In this episode of All-In, Chamath, Jason, Sacks, and Friedberg present their top investment ideas across public equities, energy infrastructure, biotech, and cryptocurrency. The pitches span MGM Resorts with its protected valuation floor and international expansion potential, Talon Energy's power generation assets trading below replacement cost, Actis Oncology's radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy platform, and Geodnet's decentralized precision location network.
Beyond individual stock picks, the hosts explore broader investment themes driving these opportunities. The discussion covers how AI-driven data center demand is reshaping energy infrastructure, the evolution of precision medicine through radiopharmaceuticals, and how cryptocurrency enables rapid deployment of global networks. The episode also addresses practical considerations like portfolio sizing, liquidity constraints, and how to evaluate risk-reward profiles across different asset classes.

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MGM Resorts offers compelling upside driven by activist investor Barry Diller, who owns 26% of the company and placed a $48 per share bid that acts as a valuation floor. The company has retired half its float through buybacks over six years, and Diller's deep commitment—80% of his NAV—signals strong conviction.
The real opportunity lies in MGM's Osaka casino license, providing access to Japan's $40 billion gambling market. MGM owns 40% of the Osaka casino opening in 2030, expected to deliver $2 billion in annual EBITDA. Additionally, MGM is building a property in Dubai pre-configured for gambling, creating significant optionality if regulations change. The sum-of-the-parts value for Vegas and Japan alone reaches the "low 60s" per share, with Dubai offering substantial additional upside.
Talon Energy owns two gigawatts of nuclear and six gigawatts of natural gas generation, trading at a $25 billion enterprise value far below its $45 billion replacement cost. Surging AI-driven data center demand is tightening power capacity, with the PJM grid requiring 106 gigawatts of new power in the next decade.
This dynamic is driving long-term power purchase agreements at premium pricing. Microsoft's 20-year, $100/MWh deal with Constellation Energy exemplifies the trend. Talon's baseline operations support $50 per share in free cash flow—double today's price—with potential to reach $70-$100+ per share as more data center contracts materialize. The upside is 3-5x over time, though the investment remains sensitive to interest rate changes.
Actis Oncology is pioneering radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy, attaching radioactive payloads like actinium to targeting molecules for precision tumor destruction. The company's lead programs target Nectin-4 and B7h3 markers, with clinical data expected in 2027.
Actis offers significant barriers to entry, particularly from Chinese competitors who cannot source actinium-225 derived from American nuclear waste. Eli Lilly backstopped Actis's $300 million IPO with a $100 million order, signaling strong pharmaceutical interest. Recent M&A activity totaling $15 billion in radiotherapy demonstrates sector attractiveness. If even one program reaches market, $10 billion or $200 per share in value is justified, with platform expansion creating additional upside.
The AI and robotics revolution is driving a sustained increase in power demand that will reshape energy infrastructure investment for decades.
Historically, power demand tracks GDP at 2-3% annually, with temporary spikes during technological breakthroughs. The 2000s saw flattened demand due to efficiency improvements and offshoring to China, masking capacity constraints. Today's AI cycle is different—the persistent computational growth required for AI and robotics creates an endless cycle of elevated energy demand.
Expanding infrastructure to support a 1,000-fold increase in computational capacity exposes critical bottlenecks in minerals like nickel superalloys and silver, alongside labor shortages and regulatory delays. Modern data centers require $50 billion per gigawatt of capacity and are structurally similar to refineries—their critical input is electricity, not microchips.
Current prices in markets like PJM remain too low to stimulate new capacity investment. Utilities are responding by securing long-term power purchase agreements at $100+ per MWh—double spot prices—to guarantee 20-year profitability. As supply constraints persist, grid-tied energy assets will continue appreciating alongside premium contract pricing.
Oleg Nodelman draws an analogy between cancer treatment and warfare, tracing evolution from blunt-force tactics to precision interventions. Early approaches like surgery and radiation were akin to siege warfare, destroying surrounding healthy tissue. Chemotherapy became systemic poison, failing to discriminate between tumors and healthy cells.
