PDF Summary:We Have Been Harmonized, by Kai Strittmatter

In We Have Been Harmonized, Kai Strittmatter unveils the inner workings of China's authoritarian system under Xi Jinping. He details how the Communist Party utilizes propaganda, surveillance technologies, and ruthless control measures to manufacture a tightly-controlled digital and physical environment that reinforces its authority.

Strittmatter warns that Xi's consolidation of power, glorification of Party ideology, and silencing of dissent threaten to erode individual rights and limit China's capacity for innovation and reform. He argues that China's export of surveillance technologies and promotion of its authoritarian model pose a significant risk to democratic norms worldwide.

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Xi has also assumed control over every lever of power, concentrating authority over the security services, the army, and the propaganda apparatus in his hands. This concentration of power, the author argues, is a deliberate departure from the more collective and predictable system of previous decades, making Xi Jinping the nation's and the Party's undisputed "helmsman."

Practical Tips

• Create a personal constitution for your life or family, drawing inspiration from the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought into China's national constitution. Outline your core values, goals, and the principles by which you want to live. This activity will help you clarify your personal vision and establish a framework for decision-making.

Other Perspectives

• Some might argue that the centralization of power under Xi is a response to perceived internal and external threats, and not solely a power grab.
• Some might contend that the decision to extend Xi's rule was made through the existing political processes and reflects the will of the Party at large, suggesting a level of institutional support for the move rather than a unilateral dismantling of Deng's legacy.
• This change may signal a shift away from the collective leadership model that was designed to prevent the excesses of a single ruler, as seen during the Cultural Revolution under Mao.
• Concentration of power in one individual's hands can lead to a lack of checks and balances, which is a fundamental principle of governance that helps prevent abuse of power.
• The characterization of the previous system as "predictable" may overlook the internal power struggles and unpredictability that can occur within any political system, including those with collective leadership.

Party Cracks Down on Dissent, Purges Rivals, Reimposes Ideological Control

Strittmatter describes how Xi has unleashed a period of crackdowns, silencing critics, purging rivals, and shutting down any spaces where dissenting voices or alternative views could emerge. Civil society organizations have been effectively eradicated, with activists, lawyers, journalists, and intellectuals subjected to intimidation, harassment, detainment, and disappearance. Digital sites have been sanitized, with microblogs silenced and messaging services closely monitored. The author vividly portrays a society where fear has returned, and where any attempt to question the narrative, policies, or history of the Party is met with swift and brutal consequences.

This crackdown, the author argues, is an element of a deliberate strategy by Xi to reimpose ideological control over every aspect of Chinese society. Academic institutions, research organizations, and even private companies are being re-ideologized, with Party cells empowered and the study of Marxism rigorously enforced. Strittmatter argues that this renewed emphasis on ideological purity aims to eliminate dissent while also creating a climate of fear and uncertainty that ensures obedience and discourages critical thinking.

Practical Tips

• Engage in role-playing games (RPGs) with friends where you simulate scenarios of political intrigue and power dynamics. Through these games, you can explore the consequences of silencing dissent and purging rivals in a fictional setting, which can lead to a deeper understanding of these actions in real-world contexts.
• You can educate yourself on digital security to help protect the privacy of those who are vulnerable to intimidation. Learning about encryption, secure communication platforms, and privacy settings allows you to advise and assist individuals in safeguarding their information. For instance, you could guide a friend who's an activist in setting up encrypted email communication or using a VPN to protect their online activities.
• Create a personal code for sensitive communication with friends and family. This could involve using certain agreed-upon phrases or references that only you and your communication partners understand. For instance, you might decide that "Let's discuss the book club" is a code for initiating a private conversation about a sensitive topic.
• Create a book club with a focus on dystopian literature to explore themes of power, control, and resistance in a fictional context. By discussing books that deal with these issues, you can indirectly address contemporary concerns without directly challenging the status quo. Choose a diverse range of books to ensure a broad spectrum of ideas and encourage members to draw their own connections to real-world events.
• Engage in conversations with people from different backgrounds to explore the impact of ideological control on society. Make it a point to speak with friends, colleagues, or online acquaintances from various cultural and political backgrounds about their perceptions of ideological influence in their societies. Listen actively and compare their experiences with your own observations. This will broaden your perspective on the reach of ideological control and its effects on different communities.
• Start a personal blog to reflect on how ideological shifts in institutions affect your field of interest. Writing about these changes can help you process how they impact your career or studies. For example, if you're in the tech industry and notice a shift towards sustainability, you could explore how this re-ideologization influences new tech developments.
• Volunteer to lead a discussion or presentation on Marxist theory at a local community center or online forum. By preparing educational material and facilitating conversation, you'll reinforce your own understanding and help spread awareness, akin to the empowerment of party cells through education and leadership.
• Develop a personal habit of writing reflective journals after consuming any media, noting down points of agreement and disagreement. This self-dialogue can help you become more comfortable with dissent in your own thoughts, thereby reducing the internal climate of fear regarding ideological purity. For instance, after watching a news segment or reading an article, take a few minutes to jot down your thoughts, questioning why you agree or disagree with the presented points.
• Engage in role-reversal exercises where you take on a persona that typically follows orders without question, such as a soldier or a factory worker, and then practice scenarios where you question orders given to you. This can be done through improvisational acting or writing exercises, allowing you to explore the consequences and benefits of critical thinking in situations that traditionally discourage it.

