PDF Summary:Angels with Dirty Faces, by Jonathan Wilson

Tracing the evolution of soccer in Argentina, from its British roots to the modern era, Angels with Dirty Faces chronicles how a game shaped the nation's identity. Author Jonathan Wilson explores the cultural impact of the distinct attacking styles embraced by Argentinian teams—the artistry and flair celebrated as "la nuestra" countered by the pragmatic "anti-fútbol" approach.

Wilson covers the landmark teams, coaches, and players who embodied these philosophies, intertwining pivotal moments in Argentinian soccer with the country's larger political backdrop. As economic and societal turmoil led to cycles of dominance, chaos, and reinvention in its football scene, soccer remained intrinsically tied to Argentine culture, mirroring the nation's challenges and contradictions.

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• Reflect on your personal beliefs and challenge them by seeking out new information in areas where you feel resistant to change. For example, if you've always believed that a certain diet is the best for health, research emerging nutritional science and experiment with new eating habits to see if they offer better results for you.

Iconic Teams and Players Shaping the Golden Age Legacy

La Máquina: Mesmerizing Soccer, Benchmarking Excellence

In describing this era, Wilson focuses on the legendary 1940s River Plate squad, called la Máquina, as its most potent embodiment. Led by manager Renato Cesarini, this side played a style of football that encapsulated the beauty and flair of their native style. Their intricate passing patterns, their coordinated attacking movements, and their individual talent captured the imagination of audiences, setting a standard of excellence against which future Argentinian teams would be measured.

The author suggests that the legendary team la Máquina's lasting impact extended far beyond their on-field accomplishments, their image becoming synonymous with the idealized vision of Argentine soccer. Even decades later, references to the squad dubbed "La Máquina" evoke a sense of longing for that era, prompting wistful comparisons with contemporary teams that often fall short. Their success, however, also highlights the paradox central to the Argentine style: their reliance on individual talent ultimately leading to inconsistency and a failure to achieve consistent dominance at the continental and international level.

Practical Tips

• Engage in role-playing exercises that simulate the decision-making processes of successful teams. Gather a group of friends or colleagues and assign roles based on the positions of la Máquina's players. Create scenarios that require teamwork and strategy, and work through them together. This can help you develop a deeper understanding of the collaborative processes that contribute to team success and improve your own collaborative skills.
• You can set your own standard of excellence by identifying a role model in your field and analyzing their success traits. Start by researching someone who is considered a pinnacle of success in your area of interest. Break down their achievements into actionable traits such as discipline, innovation, or leadership. Then, create a personal development plan to cultivate these traits in yourself, setting specific goals and timelines to measure your progress.
• Develop a team ritual based on Argentine soccer traditions to strengthen camaraderie. Before games or practices, you could incorporate a tradition such as a group chant, a particular warm-up routine, or wearing a symbolic item that reflects the spirit of Argentine soccer. This ritual will help to mentally prepare the team and create a shared experience that aligns with the idealized vision.
• Explore the effectiveness of contrasting management styles by shadowing leaders in your workplace with different approaches. By observing how different leaders operate, especially those who might embody the "Argentine style" or its paradoxes, you can gain insights into the effectiveness of various management techniques. For example, you might notice that a leader who allows for more autonomy sparks greater creativity among the team, while another who is more hands-on ensures that deadlines are consistently met.
• You can foster team cohesion by starting a peer recognition program at work. Encourage employees to acknowledge their colleagues' contributions publicly, which can be as simple as a shout-out during meetings or a note on a communal bulletin board. This practice can shift the focus from individual achievements to collective effort, reinforcing the idea that success is a team endeavor.

Legendary Players Bernabé Ferreyra and Adolfo Pedernera: Skill and Artistry During the Golden Era

Wilson's analysis of the golden age goes beyond the team level, highlighting individuals such as Bernabé Ferreyra and Adolfo Pedernera as embodying the quintessential Argentinian style of play. Ferreyra, a powerful and explosive center-forward, joined River Plate in 1932, becoming one of Argentinian soccer's inaugural superstars. Pedernera, an elegant and creative playmaker, began his career with River Plate in 1935. Both are still considered, along with la Máquina, as representing the epitome of skill and artistry.

The author suggests that the brilliance of these players, coupled with their charismatic personalities, captivated audiences and further cemented the national conviction in the superiority of their soccer. Yet, Wilson also examines how their lives mirrored the excesses and inconsistencies of this "era of prosperity." Ferreyra's physicality, while bringing him success, also contributed to a series of injuries, prematurely ending his career, while Pedernera's off-field indulgences at times hampered his performance.

