It’s believed that the ancient brain maintains our basic biological functions and reflexes. Here’s how three leading thinkers explain it.
Spindle Neurons: Specialized Structures for Processing Emotions
A few years ago, spindle neurons were seen as specialized brain cells that gave humans unique capabilities. Learn what we know now.
Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models: Ray Kurzweil’s Breakthrough
In the 1980s, Ray Kurzweil solved a problem that had stumped AI researchers for years. Learn about hierarchical hidden Markov models (HHMMs).
The History of Neural Networks: Early Attempts & Limitations
The history of neural networks reveals how they evolved from promising curiosities to the powerful AI systems we know today. Take a look.
The Consequences of Social Isolation on Health & Society
Social isolation and loneliness have serious consequences. From physical and mental health problems to society as a whole.
Human Pattern Recognition: 4 Features That Make It So Effective
Ray Kurzweil explains how the human brain creates the full spectrum of cognitive abilities through repeated pattern recognition. Learn more.
Ray Kurzweil on AI: How It Works & Where It’s Going
Ray Kurzweil didn’t just predict the future of AI—he helped build it. Learn about his ideas that shaped an entire generation of AI research.
How Niels Bohr’s Quantum Mechanics Interpretation Prevailed
Niels Bohr’s answer to the measurement problem of quantum mechanics reshaped physics, but it wasn’t the only solution. Learn why it won out.
Continuity of Identity: Is Your Digital Self Still “You”? (Kurzweil)
Your identity could lie in the continuity of information patterns rather than physical substance. Learn how your digital self might be you.
Quantum Wave Function Collapse: 3 Approaches to the Cause
Quantum particles can exist in multiple possible states at once — until measurement seems to force wave function collapse. Learn more.