PDF Summary:The Glitter and the Gold, by Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan

The Glitter and the Gold by Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan offers an intimate portrait of a life bridging American wealth and European aristocracy. The memoir follows the author's journey from a privileged New York upbringing to her arranged marriage into British nobility, capturing her struggles to reconcile cherished egalitarian values with the rigid hierarchies of England's elite.

Balsan writes candidly about navigating the lavish social circles and grand estates of her titled life—from the imposing splendor of Blenheim Palace to the vibrant intellectual salon she cultivated in France. She provides a firsthand account of pivotal historical events, offering insights into a life lived at the nexus of both opulence and progressive social change.

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Navigating the Social Landscape of the English Elite

Relationships With Author's In-laws and Churchill/Marlborough Clan

Balsan's memoir delves into the intricacies of her relationships with her in-laws and the larger Churchill and Hamilton families. Navigating this complex social landscape proved a significant challenge for her. Her American ways and independent spirit often clashed with the deeply ingrained traditions and expectations of Britain's upper class. She recounts anecdotes that showcase the dynamics within these powerful families, highlighting the subtle power struggles and social maneuvering she encountered.

Balsan offers insightful depictions of each family member, revealing their personalities and her own complex feelings towards them. Her warm relationship with Lady Blandford, her husband's mother, offered her a source of support and understanding. However, her interactions with Churchill relative Lady Sarah Wilson were characterized by tension and underlying animosity.

Context

• Lady Sarah Wilson, mentioned in the memoir, was a notable figure in her own right, known for her work as a war correspondent during the Boer War, which might have influenced her interactions with Balsan.
• The Churchill and Marlborough families were influential and had their own internal hierarchies and power dynamics, adding layers of complexity to her interactions.
• The American spirit of independence and self-reliance often contrasted with the British emphasis on duty, tradition, and maintaining the status quo within the social order.
• Members of such families often maintained a public persona that differed from their private selves, leading to intricate social maneuvering to maintain appearances.
• Titles such as Duke or Duchess carried significant social weight, and the management of large estates like Blenheim Palace was central to family identity and power.
• In a setting where Balsan faced challenges and potential isolation, Lady Blandford's understanding could have provided emotional comfort and a sense of belonging.

Participating In London's Social Season and at Country Estates

Balsan vividly depicts her experiences during London's seasons, recounting the seemingly endless rounds of balls, gatherings, and ceremonial dinners. She describes the vibrant atmosphere and the dazzling beauty of the women who graced these occasions, noting the distinct elegance and confident demeanor of English aristocracy. Her accounts showcase the painstaking care invested in these gatherings, from elaborate attire and lavish decorations to the orchestrated seating arrangements reflecting the complex social order within the aristocracy.

Balsan's memoir reveals both the allure and the exhaustion she felt participating in London's high society. She recounts her awkward encounters with social customs unfamiliar to her American upbringing, such as navigating the presentations at royal Drawing Rooms or managing the expectations of proper behavior at Ascot Week races.

Context

• During this period, the British Empire was at its height, and London was a global center of power and culture. The social season was a reflection of the empire's wealth and the rigid class structures of the time.
• Hosting and attending these events required significant financial resources, reflecting the wealth and economic power of the participants.
• The beauty standards of the time often emphasized pale skin, delicate features, and an hourglass figure, which women achieved through the use of cosmetics and corsetry.
• Being presented at court involved a series of bows and curtsies, and knowing the correct form was crucial to making a good impression, adding pressure to those unfamiliar with the tradition.
• Being presented at a Drawing Room was crucial for establishing one's social standing and connections within the upper echelons of society.
• Attendees are expected to adhere to a formal dress code. For women, this often includes wearing hats or fascinators, and dresses of a modest length. Men typically wear morning suits, which include a waistcoat and top hat.

Other Perspectives

• Elegance and confidence are subjective qualities that can be found in individuals across various social strata, not exclusively within the aristocracy.
• The narrative might inadvertently glorify the extravagance of high society without critically examining the broader social and economic implications of such lavish spending.
• The memoir is a subjective account and may emphasize personal challenges over the more positive or mundane aspects of high society, which could provide a skewed perspective.

