PDF Summary:Notable Native People, by Adrienne Keene

Notable Native People showcases groundbreaking Indigenous individuals who are reviving their cultural heritage, protecting their lands, and creating spaces for resilient Native narratives. Author Adrienne Keene highlights figures from diverse backgrounds who are resurging suppressed languages and practices, safeguarding food sovereignty, advocating for environmental justice, and redefining Indigenous identity through art and activism.

This eye-opening collection compels readers to understand the ongoing struggles and triumphs of Native communities. It shares empowering stories of language revivalists, knowledge keepers, activists, artists, and leaders who continue to preserve and innovate while honoring their ancestors' wisdom and strength.

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• Host a small art-sharing gathering with friends where each person brings a piece of art that they feel challenges societal norms or personal beliefs. Discuss each piece and its impact, fostering a safe space for confronting and discussing biases within a trusted circle.

Jamie Okuma's High-Fashion Beadwork Blends Tradition and Modernity

The author showcases Jamie Okuma, a Luiseño and Shoshone-Bannock artist and fashion designer, whose exquisite beadwork challenges conventional notions of what constitutes "Indigenous art." Her meticulously crafted pieces, ranging from traditional regalia to high-end fashion garments, blend traditional techniques with contemporary aesthetics and subject matter. Jamie’s work, often incorporating unexpected themes and imagery, pushes the limits of Native art, demonstrating its versatility and relevance in contemporary fashion.

Keene emphasizes how Okuma’s work challenges stereotypes and demonstrates the innovative spirit and artistic prowess of Indigenous creatives. She highlights how Jamie’s designs not only celebrate traditional beadwork techniques but also integrate them into contemporary fashion, demonstrating how Indigenous artistry can transcend conventional boundaries.

Practical Tips

• Incorporate elements of indigenous design into your personal style or home environment in a respectful and informed manner. Before doing so, educate yourself about the significance of the patterns, materials, and symbols to avoid cultural appropriation and instead celebrate the richness of the culture in a way that honors its origins.
• Support artists who push the boundaries of traditional art by purchasing their work or promoting it on social media. Find online marketplaces or local shops that sell art from creators who are known for their unconventional approaches. By becoming a patron of such artists, you contribute to the visibility and viability of art that defies stereotypes and broadens the definition of cultural expression.
• Host a themed clothing swap with friends where each person brings items that mix traditional elements with contemporary fashion. This encourages a shared experience of cultural appreciation and sustainable fashion practices. You could set guidelines such as bringing at least one piece that incorporates traditional designs or textiles. This not only refreshes your wardrobe but also sparks conversations about the significance and stories behind the traditional aspects of the clothing.
• Experiment with upcycling by giving a modern twist to vintage items. Find an old piece of furniture or decor at a thrift store or garage sale. Research its historical style and origin, then brainstorm ways to update it to fit a contemporary aesthetic. This could involve repainting, reupholstering, or even repurposing the item into something new. Through this hands-on project, you'll gain practical experience in blending the old with the new in a tangible way.
• Try redecorating a room in your home by choosing decor that clashes in a harmonious way, like industrial lamps in a Victorian-style living room. This juxtaposition can create a unique aesthetic that stimulates conversation and reflects a blend of historical and modern tastes.
• Support artisans who specialize in traditional beadwork by purchasing their creations and sharing their stories on social media. Look for local markets or online platforms that sell authentic beadwork, and choose items that resonate with you. By sharing your finds online, you help raise awareness and appreciation for the craft, potentially inspiring others to explore and support it as well.
• Create a DIY decoration piece by using traditional crafting techniques to make modern home decor. If there's a traditional method of weaving, pottery, or embroidery you're familiar with, use it to create something functional like coasters, plant holders, or cushion covers that fit a contemporary aesthetic.

Sterlin Harjo's Authentic Portrayals of Modern Native Life

Sterlin Harjo, a Seminole and Creek filmmaker, is lauded by Keene for his dedication to creating authentic and multi-dimensional portrayals of Native life in his films and television series. He recognizes the limitations of Hollywood and advocates for Native people to control their narratives. His co-creation of the series "Reservation Dogs," the first widely popular television series by Indigenous creators and producers, is a testament to his commitment to increasing Native representation in media.

The author argues that Harjo’s work, through its humor, drama, and realism, offers a much-needed alternative to the stereotypical and often harmful portrayals of Native individuals that have dominated media for far too long. She emphasizes the significance of Native individuals telling their experiences and controlling their narratives, making their voices heard in an industry that has historically marginalized and misrepresented them.

Practical Tips

• You can diversify your media consumption by actively seeking out and supporting Native-created content. Start by identifying films, TV shows, music, and books created by Native artists and make a conscious effort to include them in your entertainment routine. For example, if you enjoy reading, find a list of Native American authors and choose your next book from their works. If you're a film buff, look for movies directed by or starring Native individuals.
• Use humor, drama, and realism to give feedback in a more impactful way. When you need to provide feedback, whether it's positive or constructive, frame it in a story that includes these elements. For example, if a colleague has done a great job, you might tell them a humorous anecdote about how their work averted a dramatic crisis, highlighting the realistic outcomes of their efforts. This approach can make the feedback more memorable and meaningful.
• Create a monthly budget allocation for supporting native businesses and artists. Dedicate a portion of your spending to purchasing products, art, or services from native-owned enterprises. This financial support helps sustain their work and contributes to a more equitable industry representation.

