Podcasts > Huberman Lab > Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

By Scicomm Media

In this episode of the Huberman Lab, Huberman explores the science behind gratitude and its effects on the brain and body. He discusses how gratitude practices influence specific brain regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, and explains the role of serotonin in creating positive social experiences.

The episode examines research on what makes gratitude practices effective, revealing that receiving gratitude from others creates more significant neural changes than traditional methods like gratitude lists. Huberman describes how the brain distinguishes between genuine and insincere expressions of gratitude, and explains how observing others receive gratitude—or even hearing stories about gratitude—can activate the same neural networks as experiencing it directly.

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Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

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Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

1-Page Summary

The Neuroscience and Neurochemistry of Gratitude

Research shows that gratitude is more than just saying "thank you" - it's a complex behavior that significantly affects our brain circuits and body chemistry.

Brain Circuits and Neurotransmitters in Gratitude

Studies reveal that regular gratitude practice can modify the brain's emotional pathways, reducing anxiety and fear while boosting well-being. According to research, the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are particularly active during gratitude experiences, with activation levels correlating to the intensity of gratitude felt. Huberman notes that just 60 seconds of focused gratitude practice can activate these prosocial circuits and create meaningful benefits.

The neurochemical serotonin plays a crucial role in gratitude, released from the brainstem's RAFA nucleus. This chemical enhances neural circuits that encourage positive social interactions and experiences.

The Most Effective Gratitude Practices

Huberman explains that traditional practices like gratitude lists often fall short of creating significant neural and chemical changes. Instead, receiving gratitude from others proves more impactful. This was demonstrated in an experiment where coworkers exchanged and read gratitude letters face-to-face, showing strong activation in prefrontal networks during these interactions.

The Power of Genuine Gratitude

Research indicates that authenticity is crucial - our brains can distinguish between genuine and insincere gratitude, with only sincere expressions triggering positive neural responses. Interestingly, Huberman points out that even observing others receive gratitude can activate our prosocial neural networks. This extends to hearing powerful stories of support and kindness, which can trigger the same brain regions associated with directly receiving gratitude, particularly when we feel connected to the story being told.

1-Page Summary

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are regions in the brain involved in processing emotions, decision-making, and social interactions. They play a key role in regulating responses to emotional stimuli and are linked to empathy and understanding others' perspectives. Activation of these brain areas is associated with experiencing and expressing gratitude, indicating their importance in the neural mechanisms underlying gratitude practices.
  • Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood and social behavior. In the context of gratitude, serotonin is released from the brainstem's RAFA nucleus and enhances neural circuits that promote positive social interactions and experiences. This neurochemical helps create a sense of well-being and connection when experiencing or expressing gratitude. Serotonin's influence on gratitude highlights the link between brain chemistry and our emotional responses to social interactions.
  • Activation levels correlating to the intensity of gratitude felt means that the areas of the brain associated with gratitude become more active in response to stronger feelings of gratitude. Essentially, the more intense the feeling of gratitude, the more pronounced the activity in these brain regions. This correlation suggests a direct relationship between the subjective experience of gratitude and the level of brain activation in specific regions.
  • Prosocial circuits and neural networks are brain pathways that are involved in social behaviors and interactions. These circuits are responsible for processing emotions, empathy, and social cues. Activation of prosocial circuits can lead to feelings of connection, empathy, and altruism towards others. These networks play a crucial role in fostering positive social relationships and behaviors.
  • The prefrontal networks are brain regions involved in higher cognitive functions like decision-making and social behavior. In gratitude exchanges, these networks are activated when individuals engage in expressing or receiving gratitude. This activation is linked to processing emotions, understanding social cues, and fostering positive social interactions. The prefrontal networks play a crucial role in distinguishing between genuine and insincere expressions of gratitude, influencing the neural responses triggered by these interactions.
  • Genuine gratitude is heartfelt and sincere, stemming from a true appreciation or acknowledgment of a benefit received. It involves a deep emotional connection and a genuine desire to express thanks. In contrast, insincere gratitude is superficial, lacking true appreciation or emotional depth. The distinction lies in the authenticity of the feelings and intentions behind the expression of thanks.

Counterarguments

  • The correlation between brain activation and the intensity of gratitude might not imply causation; other factors could influence both the brain's response and the subjective experience of gratitude.
  • While 60 seconds of focused gratitude practice may activate prosocial circuits, the long-term effects and practical implications of such short interventions are not fully understood.
  • The role of serotonin from the RAFA nucleus in gratitude is complex, and there may be other neurotransmitters and brain regions involved in the gratitude response.
  • The impact of receiving gratitude versus gratitude lists may vary among individuals, and some may find gratitude lists to be a very effective practice for enhancing well-being.
  • The assertion that genuine gratitude triggers positive neural responses assumes that the brain's response to insincerity is well-understood, which may not be the case given the complexity of emotional processing.
  • The idea that observing gratitude can activate prosocial networks might not hold the same effect size or significance for everyone, and individual differences in empathy and related traits could influence this response.
  • The effectiveness of hearing stories of support and kindness in triggering gratitude-associated brain regions could be influenced by personal relevance, cultural factors, and individual psychological states, suggesting that this effect might not be universal.