Xi's Model Threatens China's People With State Surveillance, Censorship, and Indoctrination

Strittmatter argues that Xi Jinping's model of authoritarian rule poses a serious danger to China's people going forward, as it depends on a mix of state surveillance, draconian censorship, and relentless indoctrination to maintain power. The author details how the Party is creating a society where every aspect of citizens' lives, from both their online and offline communications to their behavior on the streets and even their relationships with family and friends, is subject to monitoring and evaluation.

Party's Social Credit and Other Policies Erode Privacy and Autonomy In China

Strittmatter describes in chilling detail the Chinese Communist Party's agenda to implement a nationwide "Social Credit System" that aims to track and evaluate every citizen's behavior in real-time. The system, he explains, assigns each person a point score based on actions and transactions, with rewards for "good" behavior and punishments for "bad," creating a society where conformity and obedience are incentivized, and where even minor transgressions may result in harsh repercussions.

The author cites examples of "trust-breakers" facing restrictions on travel, employment, and access to social services, while model citizens are rewarded with greater loan availability, fast-track visa services, and even preferential treatment on dating platforms. Strittmatter warns that this framework, with its reliance on big data, AI-powered algorithms, and pervasive surveillance, erodes privacy, limits individual autonomy, and creates a society where citizens must constantly monitor and regulate their own behavior to avoid repercussions.

Context

• There are concerns about data privacy and the potential for misuse of personal information, as the system requires extensive data collection and sharing between government agencies and private companies.
• The concept of social credit is rooted in the Chinese government's broader goal of maintaining social order and stability, reflecting a collectivist approach to governance.
• The system is not uniformly implemented across China; different regions and cities may have varying criteria and methods for scoring, reflecting local governance priorities.
• The implementation of these restrictions is facilitated by a network of interconnected databases and surveillance technologies, including facial recognition and online activity monitoring.
• The system may exacerbate existing inequalities, as those with fewer resources or social connections may find it harder to improve their scores, limiting their access to opportunities and services.
• The constant monitoring can lead to increased stress and anxiety among citizens, as they may feel they are always being watched and judged, impacting mental health and social interactions.

Xi's Rule Silences Intellectuals and Groups, Entrenching Party's Power Monopoly

Strittmatter describes how Xi Jinping's rule has effectively silenced intellectuals, academics, and any groups that previously attempted to advocate for reform or challenge the political power monopoly. The author details how the state has systematically targeted civil rights lawyers, journalists, bloggers, and outspoken academics, subjecting them to surveillance, intimidation, arrest, and disappearance. He explains how the Communist Party has resurrected "struggle sessions" for the digital age, forcing detainees to make televised confessions and denounce themselves and their colleagues, publicly shaming them before the masses and discouraging further dissent.

This silencing of critical voices, the author argues, is essential to Xi's project of entrenching the Party's monopoly on power. By eradicating opposition and suppressing any alternative viewpoints, the CCP aims to prevent anything that might question its narrative, policies, or authority. Strittmatter warns that this silencing of dissent risks undermining the CCP's own long-term interests by suppressing the very kind of critical thinking and innovative ideas that the leadership professes to encourage.

Practical Tips

• You can explore the power of self-critique by journaling your own mistakes and learning from them. Start a daily or weekly practice of writing down instances where you believe you could have acted differently. Reflect on these moments, not to punish yourself, but to understand your motivations and to plan how you might handle similar situations better in the future. This personal exercise can increase self-awareness and promote personal growth.

Other Perspectives

• Some may contend that the measures taken are not as widespread or absolute as suggested, and that there remains a degree of intellectual debate and discussion within certain academic or policy circles in China.
• In some cases, allowing a controlled amount of dissent could strengthen a party's power by giving the appearance of openness and tolerance, which might reduce domestic and international criticism.
• There may be instances where the CCP has responded to public opinion or adjusted policies in response to feedback, which would indicate that questioning of its narrative and policies is not entirely prevented.
• The CCP may believe that a unified social and political environment, free from dissent, is more conducive to stability and order, which they could argue is a prerequisite for innovation and progress.