Reclaiming Native Narratives, Increasing Visibility Through Media, Literature, Art

Keene emphasizes the importance of reclaiming Native narratives and amplifying Indigenous voices in diverse spheres, from literature and film to visual media and the arts. She highlights the efforts of individuals who utilize creative spaces to present the beauty, resilience, and intricacies of Indigenous experiences and challenge dominant perspectives.

Matika Wilbur's Project 562: Documenting Native Community Diversity

The author introduces Matika Wilbur, a Tulalip and Swinomish photographer and narrative artist, as a creator dedicated to changing perceptions of Native America. Her ambitious project, "Project 562," aims to photograph members of all the federally recognized tribes in the United States. Through her stunning portraits and accompanying narratives, Matika showcases the vast diversity of Native communities, challenging the tendency to homogenize and stereotype Native individuals.

The author positions Wilbur’s work as a powerful counter-narrative to the dominant, often romanticized or exoticized depictions of Native communities in mainstream media. Keene emphasizes how Matika’s emphasis on individual stories and contemporary experiences presents a more nuanced and authentic understanding of Indigenous identities and communities.

Context

• When Matika Wilbur began the project, there were 562 federally recognized tribes. The number has since increased, but the project retains its original name.
• Photography as a medium allows for a powerful visual representation of identity and culture, providing a platform for Native voices to be seen and heard authentically.
• Stereotyping can lead to misconceptions and biases that affect how Native individuals are perceived and treated in society, influencing everything from policy decisions to social interactions.
• By providing authentic narratives and images, projects like Wilbur's help to educate the public, fostering a more accurate and respectful understanding of Native American life today.
• Personal stories provide depth and context that statistics or generalized accounts cannot. They allow for a more personal connection and understanding, fostering empathy and awareness among broader audiences.

Tommy Orange's 'There There': Urban Native American Experiences

Tommy Orange, an author of Cheyenne and Arapaho descent, is highlighted by Keene for his groundbreaking novel, "There There," which offers a nuanced and moving portrayal of urban Native American experiences in Oakland, California. The novel follows a diverse cast of characters whose lives intersect, revealing the complexities of identity, community, and belonging in an urban Indigenous context. Tommy's work, drawing from his experiences growing up in Oakland, offers a fresh perspective on Native life, challenging the common assumption that Indigenous people exist solely in rural reservations or in the historical past.

Keene positions the novel as an important contribution to contemporary Indigenous literature, highlighting how it breaks down preconceptions and illuminates the often-overlooked realities of urban Native American communities. She encourages readers to seek out and engage with diverse forms of Indigenous literature, recognizing how storytelling can challenge narratives and foster understanding.

Context

• It delves into social issues such as addiction, poverty, and systemic racism, highlighting the challenges faced by Native Americans in urban areas.
• The novel's structure weaves together multiple narratives, each from a different character's perspective, to create a tapestry of interconnected stories. This approach highlights how individual experiences are part of a larger community narrative.
• Urban Native communities often form tight-knit networks to maintain cultural connections and support systems, which are crucial for preserving identity in a predominantly non-Native environment.
• The urban Native American population increased significantly due to policies like the Indian Relocation Act of 1956, which encouraged Native Americans to move to cities for job opportunities, often resulting in cultural dislocation and community fragmentation.
• Engaging with Indigenous literature allows readers to access a wide range of perspectives and experiences, reflecting the diversity within Native communities themselves, which can vary greatly in terms of culture, language, and history.

Jamaica Osorio's Poetry and Scholarship About Hawaiian Culture, Identity, and Activism

The author showcases Jamaica Osorio, a Kanaka Maoli writer, researcher, and activist, as an individual who weaves together resistance, cultural heritage, and linguistic elements in her work. Jamaica's impactful poetry expresses the elegance, anguish, and fervor of Hawaiian heritage and identity, often incorporating 'Olelo Hawai'i to emphasize how crucial language revitalization is. Her scholarship looks at Hawaiian mo'olelo (stories) from an Indigenous feminist perspective, highlighting the roles and experiences of women within Hawaiian culture. As an activist, Jamaica was significantly engaged in the campaign to defend Mauna Kea from the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project, composing chants and songs for the movement and participating in non-violent direct action.

Keene highlights Osorio’s work as a testament to the power of art, scholarship, and activism to challenge colonial narratives, amplify Indigenous voices, and inspire collective action.