Practical Tips

• Explore the Argentinian style of play by watching classic football matches featuring Bernabé Ferreyra and Adolfo Pedernera online. By observing their movements, techniques, and strategies, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the skills that defined their era. Look for video compilations or full matches on sports streaming platforms or historical sports archives to see these players in action.
• Create a personal highlight reel by documenting your progress in any new skill or hobby. Ferreyra's explosive performances were likely talked about among fans; similarly, track your own 'game-changing' moments. Use a journal or a video diary to record breakthroughs, successes, and even failures. Reviewing this over time can boost your confidence and motivation, much like a sports highlight reel can inspire athletes.
• Develop your decision-making skills by playing strategy-based board games or video games that require foresight and planning. Games like chess or football manager simulations can help you understand the importance of anticipating moves ahead of time, akin to a playmaker mapping out plays on the field.
• You can enhance your own skill and artistry by practicing a new creative hobby, such as painting or playing a musical instrument, dedicating at least 30 minutes daily to develop finesse similar to that of a master. By consistently engaging in a creative activity, you'll cultivate patience, attention to detail, and an appreciation for the process of mastery, much like the dedication of Ferreyra and Pedernera to their craft.
• Embrace the power of storytelling by sharing personal experiences that highlight your skills or passions during social gatherings. Just as charismatic soccer players captivate audiences, your stories can leave a lasting impression on friends and acquaintances, potentially opening doors to new opportunities or strengthening your social network.
• Reflect on your personal history to identify patterns that align with historical trends. By examining your own life events and decisions, you can see how they may have been influenced by the broader socio-economic climate of the time. For example, if you bought a house during a real estate boom or chose a career path during a tech surge, consider how these choices were shaped by the era's prosperity and its eventual downturns.
• Incorporate cross-training into your fitness routine to distribute physical stress across different muscle groups and reduce the risk of overuse injuries. If you typically focus on weightlifting, try adding yoga or swimming to your regimen. These activities can enhance flexibility and cardiovascular health, providing a more balanced approach to fitness that supports longevity in your chosen sport or physical activity.
• Set clear boundaries between work and leisure time to prevent overindulgence. Establish specific times for relaxation and enjoyment, and stick to them as you would any professional appointment. If you enjoy socializing, schedule it for the weekend or your days off, ensuring it doesn't interfere with your work commitments.

1957 South American Champions: Saints With Sooty Faces

Wilson presents the Argentinian team that won the 1957 South American Championship, nicknamed "the Dirty Angels," as a final, glorious example of their footballing identity before the 1958 World Cup defeat began the shift to anti-fútbol. The team, with an attacking lineup featuring players like Corbatta, Maschio, Angelillo, Sívori, and Cruz, swept aside the opposition, showcasing a style that was both beautiful and effective. They captivated audiences with their dazzling skills, their clever passing combinations, and their passion for the sport, solidifying Argentina's conviction that their approach was potent.

The author describes the team's nickname, a reference to the 1938 Hollywood movie featuring James Cagney, as a perfect encapsulation of their irreverent spirit, reflecting their impudence on the field and their less-than-rigorous attitude toward training. Their victory was seen as a national triumph, and the team, particularly the forward line, achieved a mythical status, their performance now regarded as a nostalgic reminder of a lost golden age.

Practical Tips

• Start a blog or social media page dedicated to "Today in Sports History" where you share daily posts about historical sports events. Use the story of the 1957 South American Championship as a template for the kind of content you want to share. This can help you and your followers learn about and celebrate the rich history of sports across the world.
• Use your team's nickname as a theme for team-building activities or events. If your team is nicknamed "The Pioneers" for your innovative approach, you could organize a "Pioneer Day" where everyone shares new ideas or technologies they've discovered, further cementing your group's identity and purpose.
• Organize a local sports tournament that emphasizes creative team formations. Encourage participants to form teams with an attacking mindset, similar to the lineup mentioned, and see how it affects the gameplay and results. This hands-on experience will give you insights into the challenges and advantages of an offensive strategy in team sports.
• Start a discussion group with friends who enjoy sports to talk about different styles of play and their effectiveness. Each member could research a different team or sport and share their findings. This could lead to a deeper understanding of what makes a style of play not only beautiful but also effective, such as the fluid passing in football or the relentless defense in basketball.
• Cultivate passion in your daily activities by setting aside time each week to engage in a hobby or activity you're enthusiastic about. Whether it's sports, art, or volunteering, actively participating in something you love can reignite your passion. This enthusiasm can spill over into other areas of your life, improving your overall performance and engagement.
• Host a themed event or gathering that pays homage to a particular era or genre depicted in classic films. If you're part of a book club, consider a 1930s Hollywood-themed meeting where discussions focus on books that were adapted into films during that time.
• Start each meeting or practice with a quick, unconventional icebreaker that breaks the usual routine. For instance, you could have team members share the most unusual thing they did in the past week or a funny anecdote. This can help set a tone of levity and irreverence from the beginning, making the team more cohesive and less focused on the rigors of training.
• Volunteer for projects that benefit your community and treat their successful outcomes as collective achievements. For example, participate in a local clean-up drive or a fundraising event for a community cause. When the project reaches its goal, share the success with contributors and the community to enhance a sense of shared accomplishment.
• Start a blog or social media account dedicated to analyzing and celebrating the strategies and successes of exceptional teams, much like the forward line mentioned. Focus on breaking down their plays, teamwork, and the culture that contributes to their mythical status. Engage with other fans and experts to expand your understanding and appreciation of what makes a team legendary.
• Implement a mentorship program pairing new team members with veterans who experienced the "golden age." Encourage the mentors to share insights and lessons learned from that period, fostering a transfer of knowledge and culture. This can help newer members understand and contribute to the legacy of the team while ensuring that valuable experience is not lost.

Argentinian Soccer Decline, Rise of "Anti-Fútbol", Impact of 1970s Political Turmoil

Argentina's 1958 World Cup Loss Shatters Soccer Superiority, Prompts New Approaches

The Emergence of "Anti-Fútbol" and the Shift to a Win-at-All-Costs Style

Wilson argues that the 1958 World Cup defeat to Czechoslovakia marked a turning point in Argentina's soccer history, shattering its sense of superiority and prompting a radical reassessment of the principles of "la nuestra." Argentina, having entered the competition with high expectations, were humiliated, revealing the tactical and physical limitations of their traditional approach and exposing their reliance on individual brilliance. This defeat, occurring amid wider social and political turmoil in Argentina, forced a re-evaluation of soccer, leading to the rise of "anti-fútbol," a more pragmatic, results-oriented style that prioritized winning at all costs.