Modern radiopharmaceuticals represent a dramatic leap—like swarms of microdrones navigating the bloodstream to deliver radioactive payloads with blast radii as small as 100 microns. This enables destruction of cancer with minimal collateral damage.
Platform technologies in biotech command premium valuations by addressing multiple disease targets. Actis's approach includes selecting validated targets like Nectin-4 and B7H3, which are expressed across major solid tumors. Real-time imaging verification allows physicians to confirm target engagement early, reducing clinical risk. When one program demonstrates promise, the entire platform accrues value, justifying acquisition prices far above any single drug's valuation.
Geodnet demonstrates how cryptocurrency mechanisms enable rapid global infrastructure deployment. The company's model allows individuals to purchase affordable RTK base stations and earn GEO tokens for operating them. In just four years, Geodnet deployed 22,000 RTK stations—more than double the 12,000 stations legacy providers built over decades.
Geodnet's coverage is critical for precision agriculture, autonomous vehicles, and consumer robotics. USDA-subsidized farmers use Geodnet-powered robotics like Burrow's transport mules and John Deere's unmanned sprayers. TomTom integrates Geodnet data for autonomous vehicle maps, providing centimeter-accurate coverage. DJI and US drone manufacturers rely on Geodnet's network for delivery, surveillance, and agricultural applications.
Geodnet distributes 80% of its $11 million annualized revenue to open-market GEO token purchases, with 20% covering operations. This revenue-sharing model provides direct, blockchain-verifiable returns to token holders. The company maintains 3x year-over-year growth, with customer spending increasing from $60,000 to $170,000 annually as companies scale RTK-dependent equipment production.
Chamath Palihapitiya explains that early-stage biotech and crypto tokens present 5-10x return potential but carry risk of total capital loss, warranting limited portfolio allocation. In contrast, opportunities like MGM—where Barry Diller's bid provides downside protection—or infrastructure assets with recurring revenue allow larger allocations, though infrastructure remains sensitive to interest rates.
Liquidity constraints significantly limit position sizing in illiquid securities. Cryptocurrency tokens and micro-cap biotech often lack sufficient trading volume, restricting practical positions to $20,000-$100,000. Conversely, liquid equities like MGM and Talon support tens of millions in allocation without moving prices.
Platform technologies in both biotech and infrastructure drive significant valuation optionality. Pharmaceutical acquirers pay premiums for biotech platforms demonstrating successful validation, as these promise future applications across multiple diseases. Infrastructure platforms create monopoly-like positions with valuable network effects, supporting premium valuations and providing fundamental downside protection.
1-Page Summary
MGM Resorts presents a compelling opportunity rooted not only in its Las Vegas presence but also in its strategic international exposure and the active involvement of influential investors. Barry Diller now owns 26% of MGM, having aggressively acquired shares and placed a $48 per share bid—a price now acting as a valuation floor. The company's stock buybacks, which have retired half the float over six years, further support shareholder value. Diller’s deep commitment is evident, with 80% of his NAV invested in MGM. His motivation is financial, not strategic, and his formal bid has put the company "in play."
The Osaka casino license grants MGM access to Japan’s $40 billion gambling market, which is much larger than Macau’s $30 billion or Vegas’s $10 billion. MGM owns 40% of the Osaka casino scheduled to open in 2030 and collects a management fee. With its closer proximity to major East Asian cities and the rarity of Japanese casino licenses, Osaka is estimated to deliver $2 billion in annual EBITDA. Market attention typically increases three years before property openings, timing that enhances the opportunity.
MGM is also positioned for optionality in Dubai, where it is building a property boasting 300,000 square feet of space pre-configured for gambling—even though gambling is not yet legal there. Should regulation change, this location could be worth $40–50 per share. The arrival of Wynn Resorts to the region with a new casino nearby only enhances the odds that Dubai may liberalize gaming laws.
