In this episode of Modern Wisdom, Chris Williamson and William Costello examine the backlash against Sydney Sweeney through the lens of evolutionary psychology and female intrasexual competition. They explore why Sweeney's open appeal to male attention triggers coordinated criticism from other women, discussing concepts like coalitional psychology, sexual economics theory, and how women regulate perceived threats to collective interests.
The conversation extends beyond Sweeney to address broader gender disparities in media attention and societal concern. Williamson and Costello analyze how claims of harm to women receive disproportionate focus compared to documented harms affecting men, particularly in the context of online sports gambling's impact on young men. They discuss the inconsistencies in public discourse around gendered issues and how financial incentives shape commentary on social problems.

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Throughout ancestral history, women evolved sophisticated indirect competition strategies due to the high costs of direct conflict, particularly given their responsibility for offspring wellbeing. Chris Williamson notes that navigating female-dominated social environments requires constant vigilance and nuance.
William Costello explains that Sydney Sweeney triggers particular ire because she openly markets her sexuality to men—posting provocatively with captions like "this is for the boys"—without seeking group approval or assuring other women she's "one of the girls." This behavior flags her as a threat to collective female interests, triggering coordinated condemnation.
Women's evolved competition involves subtle derogation disguised as concern. Costello notes that with Sweeney, these strategies manifest as attacks on her loyalty or moral character, suggesting her value is limited to short-term appeal. Social commentary routinely contests her "long-term mate value," with younger women targeting her promiscuity and older women denigrating her intelligence.
Coalitional psychology in women favors consensus and punishes norm violators. Costello, citing Joyce Benenson's work, describes how men compete via overt hierarchy while women practice "tall poppy syndrome," downplaying accomplishments to avoid exclusion. Williamson recalls how women constantly deflect praise and engage in reciprocal self-deprecation.
Costello observes that women value vocal signals of empathy and group allegiance. Sweeney, having never publicly aligned herself with collective causes or feminist stances, violates these coalition expectations. Instead, she openly signals male-oriented priorities, resulting in coordinated social exclusion.
There's a distinct difference in treatment between Sweeney and artists like Sabrina Carpenter, who self-sexualizes but consistently signals alignment with "the girls" through songs critical of men and support for feminist causes. As Williamson highlights, this alignment marks Carpenter as a safe group member, while Sweeney's open prioritization of male attention earns her condemnation.
Sexual economics theory posits that sexual access is a valuable resource controlled by women, and its "price" is maintained via collective regulation. Costello and Williamson note that if some women offer sexual access at lower "cost," they gain short-term advantage but pressure other women to lower their own standards, undermining long-term commitment strategies.
Because Sweeney is seen as aggressively appealing to male interests and lowering the perceived "cost" of sexual access, women respond with coordinated criticism. Online discourse accuses her of "setting women back a hundred years." Williamson calls this price enforcement mechanism "slut-shaming," which maintains the value of sex as "expensive" and ensures penalties for women who prioritize individual benefit over group cohesion.
William Costello and Chris Williamson explain how mate preferences create zones of fierce intersexual competition. Research cited by Costello demonstrates that women commonly experience jealousy towards younger and more beautiful women, as youth and beauty directly match men's top mate preferences. Sweeney exemplifies a particularly potent threat because she's exceptionally attractive and aggressively markets her sexuality without apparent concern for other women's emotional impact.
On the male side, jealousy revolves around wealth, status, and strength—traits valued by women in the mating marketplace. This divergence in preferred traits structures the nature of same-sex competition.
Williamson and Costello highlight how physical attractiveness operates under sex-specific constraints. For men, attractiveness can be significantly improved through discipline at the gym, signaling effort. Female attractiveness is more tightly tied to youth and genetics, particularly features like breast firmness. Costello references research showing that youthful breast texture signals high reproductive value to men. Sweeney's natural appearance—an "unfair genetic advantage"—becomes a flashpoint for resentment among women who cannot achieve these traits via effort.
Williamson adds that effortless beauty heightens negative feelings because it reminds other women of the limitations of their own "mate value," unlike male muscularity which can be attained through determination.
Williamson asks why "guys' girls" are trusted less by other women. Costello explains that research finds these women viewed with suspicion, as cross-sex friendships often activate mating psychology, suggesting short-term mating strategies rather than long-term female coalitional bonds. Their proximity to possible mates makes them perceived as threats.
Costello points to research demonstrating that women derogate large-breasted women more because large breasts signal short-term mating orientation. Even without overt sexual behavior, women with such traits are assumed to be orienting towards male interests, making them more likely to be derided or isolated. Figures like Sweeney, who neither portray themselves as victims nor advocate for women's causes but instead prioritize what benefits men, are seen as disloyal and untrustworthy within female coalitions.
