In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, author Isabel Cañas discusses how her novel challenges traditional haunted house tropes by grounding supernatural elements in the social and historical context of post-independence Mexico. Drawing from her personal experiences with the supernatural, Cañas explains how she developed her protagonist Beatriz, who faces both supernatural and societal constraints in her new marriage.
The discussion explores how the novel weaves together Catholic and indigenous spiritual traditions through characters like Padre Andrés, whose practices reflect the cultural fusion of the era. Cañas also describes how supernatural terror in the story serves as an equalizer, breaking down social barriers between characters of different classes and creating unexpected alliances among those facing the haunting.

Sign up for Shortform to access the whole episode summary along with additional materials like counterarguments and context.
Modern narratives like "The Hacienda" are challenging traditional haunted house conventions by grounding supernatural elements in realistic social and historical contexts. Unlike typical haunted house stories where characters inexplicably stay despite danger, the protagonist Beatriz's confinement is rooted in genuine social and financial constraints, making her situation more relatable to readers. The story uniquely explores how supernatural terror acts as an equalizer, erasing social divides between characters of different classes in post-independence Mexico.
Isabel Cañas draws from her own encounters with the supernatural to craft her narrative. As a child, she experienced an unsettling presence in her basement, which later influenced her storytelling. The first chapter of "The Hacienda" was inspired by a thunderstorm during her 2019 Mexico City honeymoon, where the atmospheric conditions sparked a compelling narrative voice.
The novel is set in the aftermath of the Mexican War of Independence, a period marked by social upheaval, colonialism, and racial caste systems. Cañas weaves together Catholic and indigenous traditions through characters like Padre Andrés, who embodies the blend of European and indigenous witchcraft, reflecting the broader cultural fusion of post-independence Mexican society.
In an interview with Ayesha Rascoe, Cañas presents Beatriz as a departure from the typical passive Gothic heroine. As the daughter of a general, Beatriz approaches her supernatural encounters with determination rather than victimhood. The haunting leads to unexpected solidarity between Beatriz and the estate workers, breaking down social barriers as they face a common threat.
Cañas was particularly drawn to Mexico's unique blend of Catholic and indigenous beliefs. This spiritual fusion is embodied in the character of Padre Andrés, whose mestizo heritage and practice of witchcraft represent the harmonious combination of European and indigenous spiritual traditions.
1-Page Summary
The haunted house genre is ripe with familiar patterns, but modern narratives, like "The Hacienda," are taking strides to subvert these expectations and anchor the paranormal in more realistic social and historical settings.
In many haunted house stories, the trope of characters not leaving the malevolent dwelling often strains credulity; however, "The Hacienda" approaches this differently. The protagonist, Beatriz, is confined within the haunted house not simply by ignorance or disbelief in the supernatural, but by her limited options and social constraints, which makes her situation and the haunting much more relatable to the reader. Beatriz's entrapment is symbolic, reflecting many real-world scenarios in which individuals feel powerless to leave oppressive or harmful environments due to cultural, financial, or familial pressures.
"The Hacienda" dives into the haunted house narrative by situating it within the specific social and historical context of post-independenc ...
Haunted House Genre and how Novel Subverts Tropes
Isabel Cañas recounts how her own eerie experiences and travels have fed into crafting her narrative, transforming personal encounters into spine-tingling fiction.
As a child, Isabel Cañas often found herself in a situation that would chill any youngster to the bone, and this experience served as a foundation for her haunted house story. Around the tender age of five, she lived in a house where the basement exuded an air of discomfort, a sensation she couldn't shake off. Misbehavior occasionally led to her being sent to sit at the bottom of the basement stairs, a punishment which unwittingly became a time for her to contemplate the unsettling presence she felt lurking there.
Isabel Cañas shares candidly about how this dark, quiet corner of her childhood home became the fuel for her vivid imagination. The creepy basement experience, where she sensed an alarming presence, was a catalyst for the haunted elements that would later weave into her storytelling.
The roots of Cañas' narrative also trace back to a honeymoon that brought her inspiratio ...
The Author's Personal Experiences That Influenced the Story
The period following the Mexican War of Independence serves as a rich backdrop for exploring the intricate social and political changes in post-colonial Mexico.
The novel by Cañas is set right after the Mexican War of Independence, an era steeped in social conflict stemming from issues like colonialism, colorism, and a deeply ingrained racial caste system. The author highlights how individuals of mixed heritage, during this period of immense change, faced significant obstacles in social advancement. The aftermath of the war saw Beatriz's father arrested and executed, placing personal tragedy against the backdrop of a transformative moment in the nation's history.
In this time of historical upheaval, the synthesis o ...
The Historical and Cultural Context of Post-Independence Mexico
Beatriz: A Fighter, Not a Passive Gothic Heroine
In an interview with Ayesha Rascoe, Isabel Cañas distinguishes Beatriz as a unique Gothic heroine, one who is a fighter rather than a victim. The protagonist's determined nature is deeply rooted in her lineage and personal drive, as Beatriz firmly states that she is the daughter of a general and will not go down without a fight. This characterization implies that instead of succumbing to her circumstances, Beatriz's will to survive is activated, enabling her to confront and address the haunting and supernatural forces with which she is confronted.
Beatriz's experiences at the estate lead to an unexpected solidarity with the villagers. The malicious threat that they collectively face blurs the lines of their societal roles, indicating a development in Beatriz's character as she recognizes their shared humanity. Cañas suggests that the haunting becomes a catalyst for Beatriz, placing her on the same battleground as the estate workers and urging her to fight alongside them. This shift in Beatriz's perception shatters the traditional barriers between her and other characters, underpinning her journey of identifying with the villagers and thriving beyond her initial role as ...
The Characterization and Development of the Protagonist Beatriz
The syncretic fusion of European Catholicism and indigenous beliefs existing in Mexico captivated Cañas. She vividly captures this harmonious coalescence through the character of Padre Andrés, who is of mestizo descent. ...
The Interweaving of Catholicism and Indigenous Spirituality
Download the Shortform Chrome extension for your browser
