PDF Summary:Call Me American, by Abdi Nor Iftin

Call Me American by Abdi Nor Iftin recounts his remarkable journey from life as a young Somali nomad to a visa-holding resident of the United States. Iftin's story paints a vivid portrait of his childhood in war-torn Mogadishu and the harrowing circumstances that compelled him to seek asylum. His narrative illuminates the plight of refugees navigating treacherous obstacles—whether evading armed militias or facing the bureaucratic maze of the immigration process.

Undeterred, Iftin perseveres, his aspirations fueled by the vision of a brighter future in America. His resilience ultimately leads him across continents, culminating in his arrival in the U.S. and the beginning of a new life filled with both optimism and uncertainty.

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• Many armed groups are motivated by economic desperation, using violence and intimidation as a means to survive or profit, which increases the risk for those traveling through these areas.
• The Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya are among the largest in the world, hosting hundreds of thousands of refugees, primarily from Somalia. These camps often lack adequate resources, but they provide a semblance of safety compared to the conflict zones.

Abdi's numerous unsuccessful attempts to reach the refugee settlements in Kenya.

Abdi faced economic hurdles in his journey, which included passing through the crucial city of Bosaso with the intention of reaching Yemen and potentially continuing to the refugee settlements in Kenya. He is deeply saddened as he watches ships transporting his fellow Somalis depart, but he does not have the necessary funds to accompany them on their voyage across the sea to Yemen. Abdi Nor Iftin's narrative powerfully illustrates the economic obstacles that frequently hinder refugees' escape to safety, underscoring the dire conditions of those who must stay in perilous environments.

The author's return to Mogadishu marks a crucial turning point within his story. His dreams of fleeing were briefly paused while he acknowledged the harsh truth of his situation. He reunites with his family and grapples with the growing dominance of Islamic jurisprudence while navigating the challenges and dangers of living in a city beset by constant conflict and political instability. His determination and inventiveness are constant, with the thought of departing from the city always occupying his mind.

Context

• Although Yemen is a transit point for refugees, it is also a country experiencing its own conflict, making the journey risky and uncertain.
• Obtaining the necessary visas or permits can be costly and time-consuming, with fees that many refugees cannot afford.
• Returning to Mogadishu might be part of a broader strategy to regroup, gather resources, or plan a safer or more feasible escape route in the future. This involves weighing risks and opportunities in a volatile environment.
• Reuniting with family could also mean reconnecting with broader social networks, which are vital for survival in conflict zones, offering support and information.
• The imposition of strict Islamic rules can lead to tensions between traditional Somali cultural practices and the more rigid interpretations of Islam imposed by certain groups, affecting community dynamics and individual freedoms.
• The ongoing civil war has resulted in widespread violence, with various factions and militant groups, such as Al-Shabaab, vying for control, contributing to instability.
• Abdi often found innovative ways to overcome obstacles, such as finding alternative routes or methods to gather necessary resources for his journey.

Abdi encountered the challenges that come with seeking refuge in the Nairobi neighborhood often referred to as "Little Mogadishu."

Abdi's relentless determination bore fruit, culminating in his departure from Somalia to reunite with his brother Hassan in Nairobi's vibrant Somali neighborhood, often referred to as "Little Mogadishu." This subsection explores the complex life of a Somali individual seeking refuge in Kenya, highlighting their struggles, ingenuity, and aspirations as they contend with a difficult setting. Abdi's narrative also chronicles his steadfast resolve to reach the shores of the United States. This subsection illuminates the precarious existence of those escaping Somalia, their determined attempts to rebuild their lives, and their unwavering hope for a brighter future.

Abdi undertook a series of short-term occupations to support himself while remaining unnoticed by the Kenyan officials.

Upon arriving in Nairobi, Abdi encounters new challenges. He must traverse a treacherous landscape where corrupt police officers perpetually single out undocumented individuals. Abdi cherishes his involvement in community gatherings and enjoys different types of amusement, but he constantly faces the threat of imprisonment and the compulsion to pay off officials. Abdi and his brother Hassan eked out a living by peddling belts and shoes, always strategizing to elude capture during police sweeps.

Refugees encounter a system that emphasizes their instability by denying them legal safeguards and opportunities for obtaining work. He becomes aware that Kenyans often regard Somalis with suspicion, labeling them as allies of the militant group. This widespread bias not only hinders his ability to find proper work but also cultivates a feeling of estrangement, including among the active Somali population.