Writer's Involvement in British Politics and Affairs

Husband's Political Career and Author's Role Hosting Events

Balsan's memoir details her spouse's political aspirations and her own role hosting politically charged gatherings. The Duke's Conservative leanings and aspirations for high office led him to engage in various political ventures, culminating in his appointment as Under-Secretary for the Colonies. Balsan recounts her experiences hosting prominent figures in the Conservative party, including Arthur Balfour and Joseph Chamberlain, at grand events held at Blenheim.

Her role as a political hostess required her to navigate the complexities of British politics, often finding herself surrounded by influential figures with diverse views and agendas. She describes her efforts to orchestrate these occasions, accommodating both the demands of social etiquette and the sensitive dynamics inherent in political circles.

Practical Tips

• Explore your partner's ambitions by creating a shared vision board. Use magazines, printouts, and drawings to visually represent both your aspirations and your partner's political goals. This activity can foster understanding and support within the relationship, as well as help you both see how your individual dreams intersect and can be pursued together.
• Write opinion pieces on conservative issues for local publications or blogs. Articulate your views on current events or policies from a conservative perspective to establish yourself as a thought leader. This can help you build a public profile that aligns with your aspirations and demonstrates your commitment to conservative principles.
• Create a personal branding strategy to establish your expertise and reputation in your chosen field. This involves regularly contributing to industry discussions through social media, writing articles or blog posts, and networking with influential figures. If your goal is a government position, you might write about policy issues on LinkedIn or join panels at political conferences.
• Use social media to initiate a weekly debate on a politically charged question, encouraging your network to share their views and engage in a respectful exchange of ideas. This leverages the reach of social media to foster a community interested in political discourse.
• Create a virtual roundtable series to connect with thought leaders in your field of interest. Use video conferencing tools to organize online events where you and other participants can interact with experts. Reach out to potential speakers, explaining the purpose of the roundtable and how their participation could benefit the discussion. Promote the event through social media and professional networks to attract a diverse audience.
• Develop a board game that simulates political networking to understand the dynamics of influence and alliance-building. Create a game where players host events and navigate fictional political landscapes, making decisions that mirror the complexities of real-world politics. This hands-on approach can help you grasp the subtleties of political maneuvering in a fun and engaging way.
• Volunteer for local organizations that serve different demographics. This hands-on approach allows you to meet people from various backgrounds and understand their views and agendas. For instance, volunteering at a food bank can connect you with people facing economic hardships, while helping out at a cultural festival can immerse you in different ethnic perspectives.
• Host a themed dinner party that subtly addresses a current issue or topic of interest among your friends or community. Choose a theme that's relevant to a cause or discussion that's important to the group. For example, if environmental conservation is a hot topic, you could organize a zero-waste dinner, using it as a platform to discuss sustainable practices. This approach allows you to weave in political or social discussions in a relaxed setting, fostering a deeper understanding and engagement on the issue.

Author's Interest in Social Reform and Women's Issues

Despite being entrenched in the realm of privilege associated with her social standing, Balsan reveals a growing interest in societal change. Her encounters with poverty and suffering during her tours of the Blenheim estate sparked a desire to address these injustices. She recounts her discreet efforts to provide relief work for those out of work and to improve the living conditions of villagers, encountering resistance from her spouse, who viewed such initiatives as sentimental social programs.

Balsan's independent spirit and her American upbringing, which instilled in her a sense of social responsibility, pushed her to look beyond the superficial confines of her aristocratic world. She becomes an advocate for social change, foreshadowing her later dedication to philanthropic endeavors and her work with the Women's Municipal organization.

Context

• Blenheim Palace, located in Oxfordshire, England, is a monumental country house and the principal residence of the Dukes of Marlborough. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was built in the early 18th century.
• The concept of "relief work" typically involved providing food, clothing, and sometimes employment opportunities to those in need, often organized through charitable organizations or personal initiatives.
• The resistance from her spouse may also reflect a broader skepticism among the elite about the effectiveness of philanthropy in creating meaningful change, a common sentiment in that era.
• The American education system often included teachings on civic responsibility and social reform, encouraging students to think critically about societal issues and their roles in addressing them.
• Social reform during this era was often met with resistance from traditionalists who viewed such changes as threats to established social orders.
• The Gilded Age, during which Balsan lived, was marked by stark contrasts between the wealth of the elite and the poverty of the working class, often prompting calls for social reform.
• Women's involvement in municipal organizations was a stepping stone towards greater political participation, as these groups often advocated for reforms that directly impacted local communities and governance.

