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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

By NPR (podcasts@npr.org)

In this episode of NPR's Book of the Day, Victoria Redel discusses her novel "I Am You," which explores the relationship between Dutch Golden Age painter Maria van Oosterweek and her maid-turned-artist Goetha-Peters. The historical record shows that these two unmarried women lived and worked together in an era when female artists faced significant professional barriers, including exclusion from all-male painters' guilds.

Based on her research in Amsterdam, Redel imagines the complex dynamic between the two women, examining how their relationship evolved from companionship to a mix of devotion and artistic rivalry. Through their story, the book addresses broader themes about women's ambition, power dynamics in close relationships, and the particular challenges faced by female artists in 17th-century Europe, including restrictions on subject matter and the physical demands of paint-making.

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

This is a preview of the Shortform summary of the Oct 16, 2025 episode of the NPR's Book of the Day

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

1-Page Summary

Maria Van Oosterweek and Goetha-Peters: Historical Context and Facts

Maria van Oosterweek was a renowned 17th-century Dutch painter whose works were sold throughout Europe. Despite her success, she faced significant obstacles as a female artist, including exclusion from the all-male painter's guild that controlled trade and artistic opportunities. She specialized in vanitas still life paintings, which often featured symbolic items like skulls to represent life's transience.

Goetha-Peters initially joined Maria's workshop as a maid but eventually became a recognized painter herself. While their exact relationship remains unclear due to limited historical documentation, their artistic collaboration left a lasting impact on the art world.

The Author's Creative Process

Victoria Redel discovered Maria van Oosterweek's story in Amsterdam and was intrigued by the unusual arrangement of two unmarried women painters living together during the Dutch Golden Age. Through her research, Redel came to believe that Maria and Goetha-Peters might have been lovers, leading her to craft a romantic narrative in her book "I Am You."

Relationship Dynamics

In Redel's interpretation, Maria and Goetha's relationship evolves from close companionship to a complex dynamic marked by devotion and rivalry. As Goetha's artistic skills develop, their relationship becomes strained by power struggles, with Maria asserting her dominance as the established artist. Redel uses the act of paint mixing as a metaphor for their intimate connection, describing it as a shared, sacred language between the two women.

Themes of Women's Ambition and Relationships

Redel portrays Maria and Goetha with the same complexity typically reserved for male painters, exploring the challenges faced by ambitious women artists in 17th-century Europe. These challenges included physical demands of paint-making, exclusion from professional guilds, and restrictions on subject matter. Through their story, Redel examines universal themes of love, power, and envy in long-term female relationships, set against the constraints of their historical period.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore historical fiction writing by creating short stories that reimagine the lives of lesser-known figures from the past. Start by researching a historical period that interests you, find a figure with little to no recognition, and write a narrative that fills in the gaps of their story, much like the speculated relationship between Maria and Goetha-Peters.
  • Develop an appreciation for historical art forms by trying your hand at creating a vanitas still life. Use modern objects that symbolize the same themes of mortality and vanity, such as digital gadgets, to draw parallels between 17th-century themes and contemporary life.
  • Reflect on the dynamics of mentorship and rivalry in your own relationships by journaling about experiences where you've felt both supportive and competitive. This can help you understand and navigate complex emotions in personal and professional relationships, akin to the evolving relationship between Maria and Goetha-Peters.

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

Maria Van Oosterweek and Goetha-Peters: Historical Context and Facts

Maria Van Oosterweek, a Renowned 17th-Century Dutch Painter, Was Barred From Joining the All-male Painter's Guild

Maria van Oosterweek emerged as a world-renowned Dutch painter in the 17th century. Despite the fame she garnered for her artwork, which was sold throughout Europe, she faced the obstacle common to female artists of her era: she was never permitted to join the all-male guild of Dutch artists.

Famous for Paintings Sold Across Europe Despite Female Artist Obstacles

These professional organizations controlled the trade and offered significant benefits to their members. However, women were often excluded from these guilds, limiting their training and selling opportunities. Despite these barriers, Maria van Oosterweek made a name for herself with her still life paintings, known as vanitas. These artworks frequently served as a reminder of the transience of life and were highly sought after by merchants. The paintings often included symbolic items such as skulls to convey their deeper message.

Goetha-Peters: Painter and Collaborator in Maria's Workshop

Maria's Marital Status and Relationship With Goetha-Peters Unclear

Gerta, also known as Goetha-Peters, initially joined Maria van Oosterweek's workshop as ...

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Maria Van Oosterweek and Goetha-Peters: Historical Context and Facts

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore the impact of historical gender barriers by researching local historical figures in your community. Dive into your town's archives or visit a local museum to uncover stories of women who, like Maria, faced and overcame societal challenges in their professions. This can give you a personal connection to the broader historical narrative and inspire you to support gender equality initiatives.
  • Create a modern-day vanitas using everyday objects to reflect on life's transience. Gather items that symbolize different aspects of life, such as technology for connectivity or a plant for growth, and arrange them into a still-life composition. Photograph your arrangement and share it on social media to engage with others on the theme of life's fleeting nature.
  • Foster collaboration by partnering wit ...

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

Author's Creative Process and Choices in Fictionalizing Story

Victoria Redel delves into the lives of two artists from the Dutch Golden Age, Maria Van Oosterweek and Goetha-Peters, weaving a fictional tale of romance and artistic passion through meticulous research and creative interpretation.

Victoria Redell, Inspired by Maria Van Oosterweek in an Amsterdam Book, Researched Maria and Goetha-Peters

Victoria Redel stumbled upon Maria van Oosterweek's name mentioned as a forgotten artist whose works had been sold across Europe. This brief mention sparked Redel's curiosity, and she embarked on a journey to research both Maria and her companion Goetha-Peters, two unmarried women living together in an era when such an arrangement was highly unusual for women, let alone women painters.