Context

• Kanaka Maoli refers to the Indigenous people of Hawaii, emphasizing their unique cultural and historical identity distinct from other Pacific Islanders.
• Her perspective often includes an Indigenous feminist lens, which seeks to elevate the voices and experiences of Hawaiian women, challenging patriarchal structures both within and outside of Hawaiian society.
• Poetry can be a powerful tool for activism, providing a means to express resistance, convey emotional truths, and mobilize communities. It often captures the complexities of identity and heritage in ways that resonate deeply with audiences.
• These are traditional Hawaiian stories, myths, and legends that convey cultural values, history, and knowledge. They are integral to preserving Hawaiian identity and are often passed down orally through generations.
• Mauna Kea is a sacred mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii, revered in Native Hawaiian culture as a spiritual and ancestral site. It is considered a place of worship and a connection to the divine.
• The protests against the TMT have largely been characterized by non-violent resistance, including peaceful demonstrations, sit-ins, and the use of cultural practices to assert Indigenous rights and sovereignty.
• Opponents of the TMT argue that the construction would not only disrupt sacred cultural sites but also harm the fragile ecosystem of Mauna Kea, which is home to unique flora and fauna.
• These are stories or perspectives that have historically been imposed by colonizing powers, often marginalizing or misrepresenting Indigenous cultures and histories. Challenging these narratives involves questioning and deconstructing the dominant stories that have been accepted as truth.
• The use of 'Olelo Hawai'i in Osorio's work is part of a broader movement to revive and sustain Indigenous languages, which are crucial for preserving cultural identity and knowledge.
• Her involvement in environmental movements, such as the Mauna Kea protests, highlights the interconnectedness of cultural and environmental preservation, inspiring collective action to protect sacred lands.

Political Activism and Social Engagement

Supporting the Rights, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination of Native Peoples

Keene stresses how vital Indigenous efforts are to securing and protecting Indigenous rights, self-rule, and self-determination. She highlights the work of individuals who have dedicated their lives to fighting for justice, advocating for their communities, and challenging oppressive systems.

Madonna Thunder Hawk's Struggle for Native Rights

The author presents Madonna Thunder Hawk, a Lakota activist from the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, as an inspirational figure in the fight for Indigenous rights and sovereignty. For decades, Madonna has played a leading role in numerous movements and occupations, including Alcatraz, Wounded Knee, and Standing Rock. Her work alongside the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the founding of Women of All Red Nations (WARN) highlight the significance of grassroots organizing and the power of Indigenous women's leadership in advocating for their communities.

Keene frames Thunder Hawk’s activism as a testament to the enduring spirit of resistance and the ongoing struggle for Native self-determination. Madonna’s story exemplifies the commitment and resilience required to challenge oppressive systems and promote Indigenous people's rights and welfare.

Practical Tips

• You can deepen your understanding of indigenous movements by creating a virtual timeline of key events. Start by researching significant moments in indigenous rights history not covered in your recent readings, such as the 1969 Occupation of Alcatraz or the 1973 Wounded Knee Incident. Use free online tools like Tiki-Toki or Time.Graphics to visualize the chronology and context of these events, which can help you grasp the continuity and evolution of indigenous activism.
• Start a neighborhood resource exchange to foster community self-reliance and cooperation. By creating a simple bulletin board, either physical or digital, neighbors can offer and request items or services they need, encouraging a grassroots approach to mutual aid. For example, someone might offer to lend gardening tools while another requests help with learning a new language.
• You can channel your passion for a cause by creating a visual symbol that represents your commitment to resistance and wearing it daily. This could be a pin, a bracelet, or a custom-designed t-shirt that both expresses your stance and sparks conversations with others. For example, if you're passionate about environmental conservation, you might wear a pin shaped like a tree or a t-shirt with a powerful message about protecting nature.
• Educate yourself on current Native issues by subscribing to newsletters from indigenous organizations. This keeps you informed about the challenges and progress in Native communities. Organizations like the Native American Rights Fund or the Indigenous Environmental Network often offer newsletters that highlight legal battles, land rights issues, and environmental concerns affecting Native peoples.
• Start a resilience journal to track your personal challenges and growth. By reflecting on daily experiences, you can identify patterns in your own resilience and commitment. For example, note situations where you stood up for your beliefs or persisted through a difficult task, and how you felt before, during, and after.

Haunani-Kay Trask's Scholarship and Activism for Hawaii's Self-Determination

Keene identifies Haunani-Kay Trask, a Kanaka Maoli educator, political scientist, and activist, as a leading voice advocating for self-governance in Hawai'i. Her scholarship and activism challenge the legitimacy of the U.S. occupation of Hawai'i, calling for Kanaka Maoli people to have their land and self-governance restored. She argues that being Hawaiian is inherently political and cannot be detached from the struggle for sovereignty.

Keene positions Trask’s work as a pivotal contribution to the decolonization of Hawai'i and the reshaping of Kanaka Maoli understandings of their political identity. Trask's unwavering commitment to Hawaiian sovereignty is an inspiration for Indigenous communities worldwide, highlighting the importance of challenging colonial legacies and fighting for self-determination.

Practical Tips

• Support Hawaiian-owned businesses to contribute to the economic strength of the Hawaiian community. Make a habit of purchasing from Hawaiian-owned businesses online or, if possible, when visiting Hawaii. Look for directories or labels that identify businesses as Hawaiian-owned.
• Engage with your local library to request books and resources that address colonial legacies. Ask the librarians if they can stock books that delve into the history and ongoing effects of colonialism from the perspective of those who were colonized. This not only benefits your learning but also makes these resources available to the wider community, fostering a collective understanding and challenging of colonial legacies.