The Writer's Experiences, Charity, and Social Interactions

Breakdown of Author's Relationship and Divorce

Challenges of Ending a Marriage Under Rigid English Laws

Balsan candidly recounts the breakdown of her marriage to the Duke of Marlborough, highlighting the difficulties of obtaining a divorce under the rigid English laws of the time. She talks about the growing emotional distance between them as their incompatible personalities and divergent interests became increasingly apparent over time. The arranged nature of their marriage, lacking genuine affection, further contributed to their marital conflict.

Balsan reveals the strict legal requirements she faced in her attempt to divorce, needing to prove not only adultery but also physical cruelty or abandonment and nonsupport. The arduous process involved a formal split, a petition to restore marital rights, and gathering evidence to substantiate her claims. This arduous journey underscored the societal stigma associated with divorce and the legal hurdles women faced in seeking to dissolve an unhappy marriage.

Context

• For women like Consuelo, pursuing a divorce could lead to social ostracism and financial instability, as they were often dependent on their husbands for economic support.
• Divorce proceedings could be complicated by concerns over child custody, as fathers were often favored in custody decisions, reflecting the patriarchal norms of the time.
• The societal norms of the era often discouraged open communication about personal feelings and desires, which could exacerbate emotional distance in a marriage.
• Women in this era had limited rights and autonomy, both legally and socially. In an arranged marriage, a woman might have little say in her personal life, leading to feelings of powerlessness and contributing to marital discord.
• Proving grounds for divorce often required private investigators or witnesses, which could be costly and invasive, further complicating the process for those seeking to end their marriage.
• The Church of England, which played a significant role in British society, strongly opposed divorce, viewing marriage as a sacred, lifelong commitment. This religious perspective contributed to the societal stigma and legal challenges associated with divorce.
• Divorce cases were often publicized, exposing personal details to the public and potentially damaging a woman's reputation and social standing.

Writer's Transition to Independent Life and Philanthropic Pursuits

Balsan's personal life undergoes a transformation with her separation from the Duke in 1906. Freed from the confines of her unhappy marriage, she embraces an independent life dedicated to philanthropic pursuits and societal change. Her London residence, Sunderland House, becomes her personal home. The author details her numerous charitable projects, including housing for prisoners’ wives, working girls’ recreation centers, and support for the low-wage industries.

Balsan's commitment to social activism deepened, culminating in her involvement with the Women's Suffrage movement and her election to the London County Council, where she championed progressive causes. Her transition from a life of privilege to a life of service underscored her growing sense of social responsibility and her desire to use her position to address societal injustices.

Context

• The early 1900s were a time of significant social change, particularly for women, who were beginning to challenge traditional roles and seek greater independence and rights.
• Philanthropy in this era was often one of the few socially acceptable ways for women to exert influence and engage in public life, allowing them to address social issues directly.
• Transitioning Sunderland House into her personal residence symbolized a shift from her previous life, representing autonomy and a new chapter focused on her personal values and goals.
• During the early 20th century, families of incarcerated individuals often faced social stigma and financial hardship. Providing housing helped alleviate some of these burdens, offering stability and community support.
• Figures like Emmeline Pankhurst and Millicent Fawcett were leading voices in the UK suffrage movement, inspiring many women to join the cause and fight for their rights.
• During the early 20th century, progressive causes often included efforts to improve public health, education, housing, and workers' rights. Advocates sought to address the social inequalities exacerbated by rapid industrialization and urbanization.
• Her own experiences of constraint within a high-society marriage may have fueled her empathy and drive to support marginalized groups, highlighting a personal connection to her philanthropic work.
• As a member of the London County Council, Balsan would have had a platform to influence local government policies, particularly those affecting housing, education, and public welfare, which were critical areas of reform during this period.

Second Marriage and Living in France With Jacques Balsan

Happiness and Fulfillment in Her Relationship With Balsan

Balsan recounts her second marriage to Jacques, a French aviator and longtime acquaintance, as a profoundly happy and fulfilling chapter in her life. She recounts the interests they share, including aviation, art, and their love for the French countryside. In contrast to her previous arranged marriage, her union with Balsan had a foundation of mutual affection, shared values, and deep intellectual compatibility.

