PDF Summary:Become What You Are, by Alan Watts

In Become What You Are, Alan Watts explores a crucial spiritual journey: freeing ourselves from the limited constraints of the ego and individual identity. He explains how efforts to "transcend the self" often lead to an inherent paradox that solidifies our egocentric tendencies. Instead, Watts guides us toward fully embracing our true nature and living in harmony with the present moment.

The author breaks down Eastern philosophies like Taoism and Zen, emphasizing the importance of aligning one's actions with life's rhythms. Watts also delves into the profound influence of the subconscious, advocating for radical self-acceptance as the key to spiritual freedom and inner wholeness.

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Watts conveys the pointlessness of attempting to grasp the Ultimate Reality by comparing it to an arrow that turns back to where it was initially launched, a pursuit that is self-defeating by nature. The mind, like the eye that cannot see itself, is incapable of fully understanding its essence; the Ultimate Reality, from which thought and knowledge arise, defies precise definition.

Attempts to define its true nature often unintentionally perpetuate the very split they seek to mend, without successfully grasping its genuine essence.

Watts cautions against regarding assertions about the intrinsic nature of reality as definitive, highlighting that attempts to define or understand this reality are inevitably doomed to failure and merely continue the separation they seek to resolve. He underscores that when we ascribe specific characteristics to "God" or describe "Nirvana" with particular attributes, we perpetuate a separation between ourselves and the ultimate reality, which maintains the very dualism we seek to overcome.

Symbolic language and metaphor act as navigational tools, aiding in our comprehension of the spiritual core.

In this part, Watts delves into how symbols and metaphors are instrumental in conveying spiritual truths, emphasizing the deep insights derived from Eastern philosophy and spirituality. Alan Watts emphasizes the importance of viewing symbolic expressions as pathways to firsthand experience, rather than as definitive descriptions or factual assertions.

Spiritual teachings and scriptures use symbolic language to evoke insight, not provide information

Watts highlights that instead of providing straightforward accounts of the Ultimate Reality, spiritual teachings and scriptures often employ symbols, metaphors, and narratives that contain paradoxes. Symbolic expressions function as tools that enhance deep understanding by pointing to an experience that transcends the limitations of conceptual thought and verbal expression.

He compares this approach to the way a finger points not towards itself but helps us become aware of the moon's existence aloft. Spiritual metaphors and symbols serve as guides, enabling us to discern elements of existence that elude rational analysis.

The importance of directly experiencing rather than just conceptualizing spiritual reality

Watts underscores that truly grasping the Ultimate Reality transcends the capabilities of mere intellectual understanding or abstract knowledge. He underscores that true spiritual understanding emerges from firsthand encounters, from an alteration in awareness that permits us to view the world through a lens that transcends dualism.

Alan Watts recommends steering clear of becoming embroiled in academic debates and disagreements concerning teachings of a metaphysical or spiritual nature, as they can distract us from the crucial practice of spiritual discipline, which seeks to nurture a direct, instinctive recognition of our true self and the intrinsic nature of the universe.

Other Perspectives

• While it's true that language has limitations, it's also a powerful tool that has been used effectively to convey complex and abstract ideas throughout history. The development of philosophical and religious thought is a testament to this capacity.
• The assertion that the most profound truth surpasses verbal expression and the concept of duality could be seen as a belief rather than an absolute fact, as some philosophical traditions argue that truth can be approached, if not fully understood, through reason and dialogue.
• The idea that Ultimate Reality eludes intellectual comprehension might be challenged by the view that human reason and science, though not perfect, are capable of progressively understanding more about the nature of reality.
• The claim that attempts to define the true nature of reality perpetuate a split could be countered by arguing that such attempts are part of the process of human inquiry and can lead to greater clarity, even if they are not definitive.
• While symbolic language and metaphor are helpful, one could argue that they are not the only ways to aid comprehension and that clear, direct language can also be effective in conveying spiritual or profound truths.
• The notion that spiritual teachings are solely to evoke insight and not to provide information could be contested by pointing out that many religious traditions do claim to convey literal truths and historical information.
• The emphasis on direct experience over conceptualization might be critiqued by suggesting that intellectual understanding also plays a crucial role in spiritual or religious life and can complement personal experience.

