Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, two music biographies intersect: one chronicling the formation and dissolution of The Cars, and another examining Tupac Shakur's life and impact. The Cars' story follows the partnership between Rick Ocasek and Ben Orr, from their teenage meeting through their rise to MTV stardom, while exploring how internal tensions and management decisions led to the band's eventual breakup.

The episode also delves into Tupac's complex relationship with his mother, a former Black Panther member, and his partnership with Death Row Records. Both stories examine how image and public perception shaped these artists' careers—The Cars through their pioneering music videos and careful image control, and Tupac through the contrast between his "thug life" persona and social consciousness.

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Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

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Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

1-Page Summary

The Cars: Formation, Rise, Dynamics, and Breakup

The Cars' journey began with the partnership of Rick Ocasek and Ben Orr, who met in Cleveland as teenagers. Ocasek, influenced by artists like Buddy Holly and Bob Dylan, saw potential in Orr's natural musicianship. After experimenting with different musical styles, Ocasek's distinctive songwriting would eventually define the band's signature sound.

Key Supporters and Band Development

Boston DJ Maxanne Sartori played a crucial role in The Cars' early success by promoting their demo reel and recommending drummer David Robinson. The band also collaborated with Devo's Jerry Casali on innovative music videos before MTV's emergence.

Internal Dynamics and Eventual Breakup

As the band's popularity grew, tensions emerged due to Rick Ocasek's increasing control. Ocasek wrote most songs and retained profitable publishing rights, while the cessation of touring impacted other members' earnings. The situation worsened under manager Elliot Roberts' leadership style, ultimately leading to the band's breakup in 1988.

Tupac Shakur's Life and Legacy

Tupac's life was deeply influenced by his mother, Afeni Shakur, a former Black Panther member. Their relationship was complex, marked by her later struggle with crack addiction. In 1995, Suge Knight of Death Row Records paid Tupac's $1.4 million bail, leading to a partnership that produced successful music but pushed Tupac toward a more aggressive image. Tragically, Tupac's life ended at 25 following a violent altercation in Las Vegas.

The Role of Image and Perception

The Cars mastered the emerging medium of music television, winning MTV's first Video of the Year award in 1984. Rick Ocasek's careful control over the band's image contributed significantly to their success. Meanwhile, Tupac's public persona was shaped by his upbringing and personal experiences, creating a complex image that balanced his "thug life" reputation with his socially conscious aspirations. His connection to Death Row Records further influenced this duality in his artistic expression.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your musical roots by creating a playlist that traces the influences of your favorite artists, much like Rick Ocasek was influenced by Buddy Holly and Bob Dylan. Start by selecting songs from the artists you admire, then research interviews or articles where they mention their inspirations. Add those influences to your playlist and discover the evolution of sounds that shaped the music you love today.
  • Reflect on your partnerships and collaborations by writing a "band history" of your own life. Consider the people who have significantly influenced your personal or professional growth, akin to how Rick Ocasek recognized Ben Orr's potential. Document these relationships and the roles they played, noting how each person contributed to your current "soundtrack" – the person you are today.
  • Use storytelling to capture complex relationships in your life, inspired by the multifaceted connection between Tupac and Afeni Shakur. Write a short story or create a visual art piece that represents a challenging yet influential relationship in your life. This exercise can help you process emotions and perhaps gain a new perspective on the relationship's impact on your personal development.

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Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

The Cars: Formation, Rise, Dynamics, and Breakup

The band The Cars, known for their unique sound and influential music videos, underwent a remarkable journey from formation to rise, through internal dynamics, and ultimately to their breakup.

Cars' Origins and Early Development as a Band

Ocasek and Orr Formed the Nucleus of the Cars

Rick Ocasek and Ben Orr's partnership formed the core of The Cars. They met in Cleveland when they were about 18 or 19 years old. Ocasek was ambitious and driven, with his appreciation for music shaped by influences like Buddy Holly, Bob Dylan, and Velvet Underground. Ocasek saw Orr, who was of Russian Orthodox background, as a natural musician and singer. Before establishing their signature style, the band experimented with being a folk trio and jazz rock band, but it was Ocasek's distinct songwriting that ultimately led to the creation of The Cars.

Key Role of Early Supporters and Collaborators in the Cars' Success

Dj Maxanne Sartori Crucially Helped the Cars Get Heard and Secure a Record Deal

Legendary Boston DJ Maxanne Sartori played an indispensable role in The Cars’ early success. She heavily promoted the band's demo reel on the radio, which paved the way for them to be discovered and secure a record deal. Sartori also advised the band to add drummer David Robinson from the Modern Lovers, and Elliot Easton later acknowledged her contributions during The Cars' Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony.

Collaboration With Devo's Jerry Casali Aided the Band's Early Music Videos

In the era before MTV made music videos ubiquitous, The Cars were already innovating in this space, working with visionaries like Jerry Casale from the band Devo. Their collaboration led to some of the band's early and influential music videos.

Band's Internal Dynamics and Rick Ocasek's Growing Control

Ocasek's Control Caused Tensions as Other Band Members Felt Marginalized

As The Cars grew more popular, Rick Ocasek’s increasing control over the band led to internal tensions. His dominance was symbolized in a music video in which the band members appeared as tiny figures on a bar of soap. Ocasek penned virtually all the band’s songs, and the stop in touring negatively impacted other members' earnings. Moreover, Greg Hawkes co-wrote a few songs with Ocasek, but most of the profitable publishing rights went solely to Ocasek, further exacerbating inequality within the group. ...

