What Is Operational Security: Safeguarding Secrets

Have you ever wondered how military operations stay secret? What is operational security, and why is it so crucial in modern warfare?

In Derek Johnson's book The Midnight Rider Rides Again, the concept of operational security takes center stage. You'll discover the intricate world of safeguarding critical information in military strategy and how it impacts national security.

Keep reading to uncover the fascinating history and modern applications of operational security in military and civilian contexts.

What is Operational Security?

What is operational security? Often abbreviated as OPSEC, it's a critical component of military strategy that focuses on safeguarding sensitive information from falling into the hands of adversaries. Operational security is a process that involves identifying and managing essential information to minimize the risk of enemies understanding and exploiting military operations.

You might be wondering when OPSEC became such a big deal. Well, it all started back on January 22, 1988, when President Reagan established OPSEC as a crucial element in protecting the United States' security. He did this by enacting National Security Decision Directive 298, a policy that evolved from Operation PURPLE DRAGON - a key strategic approach used by the U.S. military during the Vietnam War.

The Goals of Opsec

The main aim of OPSEC is to reduce the likelihood of adversaries detecting military activities. To achieve this, it's crucial to assess weaknesses by considering the ways in which enemies might gain intelligence that could undermine operational and battlefield plans.

OPSEC isn't just about keeping secrets - it's a comprehensive approach that covers all aspects of military operations. This includes everything from preliminary arrangements and maintenance to the fulfillment of combat-related responsibilities. By implementing strong OPSEC measures, the military enhances its protection against potential tactical advantages that adversaries might gain.

Opsec in Action: Lessons From Vietnam

The Vietnam War played a significant role in the development of OPSEC as we know it today. Despite intensified attacks from the sky, enemies continually managed to evade American strategies, leading to increasing concerns about potential leaks of vital intelligence.

In response to these challenges, a group known as Operation PURPLE DRAGON was formed. They conducted an in-depth review of tactical vulnerabilities and subsequently improved communication and security measures. This resulted in a brief uptick in the effectiveness of U.S. military operations.

The Center of Gravity: A Key Concept in Military Strategy

While OPSEC focuses on protecting information, another crucial concept in military strategy is the Center of Gravity (COG). The COG refers to the source of power that provides a person or entity with the capacity for moral or physical endurance, the freedom to initiate actions, or the steadfastness to continue despite challenges.

In combat operations and strategic planning, the COG is of paramount importance. It symbolizes the core of resilience, whether ethical or tangible, that is vital for the triumph of any operation. This includes both strategic positioning and tactical engagements on the field.

Applying the COG Concept

When formulating strategies, military planners focus on identifying their key advantage (their own COG) and devising methods to protect it. At the same time, they seek to undermine the equivalent fortification of their opponents.

Assessments of both allied and opposing crucial components determine the areas that need to be fortified or diminished. It's important to note that COG characteristics can fluctuate across various periods and stages of execution.

The Tirpitz: A Historical Example of COG

To better understand the concept of COG, let's look at a historical example from World War II. The battleship Tirpitz significantly influenced the naval tactics employed by the Nazis in the Atlantic confrontation. Its presence was so powerful that it threatened essential Atlantic supply routes, putting British naval forces at risk of surrendering the UK.

However, the Tirpitz had a weakness - its colossal size required upkeep at a specialized site located in Normandy, France. Recognizing this, the British focused on disabling the Tirpitz's repair facilities. This operation, frequently lauded as an unparalleled raid, was executed by the Commandos and effectively mitigated the threat posed by the Tirpitz.

Opsec in Modern Times

While OPSEC has its roots in military strategy, its principles have been adapted and applied in various sectors, including government and business. In recent years, we've seen several examples of how OPSEC continues to play a crucial role in national security.

For instance, in 2017, legislation was enacted to obstruct those involved in corruption and human rights abuses by disrupting their unauthorized financial transactions. This demonstrates how OPSEC principles can be applied to financial security.

In 2018, the United States declared a national crisis in response to external meddling in its election procedures. This led to the enactment of Executive Order 13848, which aimed to protect the integrity of the electoral system.

More recently, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, several measures were taken that activated the government's contingency plans. These included the declaration of a national emergency in March 2020 and the activation of 1 million Reserve force members.

The Importance of Continuity Planning

Closely related to OPSEC is the concept of continuity planning. Federal Continuity Directive 1, implemented in January 2017, outlines the methods by which the three branches of the U.S. government systematically address crises. It highlights their strategies for reestablishing functionality and assigning responsibilities during emergencies.

This directive mandates that the United States adhere to a policy that ensures the resilience and safeguarding of governmental structures as per the Constitution. It emphasizes the importance of consistently carrying out essential governmental functions, even in the face of emergencies.

By implementing thorough strategies for maintaining operational continuity, the government aims to ensure the steadfast execution of its duties and preserve governance in accordance with constitutional tenets during any emergencies.

In conclusion, operational security remains a vital component of military strategy and national security. By understanding and implementing OPSEC principles, along with concepts like the Center of Gravity and continuity planning, governments and organizations can better protect their critical information and operations from potential threats.