Podcasts > NPR's Book of the Day > In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, author Isabel Cañas discusses how her novel challenges traditional haunted house tropes by grounding supernatural elements in the social and historical context of post-independence Mexico. Drawing from her personal experiences with the supernatural, Cañas explains how she developed her protagonist Beatriz, who faces both supernatural and societal constraints in her new marriage.

The discussion explores how the novel weaves together Catholic and indigenous spiritual traditions through characters like Padre Andrés, whose practices reflect the cultural fusion of the era. Cañas also describes how supernatural terror in the story serves as an equalizer, breaking down social barriers between characters of different classes and creating unexpected alliances among those facing the haunting.

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Oct 30, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

1-Page Summary

Haunted House Genre and how Novel Subverts Tropes

Modern narratives like "The Hacienda" are challenging traditional haunted house conventions by grounding supernatural elements in realistic social and historical contexts. Unlike typical haunted house stories where characters inexplicably stay despite danger, the protagonist Beatriz's confinement is rooted in genuine social and financial constraints, making her situation more relatable to readers. The story uniquely explores how supernatural terror acts as an equalizer, erasing social divides between characters of different classes in post-independence Mexico.

The Author's Personal Experiences That Influenced the Story

Isabel Cañas draws from her own encounters with the supernatural to craft her narrative. As a child, she experienced an unsettling presence in her basement, which later influenced her storytelling. The first chapter of "The Hacienda" was inspired by a thunderstorm during her 2019 Mexico City honeymoon, where the atmospheric conditions sparked a compelling narrative voice.

The Historical and Cultural Context of Post-Independence Mexico

The novel is set in the aftermath of the Mexican War of Independence, a period marked by social upheaval, colonialism, and racial caste systems. Cañas weaves together Catholic and indigenous traditions through characters like Padre Andrés, who embodies the blend of European and indigenous witchcraft, reflecting the broader cultural fusion of post-independence Mexican society.

The Characterization and Development of the Protagonist Beatriz

In an interview with Ayesha Rascoe, Cañas presents Beatriz as a departure from the typical passive Gothic heroine. As the daughter of a general, Beatriz approaches her supernatural encounters with determination rather than victimhood. The haunting leads to unexpected solidarity between Beatriz and the estate workers, breaking down social barriers as they face a common threat.

The Interweaving of Catholicism and Indigenous Spirituality

Cañas was particularly drawn to Mexico's unique blend of Catholic and indigenous beliefs. This spiritual fusion is embodied in the character of Padre Andrés, whose mestizo heritage and practice of witchcraft represent the harmonious combination of European and indigenous spiritual traditions.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore the intersection of history and the supernatural by writing a short story that weaves together a historical event you're interested in with a supernatural twist. For example, if you're fascinated by the Industrial Revolution, imagine how a ghost from that era might interact with the modern world, highlighting the contrast between past and present societal issues.
  • Dive into your cultural heritage by researching folklore and myths that are unique to your background, then create a piece of art or a journal entry that represents how these stories have shaped your understanding of the world. If your family has roots in a particular region known for its legends, such as the Scottish Highlands, you could illustrate a scene from a tale you discover or write about how this legend has influenced local customs.
  • Build empathy and understanding across social divides by initiating conversations with people from different backgrounds about their experiences with the supernatural or unexplained. This could be as simple as asking a coworker about any ghost stories they grew up with or discussing with a neighbor how cultural beliefs have impacted their view of the world, fostering a sense of shared humanity through these universal experiences.

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

Haunted House Genre and how Novel Subverts Tropes

The haunted house genre is ripe with familiar patterns, but modern narratives, like "The Hacienda," are taking strides to subvert these expectations and anchor the paranormal in more realistic social and historical settings.

Characters Leaving Haunted Houses Unrealistic Trope

Protagonist Beatriz Trapped In Haunted House by Limited Options and Social Constraints, Making Haunting Relatable

In many haunted house stories, the trope of characters not leaving the malevolent dwelling often strains credulity; however, "The Hacienda" approaches this differently. The protagonist, Beatriz, is confined within the haunted house not simply by ignorance or disbelief in the supernatural, but by her limited options and social constraints, which makes her situation and the haunting much more relatable to the reader. Beatriz's entrapment is symbolic, reflecting many real-world scenarios in which individuals feel powerless to leave oppressive or harmful environments due to cultural, financial, or familial pressures.