Collectively, MGM’s undervalued Vegas assets, discounted Japanese expansion, and speculative Dubai catalyst create the foundation for a potential threefold return—even if Barry Diller’s bid fails and MGM continues independently. If Dubai legalizes gambling, the upside is even greater. The sum-of-the-parts value for Vegas and Japan alone is estimated to be in the "low 60s" per share, with Dubai a significant added free option.
Talon Energy is a power producer with two gigawatts of nuclear and six gigawatts of natural gas generation, trading at a $25 billion enterprise value far below its $45 billion replacement cost. That means the equity can double as the business simply approaches intrinsic value, without requiring operational change.
The surging demand driven by AI data centers further supports Talon's prospects. The PJM grid, spanning Pennsylvania, Jersey, and Maryland, will require 106 gigawatts of new power in the next decade—a timescale that is not long in infrastructure terms. This tightens existing power capacity and price dynamics, driving data centers and hyperscalers into long-term power purchase agreements with firms like Talon.
An illustrative precedent is Microsoft’s 20-year, $100/MWh agreement with Constellation Energy, which resulted in the historic restarting of Three Mile Island’s nuclear reactor. Such deals underscore the desperate appetite for reliable, clean energy and the premium pricing available to asset owners.
As a baseline, simply running the existing business and allowing favorable contracts to accumulate supports $50 per share of free cash flow—a double from today’s stock price, which trades at just seven times free cash flow compared to the 15x average for infrastructure assets. If Talon signs more data-center contracts and/or power prices rise further, $70–$100+ per share of free cash flow becomes achievable, driving similar gains in equity value.
Moreover, new capacity buildouts—just four more gigawatts, a fraction of what PJM needs—enable Talon to scale well beyond $100 per share in annual free cash flow. This creates 3–5x upside potential over time. Still, Talon is sensitive to interest rate changes, as revenue is tied heavily to the long-term power contract market.
Undervalued Investment Opportunities: Mgm, Talon Energy, Actis Oncology, Geodnet
A surge in artificial intelligence and robotics is poised to drive a sustained, decades-long growth in power demand, fundamentally reshaping energy infrastructure investment strategies and straining existing supply chains and regulatory frameworks.
Historically, power demand closely tracks GDP, rising at 2–3% annually. When technological breakthroughs occur, such as appliances and air conditioning in the mid-20th century, demand spikes until widespread adoption, after which it returns to its underlying algorithmic GDP-based growth. Today, the unfolding AI and robotics revolution is set to repeat—and prolong—this pattern of surging consumption, effectively sustaining above-trend electricity demand for 15–20 years as new innovations become deeply integrated into the economy.
During the 2000s, the pattern reversed: a focus on efficiency—including LED lighting, smart HVAC, tinted windows, and advanced electronics—combined with offshoring heavy industry to China, flattened power demand in the U.S. for nearly two decades. This period masked underlying capacity constraints and led to a widespread yet misplaced sense of energy abundance.
The present technological cycle is different. If AI is to fulfill its promise of driving scientific breakthroughs and robotics-powered productivity, data centers and hyperscalers will require a persistent stream of computational power—creating a seemingly endless cycle of elevated energy demand that diverges sharply from previous normalization after efficiency gains.
Attempting to expand U.S. power infrastructure to support an estimated 1,000-fold increase in computational capacity exposes glaring bottlenecks. There are acute shortages in critical minerals such as nickel superalloys needed for power plants and space launches, as well as silver for photovoltaic cells. Supply chain constraints are matched by shortages in skilled labor and long permitting timelines. While internet-era expectations demand instant results, real-world infrastructure projects require incremental, "geological time" to materialize, deepening the challenge of keeping pace with surging demand.
Power plants, rocket launches, and major infrastructure projects all compete for the same limited pool of minerals such as nickel superalloys and silver. This cross-industry competition exacerbates shortages and creates project delays at every stage, signaling persistent supply-side stress for years to come.