Wilson suggests that the introduction of anti-fútbol represented a significant shift in Argentina's approach to soccer, embracing a more tactical, discipline-oriented, and defensively sound strategy. Teams started focusing on negating their rivals' assets, often using cynical tactics like tactical fouling, aggressive man-marking, and a more physical game. This contrasted starkly with the artistic, attacking flair of their traditional approach, representing a move from their idealized vision of soccer toward a more pragmatic, win-at-all-costs mentality. This change in approach was further fueled by the sport becoming more professionalized and the desire to secure financial success, prompting a more calculated approach that valued victory over spectacle.

Context

• Czechoslovakia was a formidable opponent with a well-organized and disciplined team. Their tactical approach and physical style of play were effective against Argentina's more open and less structured game.
• The 1958 World Cup was held in Sweden, and Argentina's early exit was unexpected given their strong soccer heritage. The loss to Czechoslovakia was particularly shocking, as it highlighted the team's inability to adapt to more organized and physically demanding European styles.
• The late 1950s in Argentina were marked by political instability, including the fall of Juan Perón's government. This period of upheaval influenced various aspects of society, including sports, where there was a growing demand for success as a means of national pride and unity.
• The approach was often criticized for being unsportsmanlike or overly negative, leading to discussions about the ethics of such tactics in professional sports.
• The shift to "anti-fútbol" was partly driven by the desire to achieve greater success on the international stage, as Argentina sought to compete more effectively against European and South American rivals who had adopted more robust tactical systems.
• This style often involved a focus on defensive organization, such as the use of a sweeper or libero, a player who provides an additional layer of defense behind the main line.
• Over time, soccer's governing bodies have adjusted rules and enforcement to address overly aggressive play, such as introducing yellow and red cards to penalize unsporting behavior more effectively.
• The move to a more pragmatic style also reflected a psychological shift, where the fear of losing and the pressure to succeed on the international stage began to outweigh the desire to play beautifully, altering the mindset of players and coaches alike.
• This shift mirrors changes in other sports where teams or athletes prioritize winning strategies over entertaining performances, often leading to debates about the essence and purpose of the sport.
• Winning titles and performing well in international competitions could lead to financial rewards from governing bodies and increased fan engagement, directly impacting a club's or national team's financial health and sustainability.

Estudiantes and Osvaldo Zubeldía: Originators of a Disciplined, Physical, Unsportsmanlike Approach

Wilson highlights Estudiantes de La Plata and their coach Osvaldo Zubeldía as Argentina's pioneers of anti-fútbol. Zubeldía, a former Vélez player, introduced a rigidly organized and disciplined approach, emphasizing physical fitness, detailed tactical plans, and deploying a strategy of forcing offsides, a system almost entirely unknown in the Argentinian game at the time. His teams were notorious for their aggressive, cynical tactics and their willingness to engage in gamesmanship, often resorting to psychological warfare and underhanded tactics to unnerve opponents.

The author emphasizes how Estudiantes' success, including winning the Libertadores three times in a row and triumphing in the Intercontinental competition, further validated the anti-fútbol approach and shaped a generation of coaches. Their style, however, proved extremely controversial, with many traditionalists objecting to the lack of artistry and excessive physicality, claiming they betrayed the la nuestra principles. Estudiantes became a byword for everything Argentine soccer apparently began to abhor, embodying the shift toward win-at-all-costs pragmatism over elegance and personal skill.

Context

• Zubeldía's approach included psychological strategies to unsettle opponents, such as time-wasting and provoking reactions, which were considered unsportsmanlike by many.
• By employing the offside trap, Zubeldía's teams could disrupt the flow of more attack-oriented teams, forcing them to adjust their strategies and potentially nullifying their offensive threats.
• Zubeldía was one of the first to implement detailed tactical planning in Argentine football, including the use of set plays and strategic fouling, which were not commonly practiced at the time.
• Gamesmanship refers to the use of dubious methods to gain an advantage in sports, often bending the rules without outright breaking them. This can include tactics like time-wasting, feigning injury, or distracting opponents.
• This is the most prestigious club competition in South American football, akin to the UEFA Champions League in Europe. Winning it three times consecutively (1968-1970) was a significant achievement, highlighting Estudiantes' dominance in the region during that period.
• Fans and media were divided, with some admiring the effectiveness and others lamenting the perceived decline in sportsmanship and entertainment value in matches involving Estudiantes.
• Despite the controversy, Estudiantes' success led to a broader acceptance of pragmatic approaches in Argentine soccer, influencing future generations of coaches and teams.

1966 World Cup's Violent Legacy and Impact on Argentinian Soccer Perception

Wilson examines the 1966 World Cup in England, where Argentina, under the management of Juan Carlos Lorenzo—a coach heavily influenced by the catenaccio of Italian soccer—cemented their reputation as a violent, cynical team. The tournament saw several controversial incidents involving Argentine players, culminating in captain Antonio Rattin's sending-off for dissent in the infamous quarter-final defeat to England. The defeat, coupled with the perception that Argentina played unsportingly, fueled a sense of resentment towards European soccer and its officials, further entrenching Argentina's embrace of pragmatism and a more physical approach as a means to challenge those they perceived as hostile opponents.

The author suggests that the 1966 global tournament left a lasting impact on how Argentine soccer was perceived, domestically and internationally. While many in Argentina saw their team as a victim of biased refereeing and a hostile environment, the tournament also underlined the widening gap between the European and Argentinian methods of playing soccer. This contributed to a growing uncertainty about the Argentine style and its

efficacy at the highest level, reinforcing the belief that a more defensively oriented, physically dominant, and cynical approach was necessary to compete worldwide.