The Hacienda Examines Haunted Houses In Post-Independence Mexico's Social and Historical Context

Haunting Erases Social Divides Between Beatriz, Her Sister-In-law, and Workers Under a Malicious Supernatural Force

"The Hacienda" dives into the haunted house narrative by situating it within the specific social and historical context of post-independenc ...

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Haunted House Genre and how Novel Subverts Tropes

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The notion that characters not leaving haunted houses is an unrealistic trope may be an oversimplification, as the decision to stay can be driven by various believable factors, such as financial constraints, emotional ties, or ignorance of the danger.
  • While "The Hacienda" may make the haunting more relatable by tying it to social and historical contexts, some readers might find that this approach detracts from the escapist and purely supernatural elements that they seek in haunted house stories.
  • The idea that the haunting erases social divides and acts as a great equalizer could be seen as an idealized perspective that oversimplifies complex social dynamics and historical inequalities.
  • Arguing that Beatriz's entrapment is symbolic and relatable might not resonate with all readers, particularly if they feel that the character's actions still lack sufficient motivation or depth.
  • The claim that "The Hacienda" subverts genre expectations might be contested by those who argue that the novel still adheres to many traditional haunted house conventions, even if it presents them in a new context.
  • The interpretation that the ghostly presence reflects societal upheaval and transformations could be seen as a subjective ...

Actionables

  • You can explore the history of your own community by visiting local landmarks and considering how they might be the setting for a modern narrative that subverts expectations. For example, if there's an old mansion or historical building in your town, research its history and imagine a story that places it at the center of a contemporary social issue, much like "The Hacienda" does with its setting.
  • Create a short story or piece of creative writing that places characters with different social backgrounds in a shared, unusual situation, similar to how "The Hacienda" unites characters across social hierarchies. This exercise can help you understand and empathize with people from different walks of life and consider how external pressures can bring diverse grou ...

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

The Author's Personal Experiences That Influenced the Story

Isabel Cañas recounts how her own eerie experiences and travels have fed into crafting her narrative, transforming personal encounters into spine-tingling fiction.

Cañas' Creepy Basement Experience Inspired Her Haunted House Story

As a child, Isabel Cañas often found herself in a situation that would chill any youngster to the bone, and this experience served as a foundation for her haunted house story. Around the tender age of five, she lived in a house where the basement exuded an air of discomfort, a sensation she couldn't shake off. Misbehavior occasionally led to her being sent to sit at the bottom of the basement stairs, a punishment which unwittingly became a time for her to contemplate the unsettling presence she felt lurking there.

Cañas Sensed an Unsettling Presence in the Basement, Fueling Imagination

Isabel Cañas shares candidly about how this dark, quiet corner of her childhood home became the fuel for her vivid imagination. The creepy basement experience, where she sensed an alarming presence, was a catalyst for the haunted elements that would later weave into her storytelling.

Inspired by a Mexico City Honeymoon Trip

The roots of Cañas' narrative also trace back to a honeymoon that brought her inspiratio ...

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The Author's Personal Experiences That Influenced the Story

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Turn your personal spaces into inspiration hotspots by decorating them with items that evoke memories or feelings you want to channel into your creative work. For instance, if a particular vacation left a strong impression on you, display souvenirs or photos from that trip in your workspace to spark ideas.
  • Create a sensory memory bank by recording or writing down vivid experiences right after they happen. If you feel a rush of inspiration during a thunderstorm, jot down what you see, hear, and feel in as much detail as possible. Later, use these notes to infuse your projects with authentic sensory details.
  • Engage in "setting immersion" by sp ...

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

The Historical and Cultural Context of Post-Independence Mexico

The period following the Mexican War of Independence serves as a rich backdrop for exploring the intricate social and political changes in post-colonial Mexico.