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Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

The Neuroscience and Neurochemistry of Gratitude

Gratitude is not just a social nicety but a complex prosocial behavior significantly affecting both the mind and body through its influence on neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems.

Gratitude Activates Brain Circuits and Neuromodulators

Prosocial Brain Circuits, Like the Anterior Cingulate and Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Activate With Gratitude, Enhancing Mental and Physical Health

The study, "Effects of Gratitude Meditation on Neural Network Functional Connectivity and Brain-Heart Coupling," reveals that repeated gratitude practice can profoundly affect the brain. It does so by modifying the functional connectivity of emotion pathways, making anxiety and fear circuits less likely to be active, and increasing the activity in circuits for feelings of well-being and motivation.

Gratitude practices are linked to the activation of prosocial circuits within the brain, which facilitate closeness to oneself and others and are active during positive interactions. Such practices can reduce activity in circuits associated with defensive behaviors, making prosocial behaviors more of a default state, thus enhancing one's mental and physical health.

The anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are two central areas that serotonin systems activate when individuals experience gratitude. The intensity of gratitude is scaled with the level of activation in these regions, which are further connected to networks invoking thought processes. These processes might lead to thoughts of wanting more of this positive experience and recognizing the good feeling it delivers.

In discussing the medial prefrontal cortex, Andrew Huberman highlights its significance in evaluating different types of experiences and setting context for their meanings, which is crucial for the feeling of gratitude.

Implementing a gratitude practice can quickly shift the activation of pro-social behaviors, as well as circuits in ...

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The Neuroscience and Neurochemistry of Gratitude

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Counterarguments

  • The extent to which gratitude practice can modify neural pathways may vary significantly among individuals due to genetic, environmental, and personal history differences.
  • The causal relationship between gratitude and activation of specific brain regions like the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex may be correlational rather than causative, and more research might be needed to establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
  • While serotonin is associated with feelings of well-being and gratitude, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved, and the neurochemistry of gratitude is likely more complex than the text suggests.
  • The claim that as little as 60 seconds of gratitude practice can provide benefits might be an oversimplification, as the efficacy of such practices likely depends on a variety of factors including the individual's current mental state, the environment, and the quality of the gratitude practice.
  • The idea that gratitude practices can lead to a "reliable state of gratitude" may be overly optimistic, as emotional states are typically fluid and can be influenced by many unpredictable external factors.
  • The impact of gratitude on mental and physical health, while supported by some studies, may not be as strong or consistent as the text suggests, and other factors such as overal ...

Actionables

  • You can start a "gratitude relay" with friends or family where each person texts something they're grateful for to the next person every morning, creating a chain of positive messages that can enhance everyone's mood and social bonds.
    • This strategy leverages the idea that sharing gratitude can amplify its effects on the brain's prosocial circuits. For example, when you receive a text from someone expressing gratitude, it can prompt you to reflect on your own feelings of thankfulness, which in turn activates the neural pathways associated with prosocial behavior and well-being.
  • Incorporate "gratitude prompts" into your daily routine by setting random alarms throughout the day that remind you to think of something you're grateful for at that moment.
    • This helps to habituate the practice of gratitude, ensuring it becomes a regular part of your day and not just an afterthought. For instance, an alarm might go off while you're doing household chores, prompting you to find gratitude in the comfort of your home or the ability to complete tasks.
  • Create a "gratitude visualization" practice where you spend a few minutes each day closing yo ...

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Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

Gratitude Practices and Their Impact on Health

Studies and expert commentary suggest that while listing or reciting things one is grateful for is a common practice, it may not be the most effective way to evoke psychological and physiological changes in the brain and body.

Ineffectiveness of Traditional Gratitude Practices

Gratitude Practices Fail to Activate Key Neural Circuits and Neurochemicals

Huberman explains that traditional gratitude practices like making lists or reciting items of thankfulness don't significantly shift neural circuitry or neurochemistry. While these activities are common, they don't seem to have a strong impact on the somatic circuitry that connects the brain and body.

Potent Gratitude Practice Involves Receiving Gratitude From Others

On the contrary, receiving gratitude is identified as being more impactful than expressing it. Huberman points to an experiment where coworkers wrote gratitude letters to each other and then read these letters face-to-face. Brain imaging during this interaction exhibited robust effects on the prefrontal networks — highlighting the significance of receiving gratitude in activating the prefrontal cortex and prosocial brain regions.

Gratitude Activates Prefrontal Cortex and Prosocial Brain Regions

Further, Huberman advises that an effective gratitude practice is reflecting on times when someone expressed gratitude towards you, focusi ...

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Gratitude Practices and Their Impact on Health

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • The prefrontal networks in the brain, specifically the prefrontal cortex, are responsible for higher-order cognitive functions like decision-making, working memory, and personality expression. This brain region plays a crucial role in orchestrating thoughts and actions to achieve internal goals and regulate behavior. Activation of prefrontal networks is linked to processes such as gratitude, prosocial behavior, and emotional regulation. Understanding the prefrontal networks helps explain how gratitude practices can impact mental and physical health through neural circuitry activation.
  • Neural circuits for prosocial behaviors are pathways in the brain that are involved in activities that benefit others or soci ...