Chris Williamson and William Costello explore double standards in media responses to gendered claims of harm, particularly regarding a gambling ad featuring Sydney Sweeney.
The controversy around Sweeney's advertisement for Novick Sports Betting illustrates how society fixates on potential damage to women's sports, with critics claiming the ad set women's sports back 40 years. Both Williamson and Costello find these claims absurd, noting that actual harms to men receive minimal attention. Costello cites research showing that legalizing online gambling leads to dramatic increases in debt, bankruptcy, and suicide among young men—measurable harms that are ignored in media discourse focused on supposed symbolic injuries to women.
The outrage over Sweeney's ad is selective—while women criticize sexualization in this context, there's little objection to women openly enjoying male athletes' physiques. This selective outrage suggests objections are driven more by tribal affiliation than coherent principles about harm.
Costello identifies these double standards as manifestations of gamma bias—a tendency to ignore male positivity while amplifying male negativity. Headlines rarely mention gender when men act heroically, despite 95-96% of Carnegie Medal recipients being men. The media erasure of male prosocial behavior contrasts with their readiness to gender male wrongdoing.
The rapid emotional reactions to supposed harms to women are not matched by similar urgency when men are harmed. Sustained outrage over sports betting ads overshadows minimal concern for young men's documented struggles with addiction, suicide, and financial ruin from gambling.
Media narratives consistently position women as prime victims, shaping responses even when claims lack empirical grounding. Instead of sparking dialogue about how gambling ads target and financially exploit young men, discussion fixates on whether the ad sexualizes Sweeney or sets back women's empowerment. Costello concludes that the Sweeney case exemplifies how society spotlights perceived female victimhood while the actual suffering of men remains invisible in public discourse.
William Costello points to research showing that legalized online gambling leads to significant increases in bankruptcy and debt among young men. Chris Williamson underscores that gambling has become accessible 24 hours a day through apps, making predatory practices inescapable. Costello presents alarming statistics: about 30% of young men struggling with gambling have considered suicide, and approximately 13% have attempted it. Despite these numbers, the issue is largely ignored by media and political spheres.
Costello explains that young men are evolutionarily susceptible to gambling addiction. When alternative strategies to increase their "mate value" seem unavailable, they resort to high-risk behaviors seeking rapid advancement—a "fast life history strategy." Williamson adds that many young men see gambling as a route to sudden wealth that could transform their lives.
Costello and Williamson note striking inconsistency among prominent commentators. Conservative critics who regularly warn about pornography and cannabis often remain silent on gambling, even though it produces profound harm. Williamson points out that many such figures now take sponsorship from betting companies like Kalshi, accepting lucrative deals from industries implicated in harming young men—demonstrating that financial incentives often outweigh ideological consistency.
Williamson contrasts this with his own refusal to take gambling sponsorships, despite frequent offers, citing recognition of the harm gambling wreaks on people he knew. This selective moralizing reveals a larger pattern: society finds male victimhood less compelling, and public outrage remains subdued while media prioritizes female harm narratives.
Williamson reflects that critics missed an opportunity to target the real issue: predatory marketing of gambling to young men. Rather than focusing attacks on Sweeney herself, critics could have mounted an unassailable argument against exploitation of male psychological vulnerabilities. Highlighting how gambling promotion drives financial ruin and increased suicidality among men would have moved the conversation onto firm moral ground.
Costello agrees, emphasizing that the real story is how easily public moral attention is manipulated along tribal lines. He contends that media outrage activates more readily for harms to women, relegating exploitation of men to the margins. The discussion underlines how this failure to adopt a principled approach means vulnerable young men continue to be exposed to financial and psychological harms while public debate is diverted by intersexual politics and inconsistently applied outrage.
1-Page Summary
Throughout ancestral history, women bore responsibility for their offspring’s wellbeing. Direct physical conflict and open rivalry risked vital support and safety, making it evolutionarily costly for women to make enemies. As a result, women evolved an adeptness for sophisticated, indirect competition—using subtle social strategies and reading group dynamics precisely. Chris Williamson notes that navigating these intricate social environments, especially in female-dominated settings like schools or workplaces, is complex and burdensome, illustrating how women’s intrasexual tactics require constant vigilance and nuance.
William Costello explains that Sydney Sweeney stirs particular ire because she signals, both to women and men, that she deliberately appeals to the male gaze. Sweeney openly markets her sexuality with actions such as posting provocatively with captions like “this is for the boys,” which cues other women to perceive her as a competitor who is willing to bypass group solidarity for individual advantage. Unlike others who might assure women they're “one of the girls,” Sweeney does not prostrate herself or seek group approval. Costello emphasizes that this behavior flags Sweeney as a threat to collective female interests, triggering coordinated condemnation and social punishment by her female peers.
