NPR's Book of the Day examines Terry McMillan's "Waiting to Exhale" and its significance in 1990s media representation. Hosts Brittany Luse and BA Parker explore how the novel broke new ground by depicting the personal and professional lives of middle-class Black women, focusing on four characters navigating career challenges, relationships, and friendships.
The discussion delves into the book's lasting influence on popular culture, including its impact on later works like "Sex and the City" and its role in expanding mainstream narratives about urban Black women's experiences. The hosts also address the novel's reception, including criticisms of its portrayal of Black men and McMillan's response to expectations placed on writers from marginalized communities.

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Brittany Luse and BA Parker discuss "Waiting To Exhale" as a contemporary classic that deeply resonates with Black American women. Luse shares how the book's dialogue mirrored conversations she witnessed among adult Black women in her youth, while Parker describes the novel's ubiquitous presence in her childhood home. The book marked a pivotal moment in media representation, offering one of the first detailed portrayals of black professional middle-class women's interior lives in the 1990s.
The novel follows four black women navigating professional and personal challenges, depicting their friendships with both support and realistic criticism. Each character offers a different perspective on black womanhood: Savannah's career focus, Gloria's dedication to motherhood, Bernadine's divorce struggles, and Robin's romantic misfortunes. The story particularly resonates through its exploration of issues like scarcity in dating, divorce, and work-life balance that continue to affect Black professional women.
Luse points out that "Waiting To Exhale" pioneered narrative techniques later seen in shows like "Sex and the City," particularly in its approach to women's intimate conversations and shifting character perspectives. The novel demonstrated strong demand for stories about urban, professional black women, paving the way for more open discussions about sex, relationships, and women's experiences across various media platforms.
The novel faced criticism from some in the Black community over its portrayal of Black men, with Spike Lee notably defending it as a "truthful account" of volatile relationships. In an interview with Terry Gross, Terry McMillan firmly maintained that she wasn't attempting to represent all Black people, but rather telling her own story. Her stance highlights the unique pressure on marginalized creators to justify their narratives as representative of entire communities.
1-Page Summary
Brittany Luse and BA Parker discuss the enduring relevance and impact of "Waiting To Exhale," reflecting on its significant role as a contemporary classic that has touched the lives of Black American women.
Luse shared her experience of growing up around adult Black women whose conversations echoed the dialogue in "Waiting to Exhale." For Luse, recognizing the similarities between her past observations and her current life as she reached the age of the characters in the book felt like a full circle moment. She also mentioned that, interestingly, her mother would recall details from the movie adaptation starring Angela Bassett when discussing the book.
Tia Williams talked about the novel being passed around among her mother and her friends when she was 16, highlighting the book's resonance with its portrayal of professional, suburban Black women in their mid to late 30s. Meanwhile, BA Parker grew up with "Waiting to Exhale" as a significant presence, so much so that she saw it every day on her mother's bookshelf. She associated the novel, film, and soundtrack with her entire childhood, understanding its iconic status even before she had read it.
Luse observes that the book offered a rich portrayal of black professional middle-class women in the 1990s, whose interior lives and everyday concerns were re ...
Significance Of "Waiting To Exhale"
"Waiting to Exhale" serves as a cultural touchstone, exploring the friendships and romances of four black women navigating professional and personal challenges in the 1990s. Both BA Parker and Brittany Luse reflect on how the novel mirrors and influences the lives of its readers.
At the heart of Terry McMillan's "Waiting to Exhale" are the intertwined lives of Savannah, Bernadine, Robin, and Gloria, who all are managing their romantic lives while supporting each other.
The novel portrays these women as supportive, yet candidly reveals their unflattering thoughts and criticisms toward one another. This dynamic fosters a sense of realism, offering readers an intimate view of the characters' flaws and struggles, thereby enabling empathy.
Each character—Savannah, a career-focused PR executive; Gloria, focused on her son rather than dating; Bernadine, engulfed in a messy divorce; and Robin, who often falls for the wrong men—provides a different perspective on black womanhood. The honest and raw depiction of their emotions and interactions draws the reader closer, creating a bond that Brittany Luse equates to watching "constantly having breakdowns."
"Waiting to Exhale" not only offers entertainment but also sheds light on the everyday realities and societal pressures faced by black professional women in the 1990s.
Parker and Luse delve into the concept of scarcity and the cultural mindset shaped by Essence, Jet, and Ebony magazine articles, which discussed the challenges black women faced in finding suitable partners. This issue, framed as a continuing concern with 49% of bla ...
Portrayal of Black Women's Experiences and Relationships
"Waiting to Exhale" has significantly impacted how stories about urban, professional Black women are told, shaping literary and media landscapes alike.
Brittany Luse points out the structural similarities between "Waiting to Exhale" and "Sex and the City," particularly in dialogue and storytelling craft, suggesting that "Waiting to Exhale" may have influenced "Sex and the City." Both narratives provide shifting perspectives and develop clear plot lines for characters that advance over the course of the season, a style of writing that could be traced back to "Waiting to Exhale."
The speakers agree that "Waiting To Exhale" laid the groundwork for shows like "Sex and the City," where women's intimate conversations are openly discussed. The narrative style and sensibilities of women talking freely about their lives have become a common theme in subsequent works, contributing to a shift in storytelling.
The podcast discussion implies that "Waiting To Exhale" unearthed a demand for narratives centered around urban, professional black women, a largely underrepresented demographic in media. BA Parker likens another book, "The Wilderness," to "Waiting to Exhale," highlighting the continued demand for stories of black female friendships and experiences.
The discussion suggests that "Waiting to Exhale" has changed the cultural scene by presenting previously unseen mainstream media stories, particularly those about professional suburban Black women. Terry McMillan accomplished the task of writing an authentically Black story with broad mainstream appeal without pandering.
The Book's Influence on Subsequent Works and Media
The conversation around Terry McMillan's work reveals the nuanced challenges faced by Black writers when their narratives intersect with broader racial representations.
Controversy emerged from certain quarters within the Black community over Terry McMillan's novel "Waiting to Exhale," with some men feeling that the book portrayed Black men negatively. This criticism highlights the tension that Black authors often navigate in telling their stories.
Underlining the novel's contentious reception, director Spike Lee saw potential backlash and proactively defended "Waiting to Exhale." He blurbed the book, framing it as a "truthful" and "well-written" account of the volatile relationships between Black men and Black women. His preemptive defense suggests awareness of the delicate balance between telling a compelling story and facing criticism over representation.
In an interview with Terry Gross on WHYY's Fresh Air, author Terry McMillan articulated her perspective. She emphasized that the characters and stories within "Waiting to Exhale" reflect her creative vision and that she was not endeavouring to represent all Black people. McMillan made it clear that she anticipated criticism and stood prepared to address it, signaling her resolve to uphold her literary work despite potential controversies.
Terry McMillan's stance illuminates the unique pressures faced by marginalized creators to defend their narratives against expectations that their work should reflect their entire community.
Critical Reception and Author's Response
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