Balsan portrays Jacques Balsan as a charismatic and kindhearted individual, highlighting his adventurous spirit, his accomplishments in aviation, and his dedication to France. They create a life together filled with meaningful social interactions, cultivating a vibrant group of companions from diverse backgrounds and engaging in charitable endeavors that reflected their shared commitment to improving society.

Context

• The French countryside, where they spent much of their time, was known for its beauty and tranquility, providing an ideal setting for a fulfilling personal life away from the public eye.
• In relationships, mutual affection refers to a genuine emotional connection where both partners care deeply for each other, often leading to a supportive and nurturing partnership.
• His adventurous nature likely extended beyond aviation, reflecting a broader curiosity and willingness to embrace new experiences, which would have been appealing traits in both personal and social contexts.
• Balsan served in the French military during World War I, where he utilized his aviation skills. His commitment to his country was evident through his service and contributions to national defense efforts.
• France, especially Paris, was a melting pot of cultures and ideas, attracting artists, writers, and thinkers from around the world. This environment would have naturally contributed to a diverse social network.
• Their social interactions with influential figures could have facilitated collaborations on charitable projects, leveraging their network to support various causes and amplify their impact.

Creating a Country Estate at Motel, Saint Georges, and Hosting an Intellectual Circle

Balsan and her husband establish a country estate at Saint Georges-Motel, not far from Paris, cultivating a vibrant social and intellectual circle. She describes the château's charm, surrounded by trees and landscaped areas, creating a haven for social gatherings and creative pursuits. Balsan details their efforts in renovating the property, highlighting her personal involvement in designing the outdoor areas and creating welcoming spaces for guests.

Saint Georges-Motel emerges as a hub for creative individuals drawn to the Balsans' warm hospitality and stimulating conversations. Balsan recounts her interactions with renowned figures such as Paul Maze, Yvonne Lefebure, and Winston Churchill, who became frequent guests at Motel. This idyllic setting encouraged a feeling of community and intellectual exchange, reflecting the Balsans'shared passion for fostering creativity and social engagement.

Context

• Country estates like the one at Saint Georges-Motel often featured grand architecture and elaborate gardens, serving as symbols of status and taste.
• These gatherings often inspired artistic and literary works, as the interactions and discussions among guests could lead to new creative collaborations and ideas.
• French estates often drew on a rich tradition of landscape design, emphasizing symmetry, order, and integration with the natural surroundings, which might have influenced Balsan's design choices.
• Apart from his political career, Churchill was an accomplished painter and writer, often engaging in discussions about art and literature.
• Hosting such prominent figures would have elevated the social status of the Balsans, positioning their estate as a prestigious cultural salon where influential ideas and artistic movements could flourish.
• During this period, women of the upper class often played crucial roles in organizing and leading social and intellectual circles, using their influence to support the arts and education.

The Writer's Wide-Ranging Social Connections and Friendships

Encounters With Famous Writers, Artists, Politicians, and Royalty

Balsan's memoir captures the extensive network of social connections she cultivated throughout her life, spanning continents and bridging diverse social circles. She recounts anecdotes and personal observations about her meetings with prominent people in literature, art, politics, and royalty.

Balsan details her interactions with renowned writers such as George Moore, Yeats, John Galsworthy, H. G. Wells, and Shaw, revealing her appreciation for their intellectual prowess and the insights she gleaned from their conversations. She describes attending social gatherings hosted by Lady Cunard and Lady Londonderry, where she mingled with influential politicians and engaged in discussions about current affairs and social reform. Her anecdotes about encounters with royalty, including Nicholas II, Edward VII, Alexandra, and Princess Marie of Romania, offer a glimpse into the personalities and social dynamics within those elite circles.

Context

• Transatlantic travel was becoming more accessible during her lifetime, allowing her to maintain and expand her social connections across continents more easily than in previous generations.
• The individuals she interacted with were not only influential in their respective fields but also played roles in shaping public opinion and cultural trends of the time.
• An Irish playwright and critic, Shaw was a prominent figure in the Fabian Society, advocating for socialism. His plays, such as "Pygmalion" and "Saint Joan," are known for their wit and social critique.
• The discussions at these gatherings often revolved around pressing issues of the day, such as women's suffrage, labor rights, and international relations. These topics were central to the political and social changes occurring during this period.
• Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire due to the Russian Revolution. He and his family were executed in 1918.