Counterarguments

  • Traditional gratitude practices may have a cumulative effect that isn't immediately measurable by neural imaging but contributes to long-term well-being.
  • The effectiveness of gratitude practices can be subjective and vary greatly from person to person, depending on individual psychological makeup and life circumstances.
  • The act of expressing gratitude, even if not immediately impactful on neural circuits, can foster a positive social environment and improve interpersonal relationships over time.
  • Some studies suggest that the act of expressing gratitude can improve one's own mood and outlook, which may not be directly tied to neural circuitry but is still beneficial.
  • The emphasis on receiving gratitude could potentially lead to a dependency on external validation for emotional well-being, which might not be sustainable or healthy in the long term.
  • The benefits of gratitude practices might be influenced by cultural, social, and personal factors that are not accounted for in the studies mentioned.
  • There may be other unexplored gratitude practices or variations of traditional methods that are effective but have not been ...

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Essentials: The Science of Gratitude & How to Build a Gratitude Practice

The Importance Of Receiving Gratitude Versus Expressing Gratitude

Gratitude practices have been linked to pervasive and long-lasting impacts on subjective well-being, according to scientific findings shared by Huberman. Such intentional practices are reported to bolster feelings of happiness, joy, and meaning in life and can provide resilience against psychological and physiological detriments of past and potential future traumas.

Genuine Gratitude Essential for Benefits

Huberman underscores the necessity of genuine gratitude for unlocking positive health benefits—a sentiment echoed in research. Our neural circuitry is adept at distinguishing genuine gratitude from a feigned one. Studies, such as one titled "Neural Responses to Intention and Benefit Appraisal are Critical in Distinguishing Gratitude and Joy," use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal that the brain's response to gratitude heavily depends on the intention behind the gesture.

The Brain Detects Only Sincere Gratitude, Triggering Positive Effects

This authenticity matters because the brain reacts positively only to sincere expressions of gratitude, with genuine thanks activating neural circuits linked to well-being. The sense of gratitude felt by recipients scales with the intention behind the giving. Wholehearted intention from the giver amplifies the recipient's gratitude sensation.

Observing Others Receiving Gratitude Activates Neural Circuits

Remarkably, it’s not only direct receipt of gratitude that can activate our prosocial neural networks. Even observing gratitude in others, such as hearing narratives where individuals express or receive thanks, triggers neural circuits involved in prosocial behavior.

Hearing About Support and Feeling Inspired by Kindness Can Benefit Like Receiving Gratitude

Watching powerful stories of support—like a doctor-prisoner providing aid within a genocide context—can activate the same regions of the brain associated with direct ...

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The Importance Of Receiving Gratitude Versus Expressing Gratitude

Additional Materials

Clarifications

  • Neural circuitry can differentiate between genuine and feigned gratitude based on the brain's response to the intention behind the expression. Studies using brain imaging techniques like fMRI show that the brain reacts differently to sincere versus insincere expressions of gratitude. Genuine gratitude activates neural circuits associated with well-being, emphasizing the importance of authenticity in gratitude exchanges. This distinction in neural responses highlights the significance of sincerity in experiencing the positive effects of gratitude.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a neuroimaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. In gratitude studies, fMRI is used to observe which areas of the brain are activated when individuals experience or express gratitude. This technology helps researchers understand the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of gratitude and how the brain responds to genuine expressions of thanks. By analyzing brain activity through fMRI scans, scientists can gain insights into the cognitive and emotional processes involved in gratitude perception and expression.
  • Observing gratitude in others can activate prosocial neural networks, triggering brain regions associated with empathy and social connection. This means that witnessing expressions of gratitude can stimulate similar brain responses as personally experiencing gratitude. It suggests that our brains are wired to respond not only to direct gratitude but also to witnessing acts of kindness and appreciation in others. This phenomenon highlights the interconnected nature of human emotions and the importance of social bonds in shaping our neural responses.
  • Witnessing acts of assistance can trigger chemical responses in the brain, such as the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and oxytocin. These chemicals are associated with feelings of reward, bonding, and empathy. ...

Counterarguments

  • The impact of gratitude practices may vary significantly among individuals, and what works for one person may not work for another due to differences in personality, culture, or life circumstances.
  • The necessity of genuine gratitude for health benefits could be overstated; even routine or less emotionally charged expressions of gratitude might still offer some psychological or social benefits.
  • The brain's response to gratitude, while significant, is just one aspect of a complex emotional and cognitive process, and focusing solely on neural responses may oversimplify the experience.
  • Observing gratitude in others might not always lead to positive effects; it could potentially trigger feelings of envy or resentment in some individuals, depending on the context.
  • The assumption that hearing narratives of gratitude will trigger prosocial neural circuits might not hold true for everyone, especially if the listener is currently experiencing emotional distress or trau ...

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