Context

• The quarter-final match against England became infamous not just for the on-field incidents but also for its political undertones, as it was seen as a microcosm of broader geopolitical tensions between Europe and South America during the Cold War era.
• The catenaccio system became prominent in the 1960s, particularly through the success of Italian clubs like Inter Milan under coach Helenio Herrera, who popularized and refined the system.
• Antonio Rattin, the Argentine captain, was sent off for dissent during the quarter-final match against England. This incident was controversial because Rattin claimed he did not understand the referee's instructions, as they were given in German, a language he did not speak.
• After being sent off, Rattin famously sat on the red carpet meant for the Queen, a gesture interpreted as a protest against what he perceived as unfair treatment.
• There were significant differences in refereeing standards and interpretations of the rules between continents, which sometimes led to controversial decisions and accusations of bias.
• Physicality in soccer can serve as a form of psychological warfare, intimidating opponents and disrupting their rhythm, which was particularly useful against technically superior teams.
• Media coverage at the time was less globalized, with local narratives often dominating. Argentine media likely portrayed their team as unfairly treated, reinforcing public perception of bias.
• European teams had better access to emerging sports science and training methodologies, which began to influence their playing styles and physical preparation.

Political Unrest and Soccer's Decline: Societal Impact on the Sport

The 1966 Coup's Influence: Junta's Control of Soccer Reflects Shift to Authoritarianism

Wilson argues that the 1966 military coup, instating General Onganía as president, and the subsequent era of authoritarian rule profoundly affected Argentinian soccer. The suppression of political dissent and imposition of rigid social controls mirrored the cynical, disciplined approach of anti-fútbol in play. The junta's control of the AFA and interference in club affairs, coupled with the broader economic downturn, caused attendance at games to decrease, reflecting a wider societal disillusionment and a move away from the community-centered experience of soccer's "golden era."

The author describes how the junta sought to use soccer to socially control and spread nationalistic propaganda, reflecting the authoritarian ideology of the regime. Clubs felt pressure to perform, with those deemed insufficiently patriotic facing reprisals. At the same time, financial support from the state became more selective, favoring those with strong connections to the armed forces. This further exacerbated the disparities between the wealthy major clubs and smaller sides, limiting their ability to challenge the established hierarchy and stymieing the emergence of fresh talent.

Context

• The 1966 coup in Argentina was part of a broader pattern of military interventions in Latin America during the Cold War, often supported by the United States as a means to counter perceived communist threats.
• The shift to a more disciplined and cynical style of play mirrored the broader societal changes under authoritarian rule, where individual expression was often suppressed in favor of conformity and control.
• Increased police and military presence at games, intended to maintain order, could have created an intimidating atmosphere, discouraging attendance.
• Similar strategies were employed by other regimes, such as Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, where sports were used to project power and ideological superiority.
• Financial support could include direct funding, tax breaks, or favorable terms for stadium improvements. Clubs with military connections might also receive preferential treatment in scheduling or broadcasting rights, enhancing their financial stability and public profile.
• During authoritarian regimes, state support often favored clubs with political connections, further entrenching the power and resources of major clubs over smaller ones.
• The regime's focus on nationalism and propaganda might have shifted the cultural narrative around soccer, prioritizing national success over local traditions and community values.

New Middle Class Emergence Shifts Entertainment Preferences, Lowers Stadium Attendance

Wilson analyzes how the social and economic changes of the 1960s, particularly the growing urbanization and emergence of a new middle class, further contributed to the waning of traditional soccer culture in Argentina. The increase in disposable income and access to new entertainment options, especially television, shifted preferences away from the public spectacle of soccer matches, leading to a decrease in attendance at stadiums. This diminished both the clubs' revenue and the vibrancy of the traditional matchday experience, highlighting the evolving social dynamics of the country.

The author suggests this changing entertainment landscape also reflected a gradual erosion of the strong local and barrio-level senses of self that had earlier underpinned Argentinian football culture. As the middle class expanded, encompassing a broader range of professions and social backgrounds, people became less invested in the successes and failures of their neighborhood teams, eroding the communal belonging that previously characterized the sport. This shift in demographics and entertainment preferences, coupled with the junta's authoritarian grip on society, marked a turning point in the cultural standing of Argentine football, bringing an end to the golden age and setting the stage for a more pragmatic and cynical era.

Other Perspectives

• The emergence of a new middle class may not be the sole or primary factor in shifting entertainment preferences; technological advancements such as the introduction of television could have played a more significant role.
• The correlation between urbanization, increased disposable income, and lower stadium attendance does not necessarily imply causation; there could be underlying variables that were not accounted for.
• The presence of television could have been a complement rather than a substitute for live attendance, as fans might use televised matches to follow teams they could not physically see due to distance or cost.
• The decrease in attendance could be part of a cyclical trend in sports where interest waxes and wanes over time, rather than a permanent shift away from live matches.
• The middle class expansion might have provided neighborhood teams with new opportunities for sponsorship and partnerships, potentially offsetting the decrease in traditional forms of investment.
• The sense of community and local identity could have evolved rather than eroded, with fans finding new ways to connect and support their teams that do not necessarily involve attending stadium matches.
• The idea that a pragmatic and cynical era followed may overlook the possibility that passion and loyalty for football remained strong, albeit expressed in different ways or through different mediums, such as increased viewership on television.

1974 World Cup: Argentina's Struggles and Traditional Style Doubts

Wilson presents the 1974 World Cup in West Germany as additional proof of the declining status of Argentinian soccer. The team, led by Vladislao Cap, endured a disastrous campaign, suffering humiliating defeats to both Poland and the Dutch, exposing their lack of physicality and defensive organization. This failure further strengthened the conviction that Argentina had lagged in the tactical evolution of the European game, fueling doubts about whether la nuestra was effective at the highest level.