Other Perspectives

• Some legal scholars argue that international law recognizes the U.S. sovereignty over Hawai'i due to the long-standing and uncontested governance of the islands by the U.S.
• Self-governance in Hawai'i could lead to economic challenges, as the state currently benefits from federal funding and resources that might be reduced or lost with increased autonomy.
• There may be differing opinions within the Kanaka Maoli community itself regarding the best approach to sovereignty and self-governance, with some advocating for full independence and others for a form of autonomy within the existing U.S. framework.
• It could be contended that reducing Hawaiian identity to a political dimension oversimplifies the rich cultural, historical, and social aspects of what it means to be Hawaiian.
• There could be a debate on whether Trask's approach to activism and her rhetoric are the most effective means of promoting unity and progress within the movement for Hawaiian sovereignty.
• The impact of Trask's work on reshaping political identity could be perceived differently across generations, with younger Kanaka Maoli potentially integrating new ideas and influences into their political consciousness.
• The focus on Trask as an inspirational figure could inadvertently overshadow other activists and scholars who have also made significant contributions to the global Indigenous rights movement.
• Advocating for self-determination may overlook the complexities of international law and the challenges of gaining recognition from other states and international bodies.

James Kaulia's Leadership in the Struggle Against Annexation

James Keauiluna Kaulia, a dedicated Hawaiian patriot and leader of the 'Ahahui Aloha 'Aina (Hawaiian Patriot League), is highlighted by Keene for his instrumental role in resisting the U.S. annexation of Hawai'i in the late nineteenth century. James, along with other Hawaiian leaders including Queen Lili'uokalani, challenged the unlawful monarchy takeover and pushed for Hawaii's sovereignty before the U.S. Senate, successfully delaying annexation for several years.

The author frames Kaulia’s work as a testament to the strength and determination of Hawaiians in fighting for their independence. Despite Hawaii eventually being annexed, Kaulia’s legacy continues to inspire contemporary sovereignty movements, underscoring the ongoing struggle for self-determination and the recognition of the illegal nature of the U.S. occupation.

Context

• The resistance efforts included organizing petitions, public meetings, and rallies to demonstrate widespread opposition to annexation, which were significant in delaying the process.
• The annexation was controversial and considered illegal by many, as it was conducted without the consent of the Native Hawaiian population, violating principles of self-determination.
• Queen Lili'uokalani was a key figure in the resistance against the overthrow. She sought to restore the monarchy and the rights of Native Hawaiians, appealing to the U.S. government to reinstate her as the rightful leader.
• Despite the delay, Hawaii was eventually annexed in 1898 through the Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution of Congress, which required a simple majority rather than a treaty ratification.
• The legacy of leaders like Kaulia influences current debates on Hawaiian statehood, federal recognition of native Hawaiians, and the socio-economic impacts of tourism and development on native communities.
• The U.S. occupation refers to the events following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, which was supported by American and European business interests. This led to the establishment of a provisional government and eventually the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898.

Tackling Inequities and Injustices Through Organizing and Reforming Policies

This section focuses on Native advocates who have worked to address systemic inequalities and injustices faced by their communities. Keene explores how these individuals utilize various strategies, including direct action, policy advocacy, legislation, and organizing communities, to push for change.

Bobbi Jean Three Legs' Impact on the No DAPL Movement

Bobbi Jean Three Legs, a youth activist from the Lakota tribe at Standing Rock, is acknowledged by Keene for her pivotal role in the #NoDAPL movement, which challenged the construction of DAPL through sacred lands and threatened water sources. Bobbi Jean, inspired by the Lakota tradition of running for causes, organized youth runs to raise awareness and mobilize support, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Camp of the Sacred Stones and the burgeoning of the #NoDAPL movement.

The author positions Three Legs’s activism as a testament to how impactful youth leadership can be and the importance of grounding movements in cultural traditions and values. Bobbi Jean's story demonstrates how Indigenous youth are leading the way in fighting for environmental justice and asserting their right to protect their territories and waters.

Practical Tips

• You can support grassroots movements by contributing to crowdfunding campaigns or wish lists. Many activists and organizations on the ground have limited resources and often turn to online crowdfunding platforms to gather the necessary funds for their initiatives. Look for verified campaigns that are linked to the causes you believe in and make a donation. Even small contributions can add up and make a significant impact when many people chip in.
• Develop a series of "Run for Awareness" personal fitness goals that tie in with a calendar of awareness months or days. You can share your progress on social media to raise awareness among your network. For example, set a goal to run 50 miles during Mental Health Awareness Month and share facts about mental health with each run update.
• Create a visual roadmap of a project you're passionate about, using a poster or digital design tool. This visual aid will serve as a constant reminder of your mission and the steps needed to achieve it, similar to how a physical camp serves as a focal point for a cause. If you're looking to reduce waste in your neighborhood, your roadmap might include research, community outreach, and setting up recycling stations, with timelines and checkpoints.
• Start a conversation with the young people in your life about leadership and activism. Ask them what issues they're passionate about and discuss ways they could take initiative, whether it's starting a petition, writing to local representatives, or simply educating their peers.
• Create a neighborhood watch for environmental hazards to safeguard your community's natural resources. Gather a group of like-minded neighbors to monitor and report any illegal dumping, pollution, or other environmental harm in your area. Use social media or a simple phone tree to quickly communicate any issues you find.

Suzan Harjo's Advocacy for Native Rights and Mascot Removal

Keene commends Suzan Shown Harjo—a writer, curator, and activist of Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee Creek heritage—for her decades of dedication to supporting Native rights and confronting damaging stereotypes, especially Native American mascots. Suzan has been instrumental in drafting and passing crucial legislation that protects Indigenous rights and cultural heritage, including the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, NAGPRA, and the Executive Order on Indian Sacred Sites.