Practical Tips

• Build a network with other vendors to create a lookout system. Stay in touch via a group messaging app where you can quickly alert each other about police presence. This community approach allows you to support each other and share real-time updates, which can help you avoid areas where police sweeps are happening.

Other Perspectives

• The focus on corruption among police might overshadow efforts by other Kenyan officials or organizations working to protect the rights of refugees and undocumented individuals.
• Some refugees are able to leverage community networks and informal economies to create opportunities for themselves, which can mitigate the emphasis on their instability.
• There are Kenyans who actively work against such biases and stereotypes, participating in initiatives aimed at fostering understanding and integration between different communities.
• The job prospects of Somalis might not be hindered only by bias; economic factors, such as a lack of available jobs in the market or competition with local workers, could also play a significant role in their employment challenges.

Abdi's yearning to move to America grew stronger while he entered the diversity visa lottery.

While in Nairobi, Abdi became increasingly determined to reach the United States. Despite not having the necessary legal paperwork in Kenya, he continued his education by participating in online English lessons and enrolling in programs at Africa Nazarene University. Iftin describes his growing interest in America, which strengthened his resolve despite the daily struggles he faced during his quest for asylum.

Abdi participates in a program that offers a limited opportunity to secure permanent residency through the American immigration lottery system. The writer acknowledges the slim chance of securing a lottery victory, yet the prospect of starting afresh in America revitalizes his dreams. This decision marks a pivotal moment, setting in motion a series of events that will ultimately determine his fate.

Context

• The process of entering the lottery and the anticipation of the results can be emotionally taxing, as it represents a significant opportunity for a new life.
• The U.S. is home to many prestigious educational institutions, which might have attracted Abdi, especially if he was seeking advanced educational opportunities not available in Nairobi.
• Proficiency in English can significantly enhance an individual's ability to integrate into American society, access better job opportunities, and navigate the immigration process more effectively.
• The quest for personal safety and freedom from persecution or violence in his home country could have been a driving force behind Abdi's resolve.
• The program aims to promote diversity in the U.S. immigrant population by providing opportunities to individuals from underrepresented regions and countries.
• The odds of winning the diversity visa lottery are generally low due to the high number of applicants worldwide, often reaching millions.
• The concept of the "American Dream" is a powerful motivator for many immigrants, symbolizing the idea that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success and improve their life circumstances through hard work and determination.
• The process can be lengthy and uncertain, with applicants waiting months or even years to find out if they have been selected and then to complete the immigration process if they win.

Abdi's journey to the United States culminated in him building a fresh existence in the new country.

This segment of the story chronicles the author's extraordinary journey, characterized by ambitions, obstacles, and the unforeseen complexities of establishing a life in a different nation. The book reveals the bureaucratic hurdles and emotional stress of separation from family, as well as the unwavering support from his American friends who rallied behind him.

Abdi's successful outcome in the diversity visa lottery was the result of navigating a multifaceted path during the visa application process.

This section of the story recounts the complex and difficult journey Abdi undertook to obtain American entry permission after being surprisingly chosen in a random draw. It underscores the author's determination to overcome every obstacle, while also highlighting the arbitrary nature of immigration policies that often create insurmountable hurdles for deserving applicants.

Abdi encountered considerable obstacles in securing the required documents amidst the dangers present in Kenya's capital.

Abdi tackles the intricate visa application process, despite having the good fortune of being chosen through a random lottery. Obtaining the required documents proved difficult because, in the chaos of conflict-ridden Somalia, civil records were not reachable, and those seeking asylum from Somalia often faced antagonism from Kenyan authorities. The author narrates the constant fear of being targeted by those in power, the difficulties in securing educational documents from an institution beset by conflict, and the moral dilemma involved in securing a character certification from the same law enforcement officers notorious for their brutal treatment of those attempting to escape the nation.

The writer highlights the paradox of requiring formal papers to flee from a nation that lacks a working administration. This bureaucratic catch-22 highlights the absurdity of immigration policies designed for applicants from stable countries, while creating almost impossible hurdles for those fleeing conflict zones. Abdi's narrative emphasizes the flaws in an immigration system that often fails to offer refuge to those who are most desperately seeking it.