Taoism and Zen advocate for aligning oneself with the natural flow of life.

In this section, Watts explores the practical implications of non-dualistic understanding, drawing on the Taoist principle of wu-wei and the Zen emphasis on direct experience. He explains techniques that help in overcoming self-centered actions that contribute to discomfort, promoting a way of life marked by balance and tranquility.

The concept of wu-wei underscores the importance of actions that are in harmony with the rhythms of the natural world and occur spontaneously.

Watts explores the principle of "wu-wei," which advocates for acting in harmony with the flow of life, rather than our common tendency to exert control and dominate events as they unfold. He underscores that this concept is not synonymous with laziness or a lack of ambition; instead, it's about harmonizing our actions with life's inherent rhythms, allowing us to act with an easeful spontaneity, devoid of the strain and vexation that come with opposing life's essential forces.

Eschew aggressive efforts to control outcomes.

Watts characterizes wu-wei as an approach that involves letting go of our urge to control and mold our experiences, avoiding the intense effort that often characterizes our interaction with life. This involves letting go of our rigid beliefs about how the world operates and allowing the unfolding of events to guide us, trusting in the inherent wisdom of the cosmos.

Embracing life's natural progression with trust.

Cultivating confidence is crucial to wu-wei, which entails trusting in our capabilities, the universe, and the inherent intelligence that guides the journey of existence. This involves letting go of our fixation on future events, our regrets about past deeds, and our urge to manage every detail of our existence. It's about surrendering to the present moment, allowing ourselves to be carried by the current of life, and trusting that everything is unfolding as it should.

Zen emphasizes the significance of perceiving one's intrinsic nature both directly and intuitively.

Alan Watts explores the concept of understanding the interconnectedness of all that exists, emphasizing the significance of direct experience and the development of a consciousness that is both broad and cohesive. He emphasizes the importance of remaining grounded in the present moment, allowing our innate understanding to guide us, and embracing the nature of our everyday experiences with full acceptance.

Delving into a domain that transcends analytical logic.

Watts communicates that the essence of Zen practice is the recognition that attempting to comprehend the Ultimate Reality through analytical thought or mental constructs is in vain. He elucidates how Zen mentors frequently employ paradoxical tales, actions that appear illogical, or firsthand experiences to transcend the confines of conventional logic, thus prompting pupils to develop a more immediate and instinctive comprehension.

In his book, he recounts a scenario in which a Zen teacher questions a student on the path to spiritual enlightenment, asking, "Did you finish your morning meal?" Ensure that your dishes are washed. Enlightenment is found through a simple and undeviating awareness of our daily actions, rather than by participating in intricate philosophical discussions.

Developing an awareness that remains both expansive and integrated.

Zen practice, as depicted by Watts, fosters a mindset of impartial mindfulness, embracing each instant as it arises without opposition, and remains anchored in the immediacy of now, free from attachment or aversion. This requires releasing our inclination to scrutinize, classify, and decipher our experiences, permitting them to exist in their natural state.

Alan Watts underscores the importance of engaging in meditation, mindfulness, and the exploration of koans—enigmatic riddles—as a means to cultivate a consciousness that goes beyond binary thought processes.

Other Perspectives

• The concept of wu-wei might lead to passivity in situations where action is necessary for change or improvement.
• Trusting in life's natural progression without any control can result in a lack of preparedness for future challenges.
• Emphasizing spontaneity could discourage the development of long-term planning and the consideration of consequences.
• The Zen focus on the present moment might neglect the importance of learning from the past or preparing for the future.
• Relying solely on intuition and direct experience may overlook the benefits of analytical thinking and logical reasoning in understanding complex issues.
• The idea of transcending analytical logic could be impractical in modern society, where data-driven decisions are often necessary.
• The expansive and integrated awareness promoted by Zen might be difficult to maintain in everyday life, especially in environments that require focused attention and critical thinking.

Acknowledging the profound impact that the subconscious has on a person's spiritual development.