Women’s evolved mode of competition involves subtle derogation rather than direct insult. Costello notes that women often disguise attacks as concern for another’s wellbeing while secretly striking at traits crucial for mate value. With Sydney Sweeney, these strategies manifest as aspersions on her loyalty (“she would steal your boyfriend”) or moral character, implicitly suggesting to both men and women that her value is limited to short-term appeal, not long-term partnership. Social commentary on Sweeney routinely contests her “long-term mate value,” casting her as disloyal or exclusively sexually valuable. Costello predicts younger women are more likely to target Sweeney’s promiscuity while older women denigrate her intelligence or experience, reflecting shifting axes of value as women age. Further, these derogations reinforce group norms by emphasizing collective over individual interest.
Coalitional psychology in women favors consensus and punishes norm violators. Costello, citing work by Joyce Benenson and others, describes how men compete via overt hierarchy, games, and status, celebrating winners and losers. Women, by contrast, shun conspicuous achievement—practicing “tall poppy syndrome”—to avoid appearing superior and risking group exclusion. Williamson recalls how women constantly deflect praise, minimize achievements, and engage in reciprocal self-deprecation (“I just got lucky,” “I look terrible; nothing like you”) during both in-person interactions and on social media.
Costello observes that women value vocal signals of empathy and group allegiance. Refusing to reciprocate self-disclosure or downplay vulnerabilities marks an individual as an outsider. Sweeney, having never publicly aligned herself with collective causes, nor fighting the patriarchy or supporting female-oriented political stances, violates these coalition expectations. Instead, she openly signals male-oriented priorities, leaving other women fearing exploitation or diminished collective standing. This violation, combined with a lack of self-castigation, results in coordinated social exclusion.
There’s a distinct difference in treatment between women like Sydney Sweeney and artists such as Sabrina Carpenter. Carpenter self-sexualizes in her work but consistently signals her alignment with “the girls”—writing songs critical of men and supporting feminist causes. As Williamson highlights, this alignment marks Carpenter as a safe group member, garnering support even as she expresses her sexuality. In contrast, Sweeney’s open prioritization of male attention and lack of collective signaling earns her condemnation, illustrating how women punish norm violators with exclusion and coordinated attacks.
Female Intrasexual Competition: Why Women Criticize Other Women
William Costello and Chris Williamson draw upon sexual economics and evolutionary psychology to explain how mate preferences create zones of fierce intersexual competition. Research cited by Costello demonstrates that women commonly experience jealousy and insecurity towards younger and more beautiful women, as youth and beauty directly match men's top mate preferences, particularly in contexts where these women become scarce resources. This competition for male attention and resources becomes especially acute when attractive, available women enter the social field.
Costello discusses how Sydney Sweeney exemplifies a particularly potent threat in this dynamic. Not only is she exceptionally attractive and young, but what makes her even more formidable is her aggressive marketing of her sexuality to appeal to the male gaze, without apparent concern for the emotional impact on other women. This posture intensifies her status as a competitor in the eyes of other women, driving anxiety about shifting male preferences away from them and toward those who better meet these valued traits.
On the male side, jealousy revolves around different aspects—namely, wealth, status, and strength—as these are the traits valued by women in the mating marketplace. This divergence in preferred traits structures the nature of same-sex competition and intersexual rivalry.
Williamson and Costello highlight how physical attractiveness operates under sex-specific constraints. For men, attractiveness can be significantly improved through discipline—muscle gain at the gym is available to almost any man willing to put in sustained effort, and the rewards in perceived attractiveness are substantial. Male attractiveness signals both effort and discipline.
Female attractiveness, in contrast, is more tightly tied to youth, genetics, and specifically to features such as breast firmness rather than size. Costello references research showing that the youthful texture (ptosis) of breasts, more than size, signals high reproductive value to men due to evolutionary preferences for long reproductive careers. Sydney Sweeney’s high, natural, and firm breast appearance—an "unfair genetic advantage" that is largely unearned and effortless—becomes a flashpoint for resentment among women who cannot achieve these traits via effort and whose own physical desirability is declining due to aging or is more average by genetic lottery.
Williamson adds that effortless beauty like Sweeney’s heightens negative feelings because it reminds other women of the limitations of their own "mate value," triggering greater resentment as women age or compete in the same cohort. This effortless presentation is deeply salient, and unlike athletic prowess or male muscularity, is a status marker women cannot simply attain through determination or “hard work,” which feels unjust in the economy of mating.
Williamson asks why women described as "guys' girls"—those with mostly male friends—are trusted less by other women. Costello explains that ...