The author highlights how this World Cup disaster, coupled with the ongoing societal turmoil during the junta, intensified the debate around Argentinian soccer's stylistic identity. Traditionalists clung to the principles of their traditional style, while pragmatists argued for a more disciplined and physical approach, reflecting the growing influence of European soccer. This struggle for direction would continue to shape Argentina's soccer for decades to come, highlighting the nation's conflicted relationship with its own history and its struggle to adapt to a quickly evolving global game.

Practical Tips

• Create a personal development plan that includes regular assessments of your skills and achievements. Just as the 1974 World Cup served as a benchmark for Argentinian soccer, use milestones like job promotions, skill certifications, or personal project completions to evaluate your growth over time. This will help you identify areas of decline or progress in your career or personal life.
• Create a 'defeat analysis' group with friends or colleagues: Similar to a book club, gather a group of people who are interested in personal growth. Regularly meet to discuss each other's past defeats in a constructive manner, offering feedback and support to turn those experiences into learning moments.
• Create a buddy accountability system where you pair up with someone to set goals for physical and strategic improvements. Regular check-ins with your buddy can help maintain motivation, track progress, and provide mutual support for developing physicality and defensive tactics.
• Analyze the tactical formations of local soccer teams to understand current trends and deficiencies. By attending local games or watching them on TV, you can observe the strategies used by the teams. Take notes on formations, player roles, and the flow of the game. Compare these with the tactics used in European leagues, which you can research online through match analyses and tactical breakdowns by soccer pundits.
• Start a blog or podcast where you critically review different strategies used in various fields, such as business, sports, or entertainment. Focus on dissecting what works and what doesn't, much like scrutinizing a soccer team's style of play. This will not only help you develop critical thinking and analytical skills but also provide a platform for others to engage with your perspectives and possibly offer alternative viewpoints.
• Create a personal project that examines different styles within a field you're passionate about, such as cooking, music, or art. For example, if you enjoy cooking, try preparing dishes in both traditional and innovative ways, documenting the results, and reflecting on what these styles say about cultural identity and personal preference.
• Create a family history project by collecting stories, recipes, and photographs from older generations. This project will help you understand the importance of maintaining traditions within your own family and community. As you compile this information, you may discover patterns and values that have been passed down and begin to see the significance of preserving these elements for future generations.
• You can integrate European soccer training techniques into your fitness routine by setting up drills that focus on agility, endurance, and ball control. For example, use cones to create a dribbling course in your backyard or local park, and time yourself to see how quickly you can navigate the course while maintaining control of the ball. This not only improves your soccer skills but also enhances your overall physical fitness.
• Volunteer with a local sports organization to help create programs that build resilience in athletes. Work with coaches and managers to develop workshops or training sessions that focus on mental toughness, adaptability, and overcoming adversity, drawing parallels to historical challenges faced by sports teams like those in Argentina.
• Create a visual timeline of a sports team or organization you're interested in to identify patterns of struggle and direction. Use a simple spreadsheet or drawing app to map out key events, leadership changes, and milestones. This will help you visualize the ebb and flow of direction in the group and could reveal insights into how organizations navigate through periods of uncertainty.
• Start a journal where you record not only your achievements but also your setbacks and how you feel about them in a particular area of interest. This mirrors the process of acknowledging a conflicted history, as it encourages a balanced view of your past experiences. If you're into gardening, note the successful harvests as well as the plants that didn't thrive, and how these outcomes influence your gardening practices now.
• Start a "global game" journal where you track changes in international relations, trade, or technology that could impact your life or work. Note down potential opportunities or threats each change might present. For instance, if a new trade agreement is signed, consider how it might affect your job market or the cost of goods you regularly purchase.

1980s Revival in Argentine Football: Challenges of Corruption, Violence, and Lack of Long-Term Thinking

The Revolution Against Anti-Football: Resurgence of Modern Attacking Tactics

César Menotti's Appointment as Coach and Modern Version of "La Nuestra"

Jonathan Wilson argues that Argentina's humiliating loss to the Netherlands in the 1974 World Cup prompted a counterrevolution against anti-fútbol, leading to the appointment of César Menotti as national coach. Menotti, a proponent of "our style," sought to return Argentina to a more artful, attacking style, emphasizing possession, intricate passing patterns, and individual creativity while also acknowledging the need for tactical discipline and physical fitness. He represented a rejection of the cynical pragmatism that had dominated the sixties, advocating for a more aesthetically pleasing approach that was true to Argentina's roots.

Menotti's appointment, Wilson suggests, sparked a resurgence in Argentina's soccer, as he successfully implemented his philosophy, leading the

nation to a championship victory in 1978. His team, featuring players such as Osvaldo Ardiles, Mario Kempes, and Daniel Passarella, captivated audiences with their blend of skill and attacking flair, renewing faith in la nuestra's philosophy and solidifying its position as a key element of national identity.

Context

• Menotti's tenure coincided with a turbulent period in Argentina's history, including the military dictatorship that began in 1976. His success provided a unifying source of national pride during a time of political unrest.
• "La Nuestra" refers to a traditional Argentine style of soccer that emphasizes skillful play, creativity, and attacking prowess. It emerged as a cultural expression of Argentine identity, contrasting with more defensive or pragmatic styles.
• While emphasizing creativity, Menotti also recognized the importance of tactical discipline, ensuring that players understood their roles within the team structure to maintain balance and cohesion.
• The shift back to a more artistic style under Menotti was not just a tactical change but also a cultural reaffirmation of Argentine identity, celebrating the country's footballing heritage.
• Anti-fútbol is a term used to describe a defensive, often aggressive style of play that prioritizes results over aesthetics. Menotti's philosophy was a direct response to this, aiming to restore beauty and artistry to the game.
• Mario Kempes was the top scorer of the tournament and played a crucial role in Argentina's success. His performance in the final, where he scored twice, was instrumental in securing the victory against the Netherlands.
• A commanding presence in defense, Passarella was also known for his leadership and ability to score goals, particularly from set-pieces, adding an extra dimension to the team's attacking capabilities.