Modern data centers, now capital-intensive assets requiring $50 billion per gigawatt of capacity, are structurally analogous to oil refineries: their critical input is electricity, not microchips. Outflows from these centers power digital economies, producing data, photons, and intelli ...
Ai-driven Energy Infrastructure Investment Thesis Amid Grid Challenges
Oleg Nodelman draws a compelling analogy between cancer treatment and warfare, underscoring a shared objective: identify the enemy, target it precisely, and minimize collateral damage. This framework traces the technological and scientific evolution in the battle against cancer, from blunt-force tactics to exquisitely targeted interventions.
Early approaches to cancer treatment mirror the brutality of medieval siege warfare. Surgery and radiation sought to eradicate tumor strongholds by obliterating both malignant cells and surrounding healthy tissue, akin to leveling the castle and its environs in hopes of eliminating the enemy. This tactic produced severe side effects and remained largely ineffective against metastatic disease, where cancer spread beyond a single site.
The next chapter arrived by accident; during World War I, military physicians realized mustard gas destroyed rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy, inspired by this discovery, became a systemic poison—flooding the entire body in hopes of killing tumors faster than healthy tissue. However, chemo failed to discriminate: along with tumors, it devastated bone marrow, skin, hair follicles, and digestive tissue.
First-generation targeted therapies improved precision. These were akin to GPS-guided munitions: instead of indiscriminate destruction, they zeroed in on specific genetic mutations within tumors. Nevertheless, cancer’s adaptive wiles—emerging as resistant mutations—rendered these weapons only temporarily effective.
Immunotherapy marked a paradigm shift: rather than deploying additional weapons, these drugs recruited the body’s own T-cells as local allies to attack tumors. While occasionally producing spectacular results, immunotherapy’s efficacy was highly dependent on the tumor’s microenvironment—the “terrain” of the ongoing battle.
Modern radiopharmaceuticals represent another dramatic leap: Nodelman compares them to swarms of microdrones navigating the bloodstream. Through molecular recognition, they home in on tumor cells and precisely deliver a radioactive payload with a blast radius as small as 100 microns—the diameter of a single cell. This enables autonomous assassinations with maximal destruction of cancer and minimal collateral damage to healthy tissue.
Radiopharmaceutical biotech companies, such as Actis, employ a derisking strategy by selecting validated targets with known biological significance and regulatory traction. Nectin-4, critical in bladder cancer, is one such target. Actis’s second major program takes on B7H3, a marker ...
Biotech and Radiopharmaceuticals: Cancer Treatment Breakthrough Potential
The emergence of decentralized, token-incentivized networks is transforming global infrastructure, especially in real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. Geodnet demonstrates how cryptocurrency mechanisms enable rapid global deployment far beyond what traditional, centralized models have achieved.
Geodnet’s model allows any individual— from hobbyists to business owners— to purchase affordable rooftop RTK base stations. These contributors earn GEO tokens in exchange for operating a station, incentivizing wide participation and rapidly growing the network. In just four years, Geodnet has deployed about 22,000 RTK stations by distributing ownership and economic benefits, a pace traditional firms cannot match.
Legacy providers like Trimble, Hexagon, and Topcon spent decades building their RTK networks, jointly reaching only around 12,000 stations worldwide. In contrast, Geodnet’s network— established in 2021, with deployments beginning in 2022— has more than doubled that number.
Now, Geodnet operates in over 150 countries and 11,000 cities, covering roughly 80% of the global population outside sanctioned nations. Node deployment is broad, serving both urban centers and most rural regions, even in the United States. As the number of active nodes and corresponding revenue incentives grow, network expansion accelerates further.
Geodnet’s highly available RTK coverage has become critical for multiple cutting-edge applications:
Promoted and subsidized by USDA initiatives, US farmers and ranchers now adopt precise ag technology relying on Geodnet. Robotic mules from Burrow transport crops like grapes, while John Deere’s unmanned sprayers (GUS) operate autonomously in vineyards, powered by Geodnet’s RTK. The distributed network— more accessible and cost-effective than legacy systems— allows rapid deployment and significant cost savings, reducing both physical infrastructure investment and operational complexity.