The Implications of China's Authoritarian Approach Domestically and Globally

The Authoritarianism of China Undermines Economy and Social Cohesion

Strittmatter argues that, although China's authoritarian model has delivered impressive economic growth and prosperity in recent decades, it is ultimately unsustainable and will eventually lead to its own downfall. The author details how the suppression of critical thinking, the pervasive climate of fear, and the unchecked corruption and inequality inherent in the system are undermining the economy, eroding social cohesion, and creating a climate of profound distrust and anxiety within society.

Suppression of Critical Thinking Limits China's Innovation

The author highlights how the suppression of critical thinking and dissent, particularly in areas outside of technology and science, is hindering China's capacity to truly innovate and become a genuine world leader. Strittmatter explains that, although the Party actively promotes investment in areas like AI and data science, it simultaneously seeks to maintain a rigid ideological control over education, policy discussion, and even the interpretation of history. This ultimately stifles creating original ideas, innovative approaches, and effective solutions to challenges that require the freedom to use one's mind and open debate.

He warns that this suppression of intellectual curiosity, particularly as the country's population ages rapidly, will limit China's capacity to compete in the long term, particularly in fields that require adaptability, creativity, and independent thought. The author cites examples of academics and researchers who have been silenced, purged, or forced to produce nonsensical research that conforms to the ruling party's ideology, stifling intellectual progress and creating a climate of intellectual stagnation.

Practical Tips

• Start a local discussion group with friends or community members to talk about AI, data science, and their societal impacts. This grassroots approach allows you to explore and debate these topics in an environment not controlled by larger entities. You could use social media or community bulletin boards to organize monthly meetings where you discuss articles, podcasts, and videos on the subject.
• Create a "no judgment" idea journal where you write down every idea you have, no matter how outlandish it seems. The key is not to censor yourself based on what you think is acceptable or conventional. Over time, review your journal and look for patterns or ideas that break the mold, which could lead to innovative approaches you might not have considered otherwise.
• Volunteer to mentor students or young professionals in your field, focusing on encouraging their questions and critical thinking skills. By acting as a mentor, you not only help others to develop their intellectual curiosity but also reinforce your own commitment to fostering an environment where curiosity is valued and nurtured.
• Organize a monthly "Challenge Assumptions" dinner with friends or family where each person brings a commonly accepted belief or 'fact' and presents arguments against it. This social setting not only makes the process enjoyable but also exposes you to different perspectives, fostering a climate of intellectual curiosity and growth.

Party Resistance Exacerbates Inequality, Degradation, and Institutional Issues

Strittmatter argues that the Party's resistance to genuine reform and its fixation on maintaining a monopoly on authority are exacerbating the country's challenges, including rampant inequality, environmental degradation, and food safety concerns. The author details how the lack of accountability, transparency, and independent institutions leads to corruption, mismanagement, and a disregard for people's well-being.

He explains how the system's reliance on harshly oppressing and sophisticated surveillance creates a climate of fear and distrust, hindering the development of a strong civil society and eroding the social capital essential to overcoming challenges. The author cites numerous examples of environmental disasters, food scandals, and social unrest that have been exacerbated by the leadership's resistance to addressing the root causes of these challenges, prioritizing stability and control above transparency and accountability.

Practical Tips

• Start a kitchen garden to grow your own produce, which can help mitigate environmental degradation and food safety concerns. Even a small balcony or windowsill can be used to grow herbs and vegetables. This not only gives you control over the use of pesticides and fertilizers but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with transporting food.
• Create a habit of asking "Why?" five times when you encounter a decision or policy in your workplace or community. This technique, known as the "Five Whys," helps to uncover the root cause of a problem and ensures that you don't accept things at face value, promoting a mindset that values accountability and transparency.
• You can foster transparency by starting a personal blog where you document your goals, progress, and challenges. Sharing your journey publicly encourages you to remain accountable and honest about your actions. For example, if you're working on a fitness goal, regularly posting updates on your workouts and diet can create a community of followers who will expect consistent progress, thus motivating you to stay on track and be transparent about any setbacks.
• Encourage open dialogue by hosting a monthly 'Living Room Conversations' event where diverse community members can discuss local issues in a safe, informal setting. This can be as simple as inviting a few neighbors over for coffee with the intention of discussing a predetermined topic. The goal is to create a space where people feel comfortable expressing their views without judgment, thereby strengthening community bonds.
• Implement a "Neighborhood Day" once a month where you and your neighbors agree to spend a few hours engaging in shared activities such as group clean-ups, potlucks, or games in a local park. These activities not only improve the physical environment but also build relationships and a sense of belonging, which are key components of social capital.
• Engage in "Solution Conversations" with friends and family. During these discussions, focus on a current event or issue, such as a food scandal, and collectively brainstorm ways to address the root cause rather than just the symptoms. This could lead to a shared commitment to buy from local, ethical sources or to start a community garden to contribute to food security.
• You can foster transparency by starting a peer feedback loop at work. Create a simple system where colleagues can anonymously submit constructive feedback about processes and management decisions. This could be as straightforward as a shared document or a dedicated email address where employees can voice concerns and suggestions, which are then reviewed and addressed in regular team meetings.