Bielsa's Pressing Style Inspires New Generation of Argentine Coaches

While Menotti embodied the resurgence of the nuestra identity, Wilson argues that Marcelo Bielsa, whose managerial career began with the Rosario-based club in 1990, presented a more radical vision, drawing inspiration from the Dutch "Total Football" philosophy while also acknowledging the importance of tactical discipline. His teams were characterized by unrelenting pressing, fluid positional interchanges, and a focus on attacking with speed and directness, embodying a third way, a fusion of the la nuestra philosophy and those European elements, that would serve as inspiration for a new wave of Argentinian coaches.

Wilson describes Marcelo's precise approach, his relentless attention to detail, and his willingness to challenge established conventions as both inspiring and controversial. He revolutionized training methods, introduced complex tactical systems, and instilled a work ethic in his players that transcended Argentinian soccer norms. His influence, though, extended beyond Newell's: his ideas about possession, pressing, and the importance of physical condition permeated Argentina's game and beyond, establishing the groundwork for the tactical approach that would dominate football in the early 21st century.

Practical Tips

• Start small in your field to gain experience and build a foundation. Just as Marcelo Bielsa began his managerial career with a local club, you can initiate your career or new venture by finding opportunities within your community or local area. For instance, if you're interested in event planning, start by organizing small community events or volunteer to coordinate activities for local non-profits to hone your skills.
• Improve your personal adaptability by learning a new skill unrelated to your current expertise. Just as Total Football players are expected to perform in multiple positions, you can become more versatile by, for instance, taking up a basic coding course if you're in a non-technical field or learning about digital marketing if you're traditionally in finance.
• Apply fluid positional interchanges to your collaborative projects by rotating roles within your team for a week. This could mean that if you're usually responsible for data analysis, you switch to a creative task, allowing for fresh perspectives and a better understanding of each other's roles, akin to players switching positions during a game.
• Blend diverse cultural tactics in your team projects by assigning roles that reflect different international strategies. For instance, if you're working on a marketing campaign, you could combine the creativity of la nuestra's improvisational style with the structured approach of European planning. One team member could focus on generating out-of-the-box ideas inspired by Latin American flair, while another ensures these ideas fit into a precise, timeline-driven execution plan.
• Experiment with "training drills" for your brain to improve cognitive flexibility. Just as athletes use varied training methods to improve their performance, you can apply this concept to mental exercises. Rotate through different types of brain training apps or puzzles each day of the week to challenge different cognitive skills. For instance, use a language learning app on Mondays, a logic puzzle app on Tuesdays, and so on, to keep your brain adapting to new challenges.
• Embrace a 'lead by example' approach in your team or group settings by consistently demonstrating the work ethic you wish to see in others. For instance, if you're part of a community project, be the first to arrive and the last to leave, showing commitment and dedication that can inspire your peers.

Menottisme vs. Bilardisme: Idealism vs. Pragmatism in Argentine Soccer

Wilson suggests that the contrasting approaches of Menotti and Bilardo—la nuestra revisited versus a more pragmatic, results-oriented anti-fútbol—shaped the main ideological battle in Argentinian soccer throughout the late twentieth century. This dichotomy, termed Menottisme vs. Bilardisme, reflected a wider societal tension contrasting idealism with practicality, a struggle between the artistic and the more calculated, win-at-all-costs mentality.

The author examines how this debate influenced not only the playing styles of the country's squad and clubs but also the national discourse around soccer. Fans and journalists aligned themselves with one camp or the other, making a case for the superiority of their chosen approach and disparaging the opposing philosophy. This constant tension, Wilson suggests, reflected both Argentina's complex past and its struggle to reconcile its romanticized history with the realities of a rapidly evolving global game.

Other Perspectives

• The dichotomy between Menottisme and Bilardisme could be a retrospective construction that does not accurately reflect the nuanced views and practices of coaches and players at the time.
• The terms "idealism" and "pragmatism" are subjective and can be interpreted differently, so what one group sees as idealistic, another might see as naively impractical, and vice versa.
• The idea that this dichotomy reflects wider societal tension might ignore the fact that many fans and practitioners of soccer can appreciate both the artistic and pragmatic aspects of the game without feeling the need to choose one over the other.
• The impact of economic factors and club management decisions on playing styles should not be underestimated, as financial constraints, player transfers, and executive strategies can have a significant effect on how teams play, regardless of the prevailing soccer ideology.
• Romanticized history can be a source of inspiration and identity that coexists with global trends, rather than something that needs to be reconciled.

Argentina's Dominance in Copa Libertadores: National Pride and Resilience Amid Economic Turmoil

Rise of Smaller Clubs Challenging "Big Five" Due to Financial Instability in Sport

Alongside this ideological struggle, Wilson examines how the economic turmoil of the 1980s and the decline in the financial power of the "Big Five" created opportunities for smaller clubs to challenge the hegemony, leading to a period of remarkable diversity in Argentina's league and demonstrating the nation's soccer-playing strength. As the grandes struggled to retain top talent, faced with mounting debts and the limitations of a collapsed economy, a new breed of clubs emerged, implementing innovative tactics and nurturing local talent, achieving success both domestically and in continental competitions.

The author highlights how these smaller clubs, embodying a blend of the Argentine playing style and the disciplined approaches pioneered by Zubeldía and Griguol, challenged the entrenched elite. Their successes, often achieved with comparatively limited resources, became a source of pride for the nation, showcasing the depth of talent within Argentina's soccer and its capacity for reinvention.