TomTom, a supplier to nearly all autonomous vehicle (AV) development programs globally, integrates Geodnet data into its maps. This integration provides centimeter-accurate coverage for AVs, dramatically exceeding conventional GPS precision and enabling high-level autonomy in navigation.
The scale of Geodnet underpins a coming surge in consumer robotics. Companies such as YARBO and Sunseeker are launching millions of robotic lawn mowers, all reliant on RTK accuracy for effective autonomous operation. Industry estimates suggest 1 million units powered by Geodnet will be sold in 2024.
The world’s largest drone manufacturer, DJI, already incorporates Geodnet in many models, extending RTK benefits to delivery, surveillance, and agricultural uses. As regulatory shifts favor American suppliers, a wave of US drone makers are expected to adopt Geodnet, further expanding its application horizon.
Geodnet’s business model leverages revenue-sharing tokens, distributing value far more directly than traditional infrastructure firms, who retain equity and capital appreciation for select shareholders.
Of the roughly $11 million current annual ...
Cryptocurrency-Enabled Decentralized Networks (Geolocation/Rtk) as Infrastructure Plays
The discussion explores distinct investment opportunities—ranging from high-risk, high-upside assets like early-stage biotech and crypto to more stable, downside-protected investments such as infrastructure or companies with activist investor floors. Key considerations include asymmetric risk-reward analysis, limits imposed by security liquidity, and how platform technology underpins valuation and portfolio sizing.
Investments such as early-stage biotech and cryptocurrency tokens present the opportunity for 5-10x returns, but Chamath Palihapitiya and others caution that downside risk includes the potential for complete loss of capital. Such investments should be treated as "lottery tickets," warranting only limited portfolio allocation due to their binary and discontinuous risk profiles. For example, in biotech, acquirers like Lilly may bid for promising assets, resulting in a major upside event but also carrying a meaningful risk of total loss. Cryptocurrency investments face even greater issues: although attractive for their explosive upside, their high illiquidity and risk of irrelevance mean investors can lose everything.
In contrast, opportunities such as MGM’s business, where activist investor Barry Diller has provided a bid floor, offer significant downside protection. Gavin Baker emphasizes that the capped downside from Diller’s bid and geographic expansion opportunities in Japan and Dubai present a compelling risk-reward profile. Even if new ventures falter, the business can deliver a 3x return over two years on core operations and stabilized revenues. Infrastructure assets, such as Talon, feature recurring revenue and bid floors, which allow for larger allocations, although these assets are more sensitive to interest rates.
Portfolio allocation, therefore, focuses on concentrating capital in investments where downside is capped—such as MGM or infrastructure platforms—while allocating only limited funds to lottery ticket-type opportunities in crypto or micro-cap biotech for asymmetric, high-multiple upside.
Chamath Palihapitiya highlights significant liquidity constraints in high-upside lottery-ticket investments. Cryptocurrency tokens and micro-cap biotech stocks often lack sufficient trading volume to absorb institutional purchases in the millions without moving prices, limiting practical position sizes to as little as $20,000–$100,000. As a result, these opportunities cannot support meaningful portfolio weights at scale, regardless of their potential upside.
Conversely, equities and bonds, including opportunities like MGM and large infrastructure firms (such as Talon), trade on major exchanges with ample liquidity. Investors can allocate tens of millions of dollars without influencing the market price, supporting substantial portfolio weightings. These assets are thus more attractive for larger investors needing to deploy significant capital while managing execution risk.
In assessing specific risks, David Friedberg notes long-duration infrastructure assets such as Talon are particularly sensitive to rising interest rates due to t ...
Valuation Methodology, Risk-Reward Analysis, and Portfolio Sizing
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