Keene frames Harjo's activism as a testament to the strength of perseverance and strategic advocacy. Suzan's work demonstrates how Native advocates can effectively challenge injustices, influence policy change, and advance the rights and well-being of their communities.

Context

• Enacted in 1990, this law provides a process for museums and federal agencies to return certain cultural items, including human remains and sacred objects, to lineal descendants and culturally affiliated tribes.
• Suzan Harjo has received numerous accolades for her work, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, highlighting the national recognition of her contributions to civil rights and cultural preservation.
• Issued in 1996, this order requires federal agencies to accommodate access to and ceremonial use of Indian sacred sites by Indian religious practitioners and to avoid adversely affecting the physical integrity of such sites.
• Native American mascots have been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes and disrespecting Indigenous cultures. Advocacy against these mascots is part of a broader movement to promote cultural sensitivity and respect.

Nicolle Gonzales' Efforts to Revitalize Indigenous Birthing and Improve Maternal Health

Nicolle Gonzales, a Diné nurse and midwife, is presented by Keene as an advocate for culturally grounded approaches to healthcare, particularly in the realm of birthing and maternal health. She recognizes the harm caused by the medicalization and Westernization of birthing practices within Indigenous communities and advocates for the revival of traditional knowledge and practices that center the needs and experiences of Native women. Through her organization, Nicolle provides holistic and culturally relevant care to Native mothers, empowering them to choose birthing practices that align with their values and traditions.

The author positions Gonzales’s work as a vital contribution to decolonizing healthcare and addressing the unequal outcomes in the health of mothers and infants that disproportionately impact Native populations. Nicolle’s efforts highlight the importance of respecting traditional Indigenous wisdom and empowering women in Indigenous communities to make informed choices about their bodies and childbirth experiences.

Practical Tips

• You can learn about the Diné culture and its approach to childbirth by visiting local museums or cultural centers that feature Indigenous exhibits. This will give you a deeper understanding of the context in which Nicolle Gonzales practices midwifery. For example, if you live near a museum with an exhibit on Native American cultures, take the time to visit and engage with the material, focusing on sections that discuss health practices and women's roles.
• You can create a digital storytelling platform where Native mothers share their birthing experiences and practices. By setting up a simple website or social media group, you provide a space for storytelling and knowledge exchange. This platform could feature video interviews, written stories, and live Q&A sessions, allowing mothers to showcase their traditions and learn from each other.
• Volunteer with organizations that work towards improving healthcare for marginalized communities, focusing on those that emphasize decolonization and cultural competence. By offering your time and skills, you can support initiatives that aim to reshape healthcare practices to be more inclusive and respectful of diverse cultural backgrounds.
• You can support Native mothers and infants by purchasing from businesses that directly contribute to their communities. Look for companies that are owned by Native individuals or that pledge a portion of their profits to health initiatives for Native communities. By doing so, you're not only becoming a more conscious consumer but also helping to funnel resources into programs that could address health disparities.
• You can deepen your understanding of Indigenous wisdom by starting a personal journal where you reflect on natural cycles and their impact on your daily life. For example, note how the changing seasons affect your mood, food choices, and energy levels, drawing parallels with Indigenous teachings about the interconnectedness of life and nature.

Sports, Athletics, and Outdoor Skills

Excelling in Sports While Honoring Indigenous Traditions

Keenen highlights Indigenous individuals who have excelled in sports, demonstrating how athleticism can powerfully honor tradition, create bonds, and promote pride in one's culture.

Nick Hanson's American Ninja Warrior Showcases of Inupiaq Traditional Skills

The author introduces Nick Hanson, an Inupiaq athlete known for his appearances on the popular television show "American Ninja Warrior," as an individual who uses his visibility to feature Alaska Native customs and skills. Nick's participation in the yearly Native Youth Olympics (NYO), which emphasizes strength, endurance, and skills honed through generations of living in the Arctic, prepared him for the challenges of the obstacle course. He recognizes the importance of physical activity for promoting well-being and pride in the culture of Alaska's Indigenous peoples among youth.

Keene uses Hanson's story to demonstrate how traditional Indigenous games can translate to contemporary sports and how athletic achievements can be a source of inspiration and empowerment for Indigenous youth.

Context

• This is a competitive reality TV show where contestants tackle a series of challenging obstacle courses, testing their physical and mental endurance.
• The NYO promotes holistic development by encouraging not only physical fitness but also mental discipline, teamwork, and respect for cultural traditions, which are integral to the well-being of Indigenous communities.
• Regular physical activity is known to improve mental health, reduce stress, and combat issues like obesity and diabetes, which are prevalent in some Indigenous communities due to historical and socio-economic factors.
• Many of these games focus on developing skills such as balance, agility, and strength, which are directly applicable to modern sports and physical activities.
• Success in sports can lead to scholarships and educational opportunities, providing pathways for Indigenous youth to pursue higher education.

Jim Thorpe's Legendary Olympic Success With the Sauk and Meskwaki Nations

The author describes Jim Thorpe, a Sac and Fox athlete widely considered one of the top athletes of the twentieth century, as an Indigenous legend who broke barriers and defied expectations in the world of sports. Despite facing adversity and discrimination, Jim excelled in multiple sports, including football, athletics, and baseball. He became the first Indigenous athlete to win gold in the Olympics at the 1912 Stockholm Games, taking home the top prize in both the pentathlon and decathlon, a testament to both his natural athleticism and his determination.