Context

• Economic policies during this time, such as austerity measures and currency devaluations, further strained the financial resources of these clubs, making it difficult for them to maintain their dominance.
• The 1980s were marked by significant economic challenges globally, including high inflation rates, debt crises, and economic recessions, which affected many industries, including sports.
• Boca Juniors, River Plate, Racing Club, Independiente, and San Lorenzo. These clubs have traditionally dominated the league in terms of titles, fan base, and financial power.
• Smaller clubs often adopted new tactical approaches, such as pressing and zonal marking, which were less common among the larger, more traditional clubs.
• Griguol was another influential coach who focused on teamwork, discipline, and the development of young players. He was known for his ability to maximize the potential of limited resources, often working with smaller clubs to achieve significant success.
• Club management had to be particularly resourceful, finding ways to stretch limited funds, such as through strategic partnerships, sponsorships, and efficient club operations.

Vélez Sarsfield's Copa Libertadores and Intercontinental Cup Success: Smaller Teams' Path to Global Recognition

Wilson presents Vélez Sarsfield, historically among the less glamorous clubs in Buenos Aires, as the epitome of this new breed of successful smaller team, achieving a remarkable double in 1994 by winning both the Copa Libertadores and the Intercontinental Cup under coach Carlos Bianchi. Their win was built on a solid defensive foundation and a pragmatic approach, prioritizing organization, effort, and a ruthlessly efficient way of playing. They defeated the reigning champions, São Paulo, in the final match of the Libertadores, before overcoming the mighty AC Milan in the Intercontinental Cup, a triumph that resonated across Argentina.

The author suggests that Vélez's success represented a win for the smaller, less affluent clubs, highlighting how tactical discipline and astute management could overcome the financial benefits of the elite clubs. Their achievements, attained with a blend of the "our style" and the more modern tactical approaches of bilardisme, offered a blueprint for success, motivating many clubs to challenge the established hierarchy and embrace a more nuanced and diverse strategy.

Practical Tips

• Engage in a mentorship relationship by connecting with a local coach or leader who exemplifies the qualities of successful leadership seen in Carlos Bianchi. Through regular meetings or conversations, you can gain firsthand knowledge of effective leadership and management techniques that can be applied to your own life, whether in a professional setting or in personal endeavors.
• Adopt a pragmatic approach to problem-solving by focusing on simple, achievable solutions rather than overcomplicating matters. When faced with a challenge, break it down into smaller, manageable parts and tackle each one with a straightforward action plan. For instance, if you're trying to save money, start by cutting out one unnecessary expense at a time instead of attempting an entire lifestyle overhaul all at once.
• Create a "minimum effort checklist" for recurring tasks to ensure consistency without overexertion. This checklist should include the least number of steps needed to complete a task effectively. For instance, if you're preparing a meal, list out the essential steps and ingredients, and stick to them to avoid unnecessary complexity and effort.
• Start a community group focused on supporting and celebrating the achievements of smaller clubs in your area. This could involve organizing viewing parties for games, creating a fanzine or blog to share news and stories about the club, or even fundraising to help cover the club's expenses. By fostering a sense of community around these clubs, you help to build their reputation and can attract new supporters.
• Develop a personal "management dashboard" using a simple spreadsheet or free online tool to oversee your finances astutely. Include categories such as income, savings, investments, and expenses. Update it weekly to stay on top of your financial health. By visualizing your financial data, you can make informed decisions, like adjusting your budget to save for an emergency fund.
• Create a personal success template by analyzing the achievements of individuals or organizations you admire in your field of interest. Start by listing their milestones, the strategies they used, and the obstacles they overcame. Then, adapt these elements to your own goals, ensuring they align with your values and resources.
• Experiment with hybrid solutions in everyday problem-solving by taking a conventional approach and adding a modern twist. If you're organizing your home, use the Marie Kondo method (traditional) to declutter and then use a home organization app (modern) to maintain it. This practice can help you develop a mindset that appreciates the value of both old and new methods.

River Plate Makes a Comeback: Libertadores Triumph Restores Pride and Reinforces Iconic Status

Wilson describes how River Plate, despite the struggles and humiliation of relegation, reasserted itself as a dominant force in Argentina's football scene in the 1990s, reclaiming its position as an elite club both domestically and on the continental stage. After winning a series of local titles under Passarella, River, managed by Ramón Díaz, finally ended its seventeen-year drought in the Copa Libertadores with a victory over América de Cali in 1996, a moment of glorious redemption that solidified their position within Argentina's soccer narrative.

The author suggests that River's triumph was built on a blending of its traditional attacking style with a new emphasis on tactical discipline and physical strength. The return of Enzo Francescoli, an elegant and iconic playmaker from the 1980s, along with the rise of young talents such as Ortega and Hernán Crespo, gave them an attacking force capable of both dazzling and grinding out results. Their 1996 triumph, achieved one week after Messi's tenth birthday, marked not just a return to glory for River but also a symbolic passing of the torch, hinting at the emergence of a new generation of talent capable of reclaiming Argentina's position as a global leader in soccer.