Redell Fictionalizes Tale of two Unmarried Women

Through her research into Maria and Goetha-Peters, Redel came to believe it was plausible that the two women were lovers. Understanding the societal restraints and the taboos on homosexuality during the Dutch Golden Age, Redel found herself imagining a deeper connection between the two women.

In "I Am You", Redell Pairs Maria and Goetha-Peters Romantically, While Goetha Thrives As a Painter

In he ...

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Author's Creative Process and Choices in Fictionalizing Story

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Dive into historical fiction writing by creating a short story that reimagines the lives of lesser-known historical figures. Start by researching a period you're interested in, find a couple of obscure individuals from that era, and then weave a narrative that brings them together in an unexpected way, much like Redel did with her characters.
  • Explore art history through a creative lens by sketching your interpretation of a fictional scene involving historical artists. Choose a famous artist and imagine them in a contemporary setting or interacting with modern-day issues. This exercise can help you understand the societal impact of art across different eras.
  • Engage with local his ...

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

Maria and Goetha: Romantic/Sexual and Power Dynamics

Victoria Redell's characters Maria and Goetha portray a romantic, intricate, and dynamic relationship that intertwines with their artistic pursuits.

Redell Depicts Maria and Goetha's Relationship As Intimate, Devoted, and Rivalrous

Redell paints a vivid image of the relationship between Maria and Goetha as one that evolves from close companionship to an evolving rivalry colored with jealousy.

Goetha's Skills Grow; a Power Struggle Emerges, With Maria Asserting Her Dominance as the Established Artist

Initially, we see an environment in which Goetha is deeply devoted, painting right next to Maria, to a point where she can feel Maria's breath on her neck—a metaphor for their closeness and possibly, Goetha's sense of being overshadowed. Goetha admires Maria and holds a profound belief in her greatness as an artist. Nonetheless, as Goetha's talent burgeons, a power dynamic takes a prominent place in their relationship. Maria responds to the shifting power balance with a measure of unkindness. Redell suggests that the complexities of navigating success as women painters—given the expectations and limitations of their time—add increasing strain and secrecy to both their personal and professional interactions.

17th-Century Dutch Painting in Maria and Goetha's Relationship

Redell explores the role of 17th-century Dutch painting to reflect Maria and Goetha's relationship dynamics.

Goetha's Paint Mixing Mirrors the ...

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Maria and Goetha: Romantic/Sexual and Power Dynamics

Additional Materials

Actionables

  • Explore the dynamics of your relationships through art by creating a collaborative piece with someone close to you. Choose a medium that both of you are comfortable with, such as painting or drawing, and work on a single piece together. This activity will help you navigate and express the complexities of your relationship, much like the interplay between Maria and Goetha's artistic and personal bond.
  • Reflect on your personal growth and its impact on your relationships by keeping a journal. Write about instances where you felt a shift in the balance of power or support within a relationship, akin to Maria and Goetha's evolving dynamic. This can help you understand and manage feelings of rivalry or jealousy that may arise.
  • Use symbolism in your daily life t ...

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'I Am You' fictionalizes the story of a Dutch Golden Age painter and her maid

Themes: Women's Ambition, Challenges, Relationships in 17th Century Europe

Redell delivers a thoughtful exploration of what ambition and companionship meant for women like Maria and Goetha, two female artists striving to make their mark in the male-dominated art world of 17th century Europe.

Redell Sought to Give Maria and Goetha the Complexity and Aliveness Usually Given to Male Painters

Determined to provide Maria and Goetha the depth and vigor often reserved for interpretations of ruthless male painters, Redell delves into the realm of what it meant to be a woman with ambition during the Dutch Golden Age. She pays particular attention to the range of challenges that female artists like Maria would face, such as the rigorous physicality involved in the making of paint—grinding substances derived from nature, an activity that demonstrates not only their creativity but also their resilience and determination.

Challenges and Constraints Faced by 17th Century Ambitious Women Artists In Europe

Beyond the act of creation, Redell also sheds light on the societal limitations imposed on women artists at that time. She explains how they were barred from joining the painter’s guild, directly affecting their recognition and professional growth. Furthermore, she points out the restrictions they faced in the subjects they were allowed to paint, with genres like still lifes being deemed appropriate, while other genres were effectively off-limits.

Redell Examined Complexities in Long-Term Female Relationships, Regardless of Intimacy

Redell's narrative weaves through the intricacies of Maria and Goetha's relationship, underscoring the universal themes of love, power, envy, and de ...

Here’s what you’ll find in our full summary

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Themes: Women's Ambition, Challenges, Relationships in 17th Century Europe

Additional Materials

Counterarguments

  • The focus on Maria and Goetha's complexity and aliveness could be seen as anachronistic, projecting modern values onto historical figures without sufficient evidence of their true experiences.
  • The examination of challenges and constraints might overlook the support systems and networks that did exist for women, including patronage and informal education.
  • While societal limitations are highlighted, the text may not fully acknowledge the women who successfully navigated these limitations or the nuances of different European regions regarding women's opportunities in the arts.
  • The exploration of long-term female relationships through the lens of love, power, envy, and devotion might ...

Actionables

  • You can create a visual art piece that represents the struggles and triumphs of women in a historical context by using mixed media to layer historical texts, images of women from the era, and modern symbols of female empowerment. This allows you to explore the themes of love, power, envy, and devotion through a personal lens while connecting to the broader historical narrative.
  • Start a virtual book club focused on novels and biographies of women artists throughout history, ensuring that each selection touches on the themes of societal limitations and personal relationships. This encourages discussion and deeper understanding of the historical context and its relevance to today's challenges faced by women.
  • Write a series of sh ...

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