Keene portrays Thorpe’s experiences as an example of how Indigenous athletes have long excelled in sports, challenging preconceived notions and asserting their presence on the world stage.

Practical Tips

• Create a sports-themed book club focusing on athletes from underrepresented groups to foster discussions and awareness within your social circle. This can lead to a greater appreciation of the diversity in sports and the unique challenges faced by athletes like Jim Thorpe.
• Embrace a diverse fitness routine to build overall athleticism, similar to how Jim Thorpe excelled in multiple sports. Start by selecting a variety of physical activities you enjoy, such as swimming, cycling, and weightlifting, and allocate different days of the week to each. This approach can improve your physical abilities across different domains and keep your workout regimen exciting.
• Challenge your own limits by setting a personal record in a physical activity you've never tried before. For instance, if you've never swum competitively, time yourself swimming laps and work to improve that time over a month. This mirrors the spirit of breaking barriers by pushing you into new athletic territories.
• Celebrate the achievements of Indigenous athletes by creating a social media hashtag campaign to share their stories and inspire others. Use platforms like Twitter or Instagram to highlight past and present Indigenous athletes' accomplishments, using a unique hashtag that can gain traction and create a sense of community and recognition around their successes.
• Set up a personal biathlon challenge to test and improve your multitasking abilities. Choose two completely different tasks, like solving a puzzle and preparing a new recipe. Practice these tasks separately at first, then try to alternate between them in set intervals, gradually decreasing the time between switches. This can help you become more adaptable and efficient in switching focus, reflecting the varied demands of multiple events in a decathlon.
• Set a long-term determination challenge by picking a skill or project that's known for its difficulty and committing to it for a set period, like learning a new language or building a piece of furniture from scratch. Track your progress and set milestones to maintain motivation, reflecting on each small victory to reinforce your determination.

Kyrie Irving's Lakota Heritage Reconnection and Indigenous Advocacy

Kyrie Irving, a professional basketball player with Lakota heritage, exemplifies the importance of reconnecting to one’s Indigenous roots and using one’s platform to advocate for social justice, according to Keene. Despite growing up away from his Standing Rock Lakota community due to his mother’s adoption out of the tribe, Kyrie has sought to learn about his heritage and publicly support Indigenous causes, particularly during the #NoDAPL protests. His reconnection with his tribe and his willingness to speak out about social justice issues show the impact of embracing one’s Indigenous identity and using one’s influence to make a positive difference.

Keene highlights Irving’s journey as an example of how Indigenous individuals can reclaim their culture and use their platforms to spotlight issues affecting Indigenous groups.

Context

• As a prominent athlete, Irving serves as a role model, particularly for young Indigenous people, demonstrating the importance of embracing one's heritage and standing up for community issues.
• Kyrie Irving's mother, Elizabeth Larson, was a member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, but she was adopted out of the community, which led to a disconnect from his Lakota heritage during his upbringing.
• The #NoDAPL protests were a series of demonstrations against the Dakota Access Pipeline, which was planned to run near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. Protesters, including many Indigenous groups, argued that the pipeline threatened water sources and sacred lands.
• Reconnecting with one's heritage can provide a sense of belonging and identity, which is crucial for personal well-being and resilience.
• Kyrie Irving, as a high-profile NBA player, has a significant social media following and media presence, which amplifies his ability to reach a wide audience when advocating for social justice issues.
• Public figures can influence policy by drawing attention to legislative needs and injustices faced by Indigenous communities, potentially leading to legal and systemic changes.

Conserving and Spreading Ancestral Land, Environment, and Survival Knowledge

Keene highlights how vital Indigenous knowledge is and its crucial role in understanding and navigating the natural world. This section showcases individuals who have contributed significantly to maintaining and disseminating this knowledge, demonstrating its continued relevance and importance in contemporary contexts.

Taqulittuq: Inuit Guide and Translator For Arctic Expeditions

The author tells the story of Taqulittuq, an Inuit translator and leader, as a testament to the invaluable contributions of Indigenous knowledge to Arctic exploration and survival. Taqulittuq accompanied various non-Native explorations in the mid-1800s, providing crucial skills in navigation, translation, and understanding the environment in that region. Her intimate knowledge of the environment and her ability to adapt to extreme conditions helped ensure the survival and triumph of many expeditions.

Keene underscores the crucial role that Indigenous guides, like Taqulittuq, played in shaping the narratives and outcomes of northern polar expeditions, highlighting how their knowledge and skills were often overlooked or undervalued.

Context

• In the 1800s, exploration was predominantly male-dominated, making Taqulittuq's role as a female leader and guide particularly significant in challenging gender norms of the time.
• Knowledge of local resources, such as which plants and animals were edible or useful for tools, would have been essential for sustaining long-term expeditions in the Arctic.
• The ability to adapt to rapidly changing weather conditions is crucial in the Arctic, where sudden storms or temperature drops can pose significant threats to unprepared explorers.
• As translators, Indigenous guides facilitated communication between explorers and local communities, which was vital for acquiring resources and information.
• The colonial mindset prevalent at the time often led to a hierarchical view of Indigenous peoples, seeing them as subordinates rather than equals, which contributed to the undervaluation of their expertise.