Evolutionary Psychology: Intersexual Competition, Sexual Economics, Female Norms
Chris Williamson and William Costello explore the double standards in media and social responses to gendered claims of harm, especially in reactions to a gambling ad featuring Sydney Sweeney. Their analysis highlights how perceived or speculative harm to women consistently overshadows the serious, measurable harm suffered by men, particularly in contexts like online gambling.
The controversy around Sydney Sweeney’s advertisement for Novick Sports Betting Company illustrates how society fixates on the potential damage to women's sports, despite the lack of concrete evidence. Critics, including an Irish radio presenter, claimed that Sweeney's 40-second ad set women's sports back 40 years. Both Williamson and Costello find these claims absurd, noting that women's sports, embodied by athletes like Katie Taylor, have achieved significant milestones that cannot be undone by an advertisement.
Meanwhile, actual harms to men receive minimal attention. Costello cites research from the American Institute for Boys and Men showing that legalizing online gambling leads to dramatic increases in debt, bankruptcy, and suicide among young men. These are not speculative or minor harms; the evidence is clear and measurable. Men targeted by gambling platforms suffer broken relationships and higher suicidality, but these realities are ignored in media discourse, which instead focuses on supposed symbolic injuries to women.
The outrage over Sweeney’s ad is similarly selective—while women criticize the sexualization of women's sports in this context, there is little objection to women openly enjoying the physiques of male athletes, as when cameras at tennis matches linger on shirtless male players to the delight of married women in the crowd. This selective outrage and inconsistency suggest objections are driven more by tribal affiliation than by coherent principles about harm or sexualization.
Costello identifies these double standards as manifestations of gamma bias—a tendency to ignore male positivity while amplifying male negativity. Headlines rarely mention gender when men act heroically, despite the fact that 95-96% of Carnegie Medal recipients, awarded for lifesaving acts, are men. The media erasure of male prosocial behavior contrasts starkly with their readiness to gender male wrongdoing or alleged entitlement.
Further, those who criticize gambling sometimes themselves profit from prediction market sponsorships or platform promotion, calling into question the sincerity and consistency of their moral objections. Their focus stays on tribal or financial interests rather than the real consequences for vulnerable populations—in this case, young men targeted by gambling companies.
The rapid and emotional reactions to supposed harms to women, seen in the Sweeney ad controversy, are not matched by similar urgency when men are harmed. There was notable silence in the case of a serious crime against a woman in Galway, or around broader iss ...
Gender Disparity: Women's Perceived Harms Get More Media Attention Than Men's Actual Harms
William Costello points to research showing that the legalization of online gambling leads to a significant rise in bankruptcy and debt among young men. He highlights that these negative outcomes are directly traceable to changes in the law that facilitate easier access to gambling platforms. Chris Williamson underscores that it’s no longer just physical betting shops on every high street in England, but that gambling has become accessible 24 hours a day through apps, making predatory gambling practices inescapable for young men.
Costello presents alarming statistics: about 30% of young men struggling with gambling have considered suicide, and approximately 13% have attempted it. Despite these sobering numbers, the issue is largely ignored by both the media and political spheres. This invisibility persists even as the problem rapidly grows.
Exploring the psychology behind the crisis, Costello explains that young men are evolutionarily susceptible to gambling addiction. When alternative strategies to increase their “mate value” or social status seem unavailable, they may resort to high-risk behaviors like gambling, seeking rapid advancement or a “big win”—a “fast life history strategy,” as Costello describes it. Williamson adds that many young men see gambling as a route to sudden wealth, imagining scenarios where one major win could transform their lives.
Costello and Williamson note a striking inconsistency among prominent commentators. Conservative critics who regularly warn about the dangers of pornography, cannabis, and other perceived threats to young men often remain silent on gambling, even though it produces profound harm. Williamson points out that many such figures, for example at The Daily Wire, now take sponsorship from betting and prediction market companies like Kalshi. Despite previously decrying societal “degeneration” and the corrosion of youth culture, these commentators accept lucrative deals from industries deeply implicated in the harm of young men—demonstrating that financial incentives often outweigh ideological consistency.
Williamson contrasts this with his own refusal to take gambling sponsorships, despite frequent offers, citing not only his lack of personal interest but also a recognition of the harm gambling wrought on people he knew growing up in the UK. This personal decision stands in sharp distinction to the hypocrisy of those who profit from promoting gambling while claiming to protect young men.
The selective moralizing reveals, Williamson and Costello argue, a larger pattern: society finds male victimhood less compelling and less divisive than female-centered panics. Consequently, public outrage remains subdued and the media prioritizes female harm narratives, sidelining the documented vulnerabilities of young men.
Williamson reflects on the recent Sydney Sweeney ...
Gambling Industry Harms Young Men and Double Standards In Political Commentary
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