The Writer's Skill in Navigating Social Milieus With Charm

Throughout her memoir, Balsan showcases her remarkable ability to navigate diverse social milieus with grace and charisma. Despite her initial struggles to adapt to the rigid protocols of English aristocracy, she developed a keen understanding of social nuances and a talent for fostering meaningful connections with individuals from all backgrounds.

Balsan's warm personality, combined with her genuine interest in others, allowed her to build lasting friendships with artists, writers, politicians, and even royalty. She details her approach to hosting social gatherings, highlighting her goal to create environments where guests felt comfortable engaging in intellectual discussions and sharing their unique perspectives.

Practical Tips

• Develop your charisma by volunteering for roles that require public interaction. Seek out opportunities at local events, charities, or organizations where you can be a host or guide. This exposure will give you practical experience in handling different social situations with poise and will boost your confidence in engaging with new people.
• Develop a game of social role-playing with friends to practice adapting to different social scenarios. Take turns acting out various roles within a structured setting, such as a mock high tea or a simulated business networking event. This playful approach allows you to experiment with different social norms and protocols in a low-stakes environment, improving your ability to navigate diverse social situations.
• Create a "Connection Journal" where you document daily interactions with people from different backgrounds. Note down not only who you spoke with but also what you learned from them and how you felt during the interaction. Reviewing this journal regularly will help you become more aware of your interpersonal skills and how they can be improved to build more meaningful connections.

19th and Early 20th Century History and Key Events

The Memoirist's Experiences During Pivotal World Events

Victoria's Jubilee and Edward VII's Coronation

The memoir offers a firsthand perspective on major historical events during Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan's lifetime, providing insights into the social and political climate of 19th- and early 20th-century Europe. She describes attending the 60th Jubilee in 1897, capturing the grandeur and national pride associated with this momentous occasion. Balsan describes the lavish festivities, the impressive parade of dignitaries, and the overwhelming feeling of awe for the aging monarch.

Balsan also details her participation in King Edward VII's 1902 coronation, highlighting the elaborate rituals, the dazzling displays of riches and power, and the interactions between the UK's aristocracy. Her account of the King's sudden illness and the postponement of the ceremony underscores the vulnerability hidden behind the splendor and grandeur of this historical event.

Context

• Consuelo's accounts provide a personal lens on the opulence and complexity of royal ceremonies, which were often used to reinforce social hierarchies and political alliances.
• There was a flourishing of arts and culture, with movements like Romanticism and later Modernism influencing literature, art, and music, reflecting broader societal changes.
• The Jubilee took place during a time of relative peace in Europe, known as the "Pax Britannica," when the British Empire was at its zenith, controlling vast territories across the globe.
• Dignitaries and representatives from various countries attended, showcasing Britain's global influence and diplomatic relationships.
• The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw significant technological advancements, such as photography and early film, which allowed these events to be documented and shared with a wider audience than ever before.
• During this time, the monarchy was viewed as a stabilizing force and a symbol of continuity. Queen Victoria's long reign and personal image as a devoted widow and mother endeared her to the public.
• The coronation involved elaborate rituals and ceremonies, including a procession through London and a service at Westminster Abbey, showcasing the traditions and continuity of the British monarchy.
• Such events have significant economic implications, drawing visitors from around the world and boosting local economies through tourism and related activities.
• The events provided a platform for networking, where aristocrats could discuss matters of mutual interest, including marriages, business ventures, and social causes.
• The postponement of the coronation was met with widespread concern and sympathy from the public, as well as anxiety over the King's health and the stability of the monarchy.
• The incident served as a reminder of the human vulnerabilities of those in power, contrasting with the image of invincibility often associated with royalty. It emphasized that beneath the ceremonial opulence, monarchs were subject to the same frailties as their subjects.

Political Shifts in Europe Before World War I

Balsan’s accounts of her travels and social interactions in Europe reveal a growing awareness of the shifting political landscape before the First World War. Her interactions with political figures, both in England and abroad, exposed her to the complex dynamics and underlying tensions simmering beneath the surface of European society. She recounts conversations that highlight the growing anxieties about German militarism and the fragile peace carefully sustained by a delicate balance of alliances.