Practical Tips

• Develop a habit of regularly updating your personal information with relevant institutions. Set calendar reminders to check in with government agencies, financial institutions, and other organizations annually to ensure they have your current details and documents. This proactive approach can prevent the stress of trying to obtain documents during emergencies or last-minute situations.
• You can support digital record-keeping initiatives in conflict zones by donating to technology-focused humanitarian organizations. These organizations often work on creating secure, accessible databases for civil records, which can be a lifeline for people in areas like Somalia where physical records are hard to come by. Your contribution could help fund the development of software or the training of local personnel to manage these digital systems.
• Start a book club focused on narratives and non-fiction accounts of asylum seekers. Reading and discussing these stories with others can foster empathy and awareness. Choose books that are not widely known to ensure fresh perspectives and discussions that can lead to a better understanding of the complexities involved in seeking asylum.
• Develop a role-playing habit with friends or family where you simulate scenarios involving power imbalances. This can help you practice responses and build confidence in situations where you might fear being targeted. For instance, you could role-play a situation where you have to present an unpopular opinion to a group of higher-ups, which can help you prepare for real-life instances.
• Create a digital portfolio to showcase your work and learning to potential employers or educational institutions. Use platforms like LinkedIn, GitHub, or a personal website to present projects, papers, or other evidence of your learning and skills. This can serve as a practical alternative to formal documents, demonstrating your capabilities directly.
• Develop a personal code of ethics to guide your interactions with authorities. Write down your values and principles that you believe should govern behavior and decision-making. When faced with a moral dilemma, refer to your code to decide whether obtaining a character certification aligns with your ethical standards.
• You can explore the paradox of bureaucratic requirements by volunteering with refugee support groups to understand the challenges faced by those escaping unstable nations. By engaging with these groups, you'll gain firsthand insight into the bureaucratic barriers and can offer practical support, such as helping with paperwork or providing language assistance, which can make a significant difference in the lives of those stuck in such paradoxical situations.
• You can raise awareness by sharing stories of people from conflict zones on social media. Create a weekly post that highlights an individual's journey, focusing on the challenges they face with immigration policies. Use hashtags to increase visibility and encourage followers to share the posts to educate a broader audience.
• Educate yourself on the immigration policies of your country and write to your representatives to express your concerns. By understanding the laws and regulations, you can articulate specific changes that could help the system better serve those in need and encourage your representatives to take action.

Abdi experienced intense anxiety during his visa application process, which initially was unsuccessful.

After a lengthy period of preparation and navigating through a myriad of administrative obstacles, Abdi ultimately takes his seat for the eagerly awaited interview at the U.S. embassy. He underscores the vital significance of every document and utterance in communicating the gravity of the circumstances. Abdi's carefully devised strategy was unexpectedly derailed when his application was rejected by the visa officer because his transcript lacked a necessary signature. The author expresses profound disillusionment and a sense of hopelessness as his aspiration to reach America appeared to be thwarted by a mere administrative detail.

Iftin emphasizes the mental strain that comes from the process of obtaining a visa, pointing out the vulnerability and sense of exposure experienced by immigrants who are keen to begin anew. Despite encountering this early obstacle, Abdi's resolve remains steadfast. He exhibits extraordinary tenacity and ingenuity, hastening to obtain an endorsed transcript, dispatching it via an international courier service, and eagerly anticipating the consulate's verdict. His tenacity, driven by an unyielding optimism and bolstered by his companions, exemplifies the resilience of the human spirit when confronted with challenges.

Context

• The uncertainty of the outcome and potential delays in processing times can contribute to a prolonged period of anxiety, as applicants often have to wait without knowing the result.
• He might have participated in mock interviews to practice answering potential questions, reducing anxiety and increasing confidence for the actual interview.
• Visa officers are responsible for assessing the eligibility of applicants based on the provided documentation and interview. They must adhere to strict guidelines, and any discrepancies can result in denial.
• There may be pressure from one's community or family, who might have high expectations or have contributed resources, adding to the emotional burden of a visa rejection.
• The fear of rejection can be overwhelming, as it may mean returning to or remaining in difficult or dangerous situations.
• The process can affect entire families, as delays or rejections can separate family members or prevent reunification.
• Resilience in this context involves not only the ability to recover from setbacks but also the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances and persist in the face of adversity, which is essential for overcoming bureaucratic challenges.
• Optimism is a key factor in psychological resilience, helping individuals cope with stress and setbacks by maintaining a positive outlook and focusing on solutions rather than problems.