Nainoa Thompson's Leadership In Reviving Hawaiian Voyaging

Keene presents Nainoa Thompson, a Kanaka Maoli master navigator, who revived ancient Polynesian wayfinding, challenging Western assumptions about the limits of knowledge from Indigenous peoples. Nainoa's leadership in the Polynesian Voyaging Society, particularly his position navigating the Hokule'a canoe across vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean without modern instruments, has demonstrated the profound sophistication and accuracy of traditional navigation techniques.

The author utilizes Thompson’s story to highlight the importance of revitalizing traditional knowledge and practices, not only to preserve cultural heritage but also to challenge dominant narratives and reclaim Indigenous viewpoints on the world.

Context

• The voyages have been used as educational tools to teach younger generations about navigation, environmental stewardship, and cultural heritage.
• Navigation is deeply embedded in Polynesian culture and identity, serving as a testament to their ancestors' ingenuity and understanding of the natural world.
• Many traditional practices include holistic approaches to health and well-being, offering alternative or complementary methods to modern medicine.
• Traditional knowledge can inspire innovation across various fields, including science, technology, and the arts, by offering different ways of understanding and interacting with the world.
• Revitalizing traditional practices can empower Indigenous communities by strengthening social bonds and fostering a sense of pride and self-determination.

Groundbreaking Careers and Achievements

Indigenous Breaking Barriers in Stem

Keene emphasizes that Indigenous people have always been innovators and scientists, holding a deep understanding of nature and its workings. They have been overlooked in the realm of modern STEM fields, but many individuals are working to reclaim these spaces and show the connection of Indigenous knowledge and Western science.

Aaron Yazzie: Nasa Engineer Designing Mars Mission Components

The author introduces Aaron Yazzie, a Diné engineer specializing in mechanics who works at NASA's JPL, as an individual who blends his Indigenous heritage with a passion for space exploration. Aaron's work on designing and producing parts for spacecraft to explore Mars reflects his dedication to pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge. He also views his contributions as an extension of traditional Diné concepts about the cosmos and the interconnected nature of all things.

Keene uses Yazzie’s story to inspire Native youth to pursue careers in STEM fields, highlighting how Indigenous knowledge and perspectives can complement and enrich scientific endeavors.

Context

• NASA's missions to Mars aim to understand the planet's climate and geology, assess its past habitability, and prepare for future human exploration.
• For Indigenous engineers like Yazzie, integrating cultural perspectives can offer unique insights into problem-solving and innovation, enriching the scientific process.
• The components designed by Yazzie are crucial for the success of Mars missions, as they must withstand extreme conditions such as high radiation, low temperatures, and the thin Martian atmosphere.
• Indigenous knowledge systems, including those of the Diné, often incorporate observations of natural phenomena and celestial bodies, which can complement scientific approaches by providing holistic perspectives on environmental and cosmic relationships.

Mary Golda Ross: First Indigenous Woman Engineer at Lockheed

The author lauds Mary Golda Ross, a Cherokee citizen, as a pioneering figure in the field of engineering, breaking barriers as the earliest recognized Indigenous woman engineer and Lockheed's first woman engineer. Her work on developing initial concepts for interplanetary travel highlights the important contributions of Indigenous people to scientific advancement, often despite facing discrimination and marginalization.

The author utilizes Ross’s story to showcase the often overlooked achievements of women from Indigenous communities in STEM fields, emphasizing how their contributions have shaped scientific progress.

Context

• Ross earned a degree in mathematics, which was uncommon for women, especially Indigenous women, at the time, highlighting her dedication and skill in a challenging academic field.
• Her role at Lockheed not only broke barriers but also served as an inspiration for future Indigenous and female engineers, encouraging diversity in STEM fields.
• Mary Golda Ross was part of the top-secret Skunk Works team at Lockheed, which was known for its advanced and innovative aerospace projects.
• Many modern medicines are derived from plants that Indigenous peoples have used for centuries. For instance, the use of willow bark by Indigenous peoples for pain relief led to the development of aspirin.
• Historical exclusion from mainstream scientific narratives means many Indigenous innovations and methodologies have been underrecognized.

Indigenous Leaders in Politics, Government, and Serving Their Communities

Keene emphasizes the crucial part Native individuals play in leading their communities, advocating for their rights, and advancing self-determination. They exemplify resilience and inspiration to their people.

Wilma Mankiller: First Female Cherokee Nation Principal Chief

Wilma Mankiller, the first female Principal Chief in Cherokee Nation history, is presented by Keene as a transformative leader whose legacy continues to inspire Indigenous communities. Wilma's childhood in poverty, witnessing the challenges faced by urban Native populations, and participating in activist movements shaped her dedication to empowering Cherokee people and championing their self-governance. During her time as Principal Chief, she focused on economic development, social programs, and improving the health and well-being of Cherokee citizens.

The author positions Mankiller’s life as a testament to the power of leadership by Native women and the importance of community-driven solutions to address social and economic challenges.

