In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, author Ken Liu discusses his new novel about artificial intelligence and shared dreaming. The story follows a hacker investigating an artist collective called Onerofex that uses AI technology to create shared dream experiences. Through this narrative frame, Liu explores how AI systems mirror and amplify human cognitive patterns, drawing parallels between AI and literary figures like Frankenstein's monster.
Drawing from his background as both a programmer and lawyer, Liu approaches storytelling as a form of programming that uses symbols to achieve specific outcomes. Rather than trying to predict the future of AI, he focuses on creating mythology around emerging technology while examining how human thought processes influence the technological world we build.

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Ken Liu's latest novel explores the relationship between artificial intelligence and human nature through the story of Julia Z, a hacker investigating the disappearance of an artist from the mysterious "Onerofex" collective. The collective uses AI to create shared dreamscapes, while Julia battles both external challenges and internal demons that Liu hints will play significant roles in future series installments.
Rather than attempting to predict AI's future, Liu sees his role as creating mythology around emerging AI technology. He draws parallels between AI systems and Frankenstein's monster, suggesting that like the creature learning from human literature, AI reflects and amplifies human cognitive patterns. Through this lens, Liu crafts narratives that encourage readers to think deeply about technology's societal impact.
The Onerofex artists pioneer a unique form of performance art by using AI to read audience moods and guide them into shared dream states. Liu emphasizes the significance of dreams, arguing that despite society's skepticism, they reveal our core values and deepest aspirations, such as the collective notion of the American dream.
Liu's experience as both a programmer and lawyer shapes his approach to storytelling. He views stories as a form of "original programming," using systems of symbols to produce desired outcomes. In his fiction, Liu explores how human mental patterns manifest as technology, suggesting that our internal thought processes directly influence the technological world we create.
1-Page Summary
Ken Liu's "All That We See or Seem" is a novel that delves into the complexities of artificial intelligence and its interplay with human nature.
Ken Liu presents a vision of AI that neither descends into dystopia nor ascends into utopia. Instead, he suggests that AI will amplify our own human tendencies. The narrative explores how artificial intelligence reflects the human condition and potentially magnifies both our virtues and our vices.
In the story, protagonist Julia Z, a hacker, becomes involved in the mystery surrounding the disappearance of an artist known as "Onerofex." The "Onerofex" artists employ artificial intelligence to create shared dreamscapes, adding layers of complexity to Julia Z's investigatio ...
Premise and Themes of Ken Liu's "All That We See or Seem"
Ken Liu believes that his role as a sci-fi writer involves shaping mythology around emerging AI technology rather than forecasting its precise future. Through his stories, Liu offers readers conceptual frameworks that provoke thoughtful consideration of AI's potential societal impact.
By crafting a mythology of the future, Liu helps his audience engage thoughtfully with the idea of AI. This myth-making serves as a means to ask provocative questions about technology's role in humanity's path forward, much as "Frankenstein" prompts discussions about the ethics and implications of new technologies.
Ken Liu points out that AI can reflect and amplify both the positive and n ...
Ken Liu's Nuanced Depiction of Ai in Fiction
A group of artists known as Onerofex are pioneering a new form of performance art by harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to tap into the collective unconscious.
Onerofex artists utilize AI to read the mood of the audience, facilitating a unique collective experience by guiding them into a shared dream state. Ellie, a dream guide character from a book, symbolizes this novel art form in a fictional world where AI is deeply integrated into everyday life.
Through their performances, Onerofex artists explore the collective unconscious, an uncharted territory of the human mind that holds the potential for new insights and understandings through the medium of dreams.
The visionary behind this concept, Liu delves ...
Onerofex: Using AI to Guide Collective Dreams
Ken Liu’s background in programming and law profoundly informs his approach to speculative fiction writing, using his experience in system-building to create intricate story worlds.
Liu's career as a programmer allowed him to see the world through a particular lens. He came to understand the world as a collection of symbols that, when arranged correctly, can produce desired outcomes. Later, as he transitioned into the legal field, his perspective shifted, but the fundamental principle remained. He began working with different symbols and rules systems to arrange words in contracts and legal arguments.
Through these experiences, Liu came to see stories as akin to the original programming code or contract. He believes that stories are the means through which humanity can comprehend and engage with the universe.
In his speculative fiction work, Liu explores the concept that human mental patterns are not only mental construct ...
How Ken Liu's Programmer and Lawyer Background Influenced His Speculative Fiction Writing
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