Set During the Mexican War of Independence, a Time of Social and Political Upheaval

Seeds of Conflict: Colonialism, Colorism, Racial Caste System

The novel by Cañas is set right after the Mexican War of Independence, an era steeped in social conflict stemming from issues like colonialism, colorism, and a deeply ingrained racial caste system. The author highlights how individuals of mixed heritage, during this period of immense change, faced significant obstacles in social advancement. The aftermath of the war saw Beatriz's father arrested and executed, placing personal tragedy against the backdrop of a transformative moment in the nation's history.

Cañas Blends Catholicism With Mexican Indigenous Traditions

Padre Andrés Blends European and Indigenous Witchcraft

In this time of historical upheaval, the synthesis o ...

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The Historical and Cultural Context of Post-Independence Mexico

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your family tree to understand your own cultural heritage and how historical events may have shaped it. By researching your ancestors and the times they lived in, you might discover parallels with the post-independence Mexican society, such as cultural intermixing or overcoming social obstacles. Use online genealogy platforms or visit local archives to start piecing together your family's past.
  • Create a personal art project that combines elements from different cultures you identify with or are interested in. This could be a collage, a mixed-media painting, or a digital artwork that visually represents the blending of traditions, similar to the synthesis of Old World and New World traditions. Share your creation on social media to engage with others on the topic of cultural intermixing.
  • Reflect on ...

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

The Characterization and Development of the Protagonist Beatriz

Beatriz: A Fighter, Not a Passive Gothic Heroine

In an interview with Ayesha Rascoe, Isabel Cañas distinguishes Beatriz as a unique Gothic heroine, one who is a fighter rather than a victim. The protagonist's determined nature is deeply rooted in her lineage and personal drive, as Beatriz firmly states that she is the daughter of a general and will not go down without a fight. This characterization implies that instead of succumbing to her circumstances, Beatriz's will to survive is activated, enabling her to confront and address the haunting and supernatural forces with which she is confronted.

Haunting Reveals Shared Humanity, Breaking Social Barriers For Beatriz and Estate Workers

Beatriz Identifies With Villagers Under Malicious Threat

Beatriz's experiences at the estate lead to an unexpected solidarity with the villagers. The malicious threat that they collectively face blurs the lines of their societal roles, indicating a development in Beatriz's character as she recognizes their shared humanity. Cañas suggests that the haunting becomes a catalyst for Beatriz, placing her on the same battleground as the estate workers and urging her to fight alongside them. This shift in Beatriz's perception shatters the traditional barriers between her and other characters, underpinning her journey of identifying with the villagers and thriving beyond her initial role as ...

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The Characterization and Development of the Protagonist Beatriz

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • You can explore your family history to understand the strengths you've inherited and how they've shaped your resilience. Start by creating a family tree and noting any stories of perseverance and determination you've heard about relatives. This can give you a sense of belonging to a lineage of strength, which you can draw upon in challenging times.
  • Develop a habit of daily reflection to recognize and celebrate your personal growth through challenges. Keep a journal where you document not just the difficulties you face but also how you respond to them, the strategies you employ, and the lessons you learn. This practice can help you see your evolution over time and reinforce your ability to adapt and thrive.
  • Create a support network by connecting with others who share common challen ...

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In 'The Hacienda,' the protagonist is trapped in a haunted house – and her marriage

The Interweaving of Catholicism and Indigenous Spirituality

Cañas Was Drawn To the Mix of Catholic and Indigenous Beliefs in Mexico

Reflection of Multi-Ancestry in Padre Andrés' Character

The syncretic fusion of European Catholicism and indigenous beliefs existing in Mexico captivated Cañas. She vividly captures this harmonious coalescence through the character of Padre Andrés, who is of mestizo descent. ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

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The Interweaving of Catholicism and Indigenous Spirituality

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore your own cultural heritage by creating a personal fusion recipe that blends flavors from different aspects of your ancestry. If you have a mixed heritage, research traditional dishes from each culture and experiment with combining ingredients or cooking techniques to make a new dish that represents your unique background.
  • Craft a visual representation of your cultural fusion by designing a piece of artwork or a digital collage. Use symbols, colors, and patterns that are significant to the different cultures in your lineage. This could be a painting, a digital graphic, or even a small sculpture that you feel embodies the blend of your cultural roots.
  • Write a short story or poem that we ...

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