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The Cars: Formation, Rise, Dynamics, and Breakup

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore local music history by visiting places where famous bands like The Cars got their start, such as clubs or recording studios, to gain a deeper appreciation for the music scene's evolution.
  • By understanding the roots and the journey of influential bands, you can better appreciate the cultural and historical context of the music you enjoy. For example, if you live in Cleveland, you might visit the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame or local venues where The Cars may have played before they became famous.
  • Create a playlist of bands that have undergone significant style changes to explore the evolution of their sound, similar to how The Cars experimented with different genres.
  • This activity can help you appreciate the creative process and the risks artists take to find their unique voice. Start with early tracks from a band and follow their progression to their most recent work, noting the shifts in style and instrumentation.
  • Engage in discussions with friends or online communities about the dynamics of suc ...

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Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

Tupac Shakur: Upbringing, Relationships, and Circumstances of Death

Tupac Shakur's life story is complex and deeply intertwined with his familial relationships, associations within the music industry, and the violence that surrounded him, ending his promising career and life too soon.

Tupac's Complicated Relationship With His Mother, Afeni Shakur

Tupac Shakur's early life was greatly influenced by his mother, Afeni Shakur, who had a past as a member of the Black Panther Party. She was part of the Panther 21 and successfully fought her case in court while pregnant with Tupac, which greatly inspired him. However, Afeni later succumbed to crack addiction, which heartbreakingly affected Tupac personally. An incident when Tupac was 19 where Afeni used his plane ticket money to buy crack epitomized the complex relationship between the reverence he held for her and the harsh reality of her addiction.

Tupac's Association With Death Row Records

In 1995, while incarcerated, Tupac was bailed out through the financial help of Suge Knight, the founder of Death Row Records, who paid Tupac's $1.4 million bail. This act of support turned out to be pivotal, as Tupac then signed with Death Row and created the commercially successful "All Eyez On Me." Suge Knight provided Tupac with top-notch musical opportunities but simultaneously pushed him to embody 'thug life' and shifted his artistic output and persona away from the socially conscious themes of his earlier work.

The Tragic Circumstances Surrounding Tupac's Death

The death of Tupac Shakur occurred after a violent altercation in L ...

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Tupac Shakur: Upbringing, Relationships, and Circumstances of Death

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Reflect on the influence of your own family history by creating a personal timeline that highlights key events and people who have shaped your life. Just like Tupac's life was shaped by his mother's activism and struggles, you can gain insight into how your family's past has impacted your values and choices. Start by jotting down significant family events and characteristics, then consider how these have influenced your own path.
  • Write and perform a piece of art, such as a poem or song, that captures your personal experiences and societal observations. Tupac used his music to express his life and views; similarly, you can channel your thoughts and feelings into a creative outlet. This can be a therapeutic way to process your experiences and share your perspective with others.
  • Volunteer with a local organization that works to prevent viole ...

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Music biographies 'The Cars,' 'Only God Can Judge Me' balance greatness and tragedy

Perception and Image in The Cars' and Tupac Shakur's Success

Public perception and image have played critical roles in shaping the success of both The Cars and Tupac Shakur in their respective musical eras.

Visual Representation & Music Videos' Impact on Public Perception of the Cars

The Cars' Music Videos, Including MTV's First Video of the Year Winner, Shaped Their Image and Sound

The Cars leveraged the emerging medium of music television to cement their place in the annals of rock history. MTV, in its nascent stage, was pivotal to the band's success. Their innovative music videos not only influenced public perception but also became entwined with the auditory experience of their music. The Cars' accomplishments in this arena were highlighted when they won MTV's first Video of the Year award in 1984, recognizing their mastery of combining sound with visual aesthetics.

Aesthetic and Rick Ocasek's Control Over the Band's Image Fueled Their Success

The frontman of The Cars, Rick Ocasek, was particular about the band’s image, which played a significant part in their widespread appeal. The aesthetic of their videos and the control Ocasek exerted over how the band was portrayed visually were key components of The Cars' successful image management and marketability.

Tupac’s Personal Life and Image Shaping His Thug and Gangsta Rapper Persona

Tupac's Upbringing: His Mother's Black Panther Ties, Exposure to Violence and Drugs Shaped His Art and Image

Tupac Shakur’s upbringing and personal experiences deeply influenced his art and public image. With a mother who had ties to the Black Panther Party and a childhood steeped in the harsh realities of violence and drugs, Tupac's background lent authenticity to his thug and g ...

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Perception and Image in The Cars' and Tupac Shakur's Success

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • While The Cars were pioneers in using music videos to enhance their image, it could be argued that their music alone, independent of their videos, was strong enough to ensure their success.
  • The assertion that Rick Ocasek's control over The Cars' image was a significant factor in their appeal could be countered by suggesting that the collective talent and chemistry of the band members were equally, if not more, important.
  • Tupac's image as a thug and gangsta rapper might overshadow the depth and variety of his work, which also includes introspective and emotionally vulnerable songs that don't fit neatly into the gangsta rap stereotype.
  • The idea that Tupac's upbringing and personal experiences solely shaped his art and image could be challenged by recognizing the role of artistic choice and agency in his work, suggesting that he crafted his persona with a broader narrative intent beyond his personal history.
  • The focus on Tupac's ties to Death Row Rec ...

Actionables

  • You can create a personal brand that aligns with your story by reflecting on your background and experiences, then choosing visual and verbal elements that represent this narrative. For instance, if you grew up in a multicultural neighborhood, you might incorporate diverse cultural symbols into your brand's logo or tagline to resonate with others from similar backgrounds.
  • Enhance your online presence by curating content that showcases a multifaceted persona, much like Tupac's duality. Start a blog or social media account where you share insights on your professional expertise alongside your advocacy for social issues, demonstrating a balance between your career and personal values.
  • Develop a signature style or theme for ...

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