This section explores the profound impact of our subconscious on our spiritual journey, highlighting the importance of welcoming change. Watts emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and integrating the unconscious in order to achieve genuine spiritual freedom and wholeness.

The unconscious consists of aspects of oneself that have yet to be recognized or accepted.

Watts delves into the concealed dimensions of human consciousness, blending modern psychological understanding with ancient spiritual traditions. He clarifies that the unconscious is not a separate inner presence or a hidden part of our psyche, but rather the vast and unexplored aspects of our being—elements of ourselves that escape our conscious recognition and remain to be assimilated.

Our consciousness encompasses more than our direct perceptions, with the unconscious not being a separate entity.

Watts offers a more nuanced perspective, challenging the common depiction of the unconscious as a mysterious, obscured domain filled with suppressed longings and obscure drives. Alan Watts describes the unconscious as elements of an individual's identity that are not within their conscious perception. The book delves into the entirety of our being, encompassing hidden desires and unrealized capabilities, as well as the essential roots of our creativity and innate understanding.

Recognizing and incorporating the unconscious, instead of suppressing it, is of crucial importance.

Watts contends that recognizing and embracing the unconscious is crucial for attaining a state of complete psychological and spiritual health. He cautions against the tendency to disown aspects of ourselves we dislike, emphasizing that this refusal only strengthens the unconscious mind, which leads to internal conflict and neurotic behavior. He encourages us to explore our psyche's deepest aspects with empathy and inquisitiveness, urging us to confront our hidden facets, recognize our untapped potential, and accept our entire being.

Acceptance leads to a path of spiritual freedom.

Watts emphasizes the significant influence that acceptance of an individual's unique path can have on personal change. He explains that by embracing every aspect of ourselves, including our imperfections and limitations, we can achieve true freedom and joy.

Accepting life's path without attempting to change or improve one's inherent characteristics.

Watts challenges the notion that personal spiritual development requires a constant striving for self-improvement, suggesting that this approach often results in an endless cycle of self-judgment and dissatisfaction. He argues that true freedom arises when we fully accept all parts of who we are, including both our strengths and our weaknesses.

Alan Watts compares the enduring self to an insect trying to penetrate a metallic cow, emphasizing the futility of trying to bring about change through sheer willpower alone. True acceptance, as he describes it, involves welcoming our present situation wholeheartedly, letting go of fixed ideas about who we are, and immersing ourselves completely in the present moment.

Accepting oneself entirely, along with all flaws and limitations.

Watts advocates for a deep acceptance that includes every aspect of our being, including the aspects we might prefer to hide or deny, such as our shadowy characteristics and the flaws we acknowledge. This acceptance signifies not a resignation to mediocrity or a cessation of healthy growth and development. Instead, it signifies establishing a base of self-kindness that allows us to confront our obstacles, delve into our personal intricacies, and realize our utmost capabilities.

Watts conveys that true freedom comes from embracing the complexities and apparent contradictions that are part of our own nature, recognizing that our existence is a manifestation of the divine or the Tao, rather than trying to change into a different person. In this domain of total acceptance, he suggests that we discover the boundless happiness, creative vigor, and unified wholeness that exemplify a life characterized by enlightenment.

Other Perspectives

• The subconscious may not be the only or most significant factor in spiritual development; cultural, social, and educational influences can also play critical roles.
• Some psychological theories argue that the unconscious can sometimes be a separate entity, as seen in cases of dissociative identity disorder.
• There is debate over whether consciousness can truly encompass the unconscious or if they are fundamentally distinct parts of the psyche.
• Some schools of thought, such as certain behavioral therapies, suggest that recognizing the unconscious may not always be necessary for psychological health or spiritual development.
• The concept of spiritual freedom through acceptance could be seen as passive and may not resonate with those who believe in proactive self-improvement and transformation.
• The idea of not changing inherent characteristics might conflict with the belief in personal growth and the potential for fundamental change.
• Complete acceptance of oneself, including flaws, could be argued to discourage critical self-reflection and the motivation to address and rectify harmful behaviors or attitudes.