from the themes presented in "Waiting to Exhale." This can deepen your understanding of the cultural impact and foster appreciation for the diversity within Black women's literature.
  • Create a personal blog or social media page where you review and analyze media content that centers on urban, professional Black women. By sharing your insights on character development, narrative style, and cultural representation, you contribute to the ongoing conversation and help others discover these stories.
  • Engag ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free
Revisiting ‘Waiting to Exhale’

Critical Reception and Author's Response

The conversation around Terry McMillan's work reveals the nuanced challenges faced by Black writers when their narratives intersect with broader racial representations.

Criticism From Some in the Black Community for Negative Portrayals of Black Men

Controversy emerged from certain quarters within the Black community over Terry McMillan's novel "Waiting to Exhale," with some men feeling that the book portrayed Black men negatively. This criticism highlights the tension that Black authors often navigate in telling their stories.

Spike Lee Defends "Truthful Account" of Volatile Black Relationships, Anticipating Backlash

Underlining the novel's contentious reception, director Spike Lee saw potential backlash and proactively defended "Waiting to Exhale." He blurbed the book, framing it as a "truthful" and "well-written" account of the volatile relationships between Black men and Black women. His preemptive defense suggests awareness of the delicate balance between telling a compelling story and facing criticism over representation.

Terry McMillan On Telling Her Story Without Representing all Black People

In an interview with Terry Gross on WHYY's Fresh Air, author Terry McMillan articulated her perspective. She emphasized that the characters and stories within "Waiting to Exhale" reflect her creative vision and that she was not endeavouring to represent all Black people. McMillan made it clear that she anticipated criticism and stood prepared to address it, signaling her resolve to uphold her literary work despite potential controversies.

McMillan's Defiance Highlights Challenges for Black Writers

Terry McMillan's stance illuminates the unique pressures faced by marginalized creators to defend their narratives against expectations that their work should reflect their entire community.

The Author's Defense of Her Vision Highlights the Burden on Marginalized Creators to Just ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

Registered users get access to the Full Podcast Summary and Additional Materials. It’s easy and free!
Start your free trial today

Critical Reception and Author's Response

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While McMillan's work is indeed her creative vision, it is also true that literature, especially from marginalized communities, can influence broader societal perceptions, and authors may need to be mindful of the potential impact their representations could have.
  • The criticism from some Black men regarding the portrayal of Black men in "Waiting to Exhale" could be seen as a call for more balanced representations, rather than a blanket condemnation of McMillan's storytelling.
  • Spike Lee's defense of the novel, while supportive, could also be interpreted as an acknowledgment that the portrayal of volatile relationships might reinforce certain stereotypes, which is a legitimate concern for some readers.
  • The expectation that Black writers represent their entire community may be burdensome, but it also speaks to the scarcity of diverse narratives in mainstream literature; as more varied stories are told, this expectation might diminish.
  • The idea that writers from underrepresented groups should not have to justify their narrativ ...

Actionables

  • You can support diverse narratives by purchasing and promoting books from marginalized authors who explore a variety of experiences within their communities. By doing this, you help create a market that values individual stories over monolithic representations. For example, find a local book club that focuses on diverse authors and join their discussions or recommend their books on your social media to encourage others to read them.
  • Encourage open dialogue by starting a virtual book club or discussion group that focuses on literature by underrepresented writers. This can be as simple as creating a Facebook group or using a platform like Goodreads. Choose books that spark conversation about authenticity in storytelling and invite members to share their perspectives, thereby fostering a community that appreciates the multiplicity of voices within a demographic.
  • Write a review or blog post about a ...

Get access to the context and additional materials

So you can understand the full picture and form your own opinion.
Get access for free

Create Summaries for anything on the web

Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser

Shortform Extension CTA