PDF Summary:The Forgotten 500, by Gregory A. Freeman

During World War II, the courageous efforts of Yugoslav guerrilla leader Draza Mihailovich played a vital role in The Forgotten 500 by Gregory A. Freeman. This book recounts Operation Halyard, an undertaking that rescued over 500 Allied pilots stranded in Nazi-occupied territory.

Mihailovich's Chetnik forces provided aid and shelter to downed American airmen at great personal risk. However, shifting political allegiances resulted in Mihailovich's actions being overlooked. The rescued pilots vowed to honor the general's bravery after the war, a pledge that proved challenging given the operation's concealment by Allied powers.

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The local Serbian community took significant steps to help the American individuals.

The community from Serbia in the surrounding area showed limitless kindness. During periods of shortage, they generously offered the pilots sustenance, a place to relax, and their distinctive plum brandy. Engaging in these compassionate deeds was fraught with danger, given the constant threat of retaliation from German forces. The courageous villagers knew that by offering refuge to the Americans nearby, they not only created a safe haven but also drew the notice of German troops.

Mihailovich unequivocally stated that his men were responsible for the airmen's safety, with the understanding that failure to do so would result in their execution.

Mihailovich placed a strong emphasis on the essentiality of safeguarding the aviators. Should any misfortune occur while under the Chetniks' watch, the consequences would be severe. This underscores Mihailovich and his soldiers' steadfast commitment to protecting the American personnel, demonstrating their deep respect for fellow soldiers.

Mihailovich and his Chetniks established the essential foundation that enabled the successful rescue of American aviators who were marooned within enemy lines, underscoring a poignant tale of solidarity and resistance throughout the challenging era of World War II.

The act of political treachery is notably exemplified by the denial and suppression by the Allied forces of the mission that saved Mihailovich.

During World War II, the efforts of Yugoslav military commander Draza Mihailovich were crucial in rescuing Allied airmen who were marooned. The shifting dynamics of partnerships led to Mihailovich's abandonment by the very Allies he had once assisted, and the courageous specifics of the rescue efforts were intentionally kept secret.

Initially, the Allies offered their backing to Mihailovich; however, they subsequently shifted their allegiance elsewhere.

Initially, the Allied powers supported the Chetnik troops led by Mihailovich. Propelled by Communists like James Klugmann, who actively undermined Mihailovich's reputation, the Allies shifted their support to Tito. Klugmann, a Soviet mole within the British Special Operations Executive, overstated the wrongdoings of Mihailovich, minimized his resistance against the Germans, and highlighted Tito's achievements, thereby swaying British policy to support Tito over Mihailovich.

Allegations concerning Mihailovich's possible collaboration with Axis forces.

Accusations of collaboration with the enemy resulted in Mihailovich becoming alienated from the Allied forces. Despite his unwavering refusals of proposals from Germany and his telegrams underscoring his stance against them, the British officials remained skeptical, favoring a more vigorous form of opposition similar to the one shown by Tito's Partisans, which they failed to see in Mihailovich's behavior.

James Klugmann and his associates aimed to undermine Mihailovich's reputation.

James Klugmann was instrumental in transforming the dynamics of interaction with the Allied forces. By crafting a narrative that swayed key individuals within the British intelligence community, Klugmann effectively downplayed Mihailovich's significance, resulting in a shift of support towards Tito's partisans, which consequently led to Mihailovich being marginalized and ultimately losing the support of the Allies.

The government of the United States opted to reduce the focus on and maintain the secrecy of Operation Halyard.

The crucial involvement of Mihailovich in the rescue of more than 500 American pilots during Operation Halyard was significantly downplayed. The U.S. administration, wary of its diplomatic relationships, maintained secrecy regarding the operation's details to avoid acknowledging the support received from Mihailovich. This cover-up extended to the post-war period, with government records being classified and the entire operation largely kept out of public knowledge.

The awarding of the Legion of Merit to Mihailovich was kept secret for an extended period.

President Harry Truman posthumously conferred upon Mihailovich the Legion of Merit, a highly esteemed military honor reserved for foreign nationals. However, this significant honor was kept confidential due to political sensitivities, and the commendation remained hidden until an appropriate time for its disclosure could be determined. Nearly two decades afterward, it was Congressman Edward J. Derwinski's actions that illuminated the recognition, showcasing the depth of Mihailovich's bravery and the intricate activities of the Allied forces during the final phases of the conflict.

Upon being rescued, the American airmen pledged to honor Mihailovich after the war ended.

The conduct and memories of the American pilots following the hostilities unequivocally demonstrate their deep respect and steadfast commitment to General Draza Mihailovich and his Chetnik forces.

The aviators harbored a deep sense of gratitude and loyalty toward Mihailovich and his forces.

During a tumultuous period, the American pilots who received protection and support from Mihailovich's troops became staunch supporters of the General's character. The airmen, including Wilson, were deeply touched by the sacrifices, which inspired Wilson to commit to the precise recording of the historical events.

Military personnel assert Mihailovich's innocence, countering the accusations of collusion.

Upon returning to their homeland, the airmen joined forces to refute allegations of Mihailovich's collaboration with the enemy by engaging with the press, writing heartfelt articles, and openly advocating for him. Arthur Jibilian firmly opposed these claims, stating, "If he is to be called a collaborator, then I must be regarded in the same way."

Airmen united with determination to vindicate Mihailovich after his execution.

The pilots launched a fervent effort to posthumously clear Mihailovich's name. They lobbied politicians, sought to pass legislation for a monument in his honor, and supported public relations efforts to counter false narratives. A proposal was made to construct a memorial in the Capitol vicinity to honor the contributions and sacrifice of Mihailovich.

The lasting impact on the lives of the pilots.

The airmen and their descendants experienced the operation's effects deeply and for an extended duration. The bravery and selflessness of the Serbians were consistently recognized and honored in memory of Mihailovich and the efforts to save others.

The Air Force pays tribute to Mihailovich's legacy by commemorating the operation that resulted in numerous rescues.

The saved pilots held onto the memories of their deliverance and some returned to the small villages to express their deep appreciation to the Serbian villagers. They participated in events to honor and ensure the rightful recognition of Mihailovich's historical importance.

The progeny of the aviators persist in maintaining the tradition of bestowing honor upon Mihailovich.

The descendants of these pilots also bore a profound duty to honor Mihailovich for the aid provided to their forebears. They visited sites of importance to their forebears' liberation, paying tribute to the lasting impact of the actions taken in support of General Mihailovich and his heritage. The legacy of this intricate historical character is preserved through generations as the narratives of history keep unfolding, with enduring gratitude being continuously transmitted.