Balsan’s observations on the political climate offer a glimpse into the brewing conflicts that eventually erupted into global war.

Context

• There was a growing sense of nationalism and militarism among the general public in many European countries. Propaganda and media often fueled these sentiments, preparing the populace for the possibility of war.
• Germany, under Kaiser Wilhelm II, was rapidly expanding its military capabilities, which caused concern among neighboring countries. This militarization was part of a broader strategy to assert Germany's power and influence in Europe and beyond.
• The early 20th century saw an arms race, particularly between Germany and Britain, with both nations building up their naval forces. This competition was a source of anxiety as it suggested that countries were preparing for potential conflict.
• European powers were competing for colonies and global influence, leading to conflicts and rivalries outside of Europe that also affected relations within the continent.
• The period leading up to World War I was marked by diplomatic failures and miscommunications. Efforts to resolve disputes through diplomacy often failed, leading to a breakdown in international relations.

The Author's Perspective on War's Impact

Aid and Assistance in the Boer War and World Wars

Balsan’s memoir provides a personal narrative of how war impacted her and her commitment to providing aid and assistance during times of conflict. She recounts her involvement in organizing a medical ship for the Boer War (1899-1902), collaborating with prominent American women, including Lady Randolph Churchill, to alleviate the suffering of British soldiers.

Throughout the First World War, Balsan dedicated considerable time and resources to supporting various relief efforts. She helped establish a wartime medical center in England, organized workrooms for wives of soldiers serving on the front lines, and actively participated in fundraising campaigns for the American Red Cross.

Practical Tips

• Develop a personal skill set that's valuable in crisis situations by taking free online courses in first aid, psychological first aid, or emergency response. This self-education will prepare you to provide aid in your community or abroad if a conflict arises. Websites like Coursera or edX offer courses from reputable institutions that can be accessed at no cost.
• Offer your professional skills pro bono to non-profits that aid in disaster relief or support military families. Whether you're an accountant, a web designer, or a teacher, your expertise can significantly benefit organizations that often operate with limited resources. This approach allows you to make a tangible impact by enhancing the operational capabilities of these groups.

German Invasion of France, 1940: Author's Account

Balsan provides a gripping firsthand account of Germany's attack on France in 1940, capturing the escalating fear and anxiety as the Nazi forces rapidly advanced. She describes the exodus of refugees fleeing their residences, the growing sense of desperation as towns fell to the enemy, and the heartbreaking stories of loss and destruction she witnessed.

Balsan recounts her own harrowing journey to evacuate her sanatorium children, in addition to her frustrating encounters with government bureaucracy. Her narrative reveals the chaos and uncertainty that gripped the nation as the conflict intensified, showcasing the resilience of ordinary people along with the compassionate efforts of individuals like herself who sought to alleviate suffering.

Context

• The German invasion of France in 1940 was part of World War II, specifically during the Battle of France, which lasted from May 10 to June 25, 1940.
• The speed and efficiency of the German invasion created a sense of inevitability and helplessness among the French population, exacerbating fear and anxiety.
• The exodus had long-term impacts on French society, including the separation of families, loss of property, and psychological trauma for those who experienced the flight.
• As towns fell, civilians faced displacement, loss of homes, and separation from families, contributing to the widespread desperation and chaos.
• The stories of loss and destruction were not only physical but also cultural, as many historical sites and cultural artifacts were damaged or looted during the occupation.
• During wartime, medical facilities like sanatoriums faced significant challenges, including shortages of supplies, staff, and the need to relocate patients to safer areas due to advancing military forces.
• Officials were inundated with requests and paperwork, leading to slow processing times and a backlog of urgent cases needing attention.
• The rapid advance of German troops was facilitated by their use of blitzkrieg tactics, which emphasized speed and surprise, overwhelming the French defenses.
• Efforts to maintain cultural practices and traditions during the occupation were a form of resilience, as they helped preserve a sense of identity and normalcy amidst chaos.
• Many individuals, like Balsan, took personal risks to help others, often using their own resources and networks to organize transportation, shelter, and care for displaced persons.