Context

• As a manager, Ramón Díaz is credited with implementing a more modern and effective tactical approach, blending traditional Argentine flair with European-style discipline, which was crucial for River Plate's success during his tenure.
• River Plate's relegation in 2011 was a historic low point for the club, as they had never been relegated before. Their earlier struggles in the 1980s and 1990s were part of a broader narrative of recovery and redemption.
• River Plate has historically been known for its offensive play, characterized by fluid passing, creativity, and a focus on scoring goals. This style is often referred to as "La Máquina," a term that originated in the 1940s to describe their dynamic and effective forward line.
• Ariel Ortega, known as "El Burrito," was a dynamic attacking midfielder renowned for his dribbling skills, creativity, and flair. His ability to break down defenses and create scoring opportunities made him a key asset in River Plate's attacking lineup.
• Enzo Francescoli, often referred to as "El Príncipe," is a legendary figure in River Plate's history. His return to the club in the 1990s brought experience and leadership, contributing significantly to their success.
• Many Argentine players were moving to Europe, and River Plate's success demonstrated that local clubs could still compete at a high level.

Systemic Issues Threatening the Future of Argentine Football

Barra Bravas: A Reflection of Societal Violence and Corruption in Soccer

Jonathan Wilson contends that while some of Argentinian soccer's struggles can be attributed to tactical or stylistic issues, the growing influence of barras bravas, the organized fan groups, has become a major threat to the game's integrity and future. These gangs, Wilson argues, have transformed from passionate supporters into violent criminal enterprises, infiltrating teams and controlling access to stadiums, merchandise, and event entry. Their rivalry has spilled over into extreme violence, causing countless fatalities and harm, both within stadiums and outside, creating a climate of fear and diminishing the traditional, family-centered experience of attending matches.

The author suggests that the emergence of the barras is a reflection of wider societal issues in Argentina, with the game mirroring the struggles with corruption, political violence, and economic instability that have plagued the nation throughout its recent history. The teams, often weak and lacking financial resources, have become entangled with these gangs, relying on them to control crowds and create an intimidating atmosphere within stadiums. This unhealthy symbiosis, fueled by short-termism and a win-at-all-costs mentality, has corrupted the sport, Wilson argues, creating a climate of fear and distrust that threatens to destroy the very foundations of Argentina's soccer culture.

Practical Tips

• Volunteer with organizations that work with at-risk youth to provide alternative communities to potentially violent fan groups. By offering mentorship or engaging in activities that promote teamwork and respect, you can help steer young people away from the allure of negative group dynamics that may lead to criminal behavior.
• Organize a swap meet for sports memorabilia in your community to provide a space for fans to trade items. This can be done in a local park or community center, where fans bring their own merchandise to trade with others. It's a way to control and facilitate access to desired merchandise without the need for a large inventory or capital.
• Create a family-friendly soccer viewing group by inviting friends and their families to watch games at home or in a safe public space. This fosters a communal atmosphere and can help shift the focus back to enjoying the sport as a family unit. For example, you could organize a potluck for a big game, where each family brings a dish and kids can play together while adults watch the match.
• You can observe and analyze the dynamics of crowd control at local sports events to understand the influence of passionate fan groups. Attend different games and take note of how fan groups interact with each other and the impact they have on the crowd's energy. This firsthand experience will give you insights into the social structures and behaviors that contribute to the atmosphere in sports venues.
• Create a personal code of conduct for sports engagement, whether you're a player, coach, or fan, that outlines your commitment to fairness, respect, and transparency. Share this code with your peers and encourage them to hold you accountable. This personal pledge can serve as a reminder and a standard for your behavior and decisions related to sports.
• Reflect on your personal goals and values to combat short-termism in your decision-making. By taking time each week to review your long-term objectives and how your current actions align with them, you can develop a mindset that prioritizes sustained success over immediate gratification. For example, if you're tempted to make a hasty decision at work for a quick win, remind yourself of your career goals and consider the potential long-term impacts of your choice.

Financial Instability and Overseas Sales of Players Diminish Domestic League Quality

As well as concerns over the barras, Wilson highlights the ongoing financial struggles of Argentinian football as a major threat to its long-term health. The combination of economic instability and the lure of lucrative contracts overseas has created a culture of selling players, with top talent being transferred to European clubs at increasingly younger ages, reducing the Argentine league's caliber and leaving it perpetually depleted of its top players.

This dependence on fees from transfers as a primary source of income has fostered a cycle of short-termism in which clubs are unable to build sustainable success, consistently forced to sell off their most promising players, preventing them from developing a strong core and competing against the restructured financial strength of the European leagues. This has led to an overall decline in the quality of Argentinian soccer, Wilson suggests, as clubs struggle to retain their top talent, and even the national squad is forced to rely on those who have gained recognition internationally, creating a disconnect between the domestic game and the aspirations of reaching for international glory. This financial instability, combined with the issues of violence and corruption, puts Argentina's soccer facing a future fraught with uncertainty and struggling to maintain its historical position as a global force, leaving fans to cling to the romantic memories of a past that may never return.

Context

• FIFA regulations and the Bosman ruling have facilitated easier movement of players across borders, allowing European clubs to sign young international players without significant legal or bureaucratic hurdles.
• The exodus of talent can lead to a less competitive domestic league, as teams struggle to maintain a high level of play without their best players.
• While transfer fees provide immediate financial relief, they do not offer a sustainable financial model for long-term growth and success.
• Frequent player sales disrupt team chemistry and continuity, as clubs must constantly integrate new players, hindering long-term strategic planning and development.
• Many European countries have more stable economies, providing a more predictable financial environment for clubs to operate and plan for the future.
• The reliance on internationally recognized players is also a strategic decision, as these players bring diverse experiences and tactical insights from their time in competitive foreign leagues.
• Players who spend significant time abroad may feel less connected to their home country's soccer culture and identity, potentially affecting their motivation and performance when representing the national team.
• Corruption in Argentinian soccer can involve mismanagement of funds, match-fixing, and bribery. This undermines the integrity of the sport and can lead to a lack of trust among fans and stakeholders.
• Many Argentine clubs face challenges with outdated facilities and limited resources for player development compared to their European counterparts, affecting their competitiveness.