Practical Tips

• Create a personal development plan focused on leadership skills, including courses on public speaking, conflict resolution, and cultural competency. This plan will help you build the necessary skills to lead effectively in diverse environments. Look for free online resources or community workshops to keep this cost-effective.
• Reflect on your own experiences with adversity and consider how you can use them to empathize with and support others. Write down a list of challenges you've overcome and think about organizations or groups that help people facing similar issues. Reach out to these groups and offer to share your story or provide support based on your personal understanding of the struggle, which could be as simple as tutoring students from low-income families or offering to help at a local food bank.
• You can amplify activist movements by creating shareable digital content that highlights key issues. Start by researching a cause you're passionate about and use free graphic design tools like Canva to create informative infographics or compelling images that can be shared on social media. This approach allows you to contribute to the movement's visibility and educate others without needing to be on the front lines of activism.
• Volunteer for a local committee or board that aligns with your interests, such as a school board or neighborhood association. This hands-on experience will give you insight into the principles of self-governance and allow you to contribute to decision-making at a grassroots level.
• Consider volunteering your time with a local non-profit that focuses on economic development. Through this, you can gain firsthand experience in the field, understand the challenges and opportunities within your community, and contribute to projects that aim to stimulate economic growth. Your involvement could range from assisting with event planning to supporting business literacy programs.
• Volunteer your time with organizations that focus on preserving Cherokee language and culture. This hands-on approach allows you to directly contribute to the revitalization of important cultural aspects. Look for local non-profits that offer language classes or cultural workshops and offer to help with administrative tasks, event planning, or other needs they might have.
• Create a small garden to grow your own vegetables and herbs, which can contribute to a healthier diet and provide a sense of accomplishment. Gardening is not only a way to ensure you have fresh, organic produce but also serves as a form of physical activity and stress relief. As you tend to your garden, you're also likely to spend more time outdoors, which has been linked to improved mental health.
• Create a personal reading list focused on books and articles written by Native women leaders to gain insights into their approaches to leadership. As you read, take notes on the strategies and philosophies that resonate with you, and think about how you can incorporate these into your own leadership style or support systems. This self-curated syllabus can serve as a foundation for your understanding and appreciation of Native women's contributions to leadership.
• Implement a "time bank" among friends to trade hours of work instead of money. Keep track of the hours you spend helping friends with tasks like babysitting, home repairs, or any other service. They, in turn, owe you that time in services they can provide. This system values everyone's time equally and strengthens social bonds.

Twyla Baker's Leadership and Support for Native STEM at NHSC

Twyla Baker, president of Nueta Hidatsa Sahnish College and a member of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, is highlighted by Keene as a proponent of Indigenous education and STEM advancement. As the only tribal college president with a STEM background, Twyla works tirelessly to increase Native representation in these fields, mentoring students and faculty and promoting the integration of Indigenous knowledge and Western science.

Keene portrays Baker’s work as an example of how Indigenous leaders are molding the future of higher education and inspiring the coming wave of Native scientists, engineers, and scholars.

Context

• As a president, Baker would be responsible for overseeing the college's operations, setting strategic directions, and advocating for resources and policies that support the institution's mission and its students.
• The Arikara, originally from the Great Plains, have a history of being semi-nomadic and were also skilled farmers. They have a distinct language and cultural practices.
• Mentorship is a critical component in education, providing guidance, support, and role models for students, which can be especially impactful in underrepresented communities.
• STEM fields can offer solutions to challenges faced by Indigenous communities, such as environmental management, healthcare, and technology access, making Baker's leadership particularly impactful.
• As a mentor, Baker may also facilitate networking opportunities, connecting students and faculty with professionals and organizations that can offer further support and resources.
• Successful integration can be seen in fields like environmental science, where Indigenous fire management practices are used alongside modern techniques to manage landscapes and prevent wildfires.
• Tribal colleges play a vital role in providing culturally relevant education to Native students, often serving as community hubs for cultural preservation and economic development.
• Having role models from similar backgrounds can inspire students to pursue careers in STEM, showing them that success is attainable and that they have a place in these fields.

Sharice Davids' Historic Congressional Election

The author celebrates Davids, a Ho-Chunk citizen, as a trailblazer who made history in 2018 by becoming one of the first two Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress. Sharice’s background as a lawyer, MMA fighter, and advocate for LGBTQ+ rights demonstrates the diversity of experiences and talents within Indigenous groups. As a congresswoman, she has used her position to advocate for policies that benefit Native people, such as the Violence Against Women Act, which includes provisions to address the crisis of missing and murdered Native American women.

Keene emphasizes how crucial it is to have visibility and be represented in politics, highlighting how Davids’s presence in Congress helps ensure that Indigenous voices and perspectives are included in national policy discussions.

Context

• The Ho-Chunk people have faced numerous challenges, including forced relocations and land cessions due to U.S. government policies in the 19th century. Understanding this history provides insight into the significance of Davids' achievements.
• Alongside Sharice Davids, Deb Haaland, a member of the Laguna Pueblo, was also elected in 2018, marking a historic moment for Native American representation.
• As an openly lesbian woman, Davids has been a vocal advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, working to ensure equality and protection for LGBTQ+ individuals. Her advocacy is informed by her personal experiences and commitment to diversity and inclusion.
• By having leaders with varied backgrounds, policies can be more inclusive and considerate of different community needs, particularly those of marginalized groups.
• Native American women face murder rates more than ten times the national average, highlighting the severity of the issue and the need for targeted legislative action.
• Representation helps increase cultural awareness and understanding among the broader population, promoting inclusivity and reducing stereotypes.
• Davids’s presence in Congress serves as an inspiration for young Native Americans, encouraging greater political participation and interest in public service careers.