China's "Digital Authoritarianism" Threatens Global Democratic Norms

Strittmatter warns that China's authoritarian model, fueled by "digital Leninism" and a brazen desire to remake the global system, poses a serious threat to democratic norms and human rights around the globe.

Party Exports Surveillance Tech to Autocracies, Eroding Human Rights

The author highlights the dangers of China's aggressive export drive in surveillance technologies. Strittmatter details how China's ruling Communist Party and its private tech companies are actively disseminating facial recognition systems, AI-powered monitoring tools, and other sophisticated surveillance technologies to autocratic regimes around the world, empowering them to suppress dissent, monitor their citizens, and violate human rights.

He cites examples of Chinese technology being used to track and punish protesters, silence critics, and discriminate against ethnic and religious minorities, particularly in Xinjiang province, where Uighurs are subjected to extreme surveillance and mass internment. The author warns that, by proliferating these technologies and legitimizing their use, China is contributing to the global erosion of privacy, free speech, and other fundamental human rights.

Practical Tips

• Advocate for stronger privacy laws in your community by writing to your local representatives or supporting organizations that fight for digital rights. By voicing your concerns about the spread of surveillance technologies and the need for robust legal protections, you contribute to a larger movement that can influence policy and practice.
• You can enhance your privacy by covering your webcam and disabling microphones when not in use to prevent unauthorized access and potential surveillance. Many devices come with built-in cameras and microphones that can be exploited by malicious software to monitor you. By physically covering your webcam with a sticker or slider and turning off microphones in your device settings, you reduce the risk of being watched or listened to without your consent.
• You can enhance your digital privacy by using encryption tools and privacy-focused browsers and search engines. By doing so, you make it more difficult for any entity to track your online activities. For example, consider installing browser extensions that block trackers or using a virtual private network (VPN) to obscure your internet traffic.

China Uses Economic Clout to Enforce Authoritarian Agenda, Undermining Liberal International Order

Strittmatter argues that, beyond its technological exports, China is leveraging its growing economic clout to enforce its authoritarian agenda on the world stage, undermining the liberal international order and attempting to rewrite global norms to suit its interests. The author explains how China seeks to cultivate alliances with, and exert its influence over, governments, universities, think tanks, and media organizations around the world, using a mix of enticements, threats, and covert operations to advance its interests and silence dissent.

He details how, eager to access the Chinese market, Western businesses and governments are increasingly complying with Beijing's demands, including censoring content, suppressing criticism, and downplaying human rights concerns. This willingness to acquiesce, the author warns, emboldens the CCP and feeds into its narrative of the superiority of its authoritarian model, further undermining global democratic norms and contributing to a global decline in freedom and individual rights.

Practical Tips

• Choose to buy products from local or smaller businesses that source materials ethically. This consumer choice reduces reliance on large corporations that may be influenced by or complicit in authoritarian agendas. For instance, when shopping for clothes, opt for brands that manufacture locally and use ethical labor practices, or when buying electronics, research brands that ensure conflict-free sourcing of materials.
• Start a cultural exchange hobby club in your local community. By organizing regular meetups focused on learning about different countries, including their government systems, educational approaches, and media landscapes, you'll gain a grassroots understanding of international alliance-building.
• Practice assertive communication to resist undue influence. Role-play scenarios with friends or family where you might face pressure to conform or be silenced. Use "I" statements to express your thoughts and feelings without aggression or passivity. This exercise will prepare you to maintain your stance in real-life situations where your voice might be challenged.
• Engage in conversations with friends and family about the implications of market compliance. Discussing the topic in casual settings can raise awareness and potentially influence the purchasing decisions of your social circle. You might bring up how certain products or services are tied to international market strategies and suggest alternatives that better reflect shared values.
• Engage in social media platforms using a pseudonym to share your uncensored opinions on sensitive topics. This allows you to contribute to discussions without fear of personal repercussions, thus challenging the culture of content censorship. For instance, if a particular human rights concern is being ignored or censored, use your anonymous account to share information and resources that bring attention to the issue.
• Educate yourself on the global impact of different governance models by subscribing to a diverse range of international news sources. By broadening your perspective, you'll be able to understand the nuances of how different political systems affect global dynamics. For example, you could start by following media outlets from various regions and political leanings to get a well-rounded view of international affairs.
• Use social media platforms to amplify voices that defend democratic norms and individual rights. Share articles, videos, and posts from reputable sources that highlight the importance of democracy and the dangers of its decline. By doing so, you contribute to a broader awareness and understanding among your network, potentially influencing others to take a stand for these values.