Abdi's successful visa application and his emotional departure from Kenya

Following a period filled with distressing doubts, Abdi gets the affirmative news that his visa application has received approval. The author powerfully conveys the overwhelming joy and relief of this moment, marking a culmination of his years-long struggle to reach America. Iftin poignantly describes the emotional goodbyes he shared with his loved ones, as he departed from a challenging past in Somalia, underscoring his journey toward a hopeful yet uncertain future.

Abdi said an emotional goodbye and embarked on a hazardous journey toward the United States.

Abdi was engulfed by a whirlwind of exhilaration and anxiety in preparation for his departure from Kenya. He says an emotional goodbye to his brother Hassan, fully cognizant that their paths in life are about to diverge. He sincerely acknowledges the pivotal support he received from his American allies, which was instrumental in turning his dream into reality. The author describes his harrowing journey, filled with anxiety and paranoia, as he navigates airport security and immigration checks, fearing that even at this stage his dreams could be thwarted.

The story told by Abdi Nor Iftin emphasizes the complex mix of emotions experienced by refugees when they say goodbye to family and step into an uncertain future. He also acknowledges the benefits his visa offers, as well as the support he gets from relatives in the United States, distinguishing his circumstances from those of many refugees who find themselves trapped in dire situations or who undertake perilous journeys to seek asylum.

Context

• The journey itself can be perilous, with potential threats to personal safety, especially for someone coming from a region with political instability.
• Siblings often play crucial roles in each other's lives, sometimes stepping in as parental figures or primary support systems, making the separation even more poignant.
• Abdi received assistance from a network of American friends and supporters who helped him navigate the complex immigration process, including paperwork, legal advice, and financial support.
• The process of obtaining a visa and preparing for the move involves navigating complex legal and bureaucratic systems, which can be daunting and fraught with uncertainty.
• There is often a fear of being detained or deported if any issues arise during security checks, especially for those who have faced persecution.
• The emotional complexity is compounded by the dual feelings of hope for a better future and guilt for leaving family members behind in potentially dangerous situations.
• Having relatives in the U.S. can help maintain cultural ties and provide a sense of community, which is important for emotional well-being and integration into American society.
• Abdi did not have to endure the often harsh and overcrowded conditions of refugee camps, where many asylum seekers spend years waiting for resettlement opportunities.

Abdi began his new life in America, his heart brimming with excitement.

Abdi achieves his long-held dream when he sets foot in the United States. He describes his initial impressions of the country, his wonderment at the infrastructure, the diverse population, and the efficient systems. The author captures the mix of awe and excitement he felt, as well as glimpses of culture shock. The seemingly simple act of fastening a seatbelt and observing traffic regulations underscores the differences in daily life that he must now navigate.

The author skillfully depicts the challenges of adapting to new environments, encountering initial unemployment, and recognizes that although life in the United States offers numerous advantages, it is accompanied by its own unique difficulties. The narrative of the author illustrates the tenacity and flexibility of those who find sanctuary and assimilate into unfamiliar societies, while profoundly respecting their own cultural heritage. It underscores the complexities of cultural integration while simultaneously expressing the immense potential for growth and fulfillment in a land that offers freedom and opportunity.

Context

• The United States is known for its multicultural society, which can be both welcoming and overwhelming for newcomers who are used to more homogenous environments.
• The presence of numerous museums, theaters, and educational institutions reflects the country's investment in cultural and intellectual development.
• The capitalist economy, with its focus on credit scores, banking, and consumerism, might be a new concept for Abdi.
• The cost of living in a new country can be high, and without immediate employment, financial stress can add to the challenges of adaptation.
• Understanding and accessing healthcare, education, and other public services can be daunting due to differences in systems and potential language barriers.
• Building a new social network is crucial for support and belonging, yet it can be challenging due to cultural differences and potential discrimination.
• Efforts to respect cultural heritage might include teaching younger generations about their roots, ensuring that cultural knowledge and practices are passed down.
• Integration allows for the exchange of ideas and traditions, enriching both the individual and the host society. This can lead to greater cultural diversity and innovation.
• The U.S. Constitution guarantees freedoms such as speech, religion, and assembly, allowing immigrants to express their identities and beliefs freely.