{"id":98823,"date":"2023-04-09T16:57:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T20:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=98823"},"modified":"2023-04-13T09:12:27","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:12:27","slug":"how-accurate-are-climate-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/","title":{"rendered":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>How accurate are climate models? Can we trust them to give us a good picture of the future?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steven E. Koonin contends that climate scientists\u2019 models don\u2019t reliably predict future climate change. He points to three flaws: The grids they use are too large, they require initial conditions that we can\u2019t measure, and they have to be \u201ctuned\u201d to avoid contradictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to understand each of these flaws better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flaw-1-grid-sizes\">Flaw #1: Grid Sizes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>How accurate are climate models? Koonin&#8217;s first argument against their accuracy is that their<strong> grids are too large to account for smaller climate phenomena<\/strong>. These models, he clarifies, plot the earth\u2019s atmosphere on a grid composed of 100-kilometer by 100-kilometer sections, with every section reporting an array of measurements\u2014temperature, humidity, wind speed, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: It stands to reason that as computers continue to improve, grid resolution will likewise improve. After all, as computers have gotten more powerful, climate models have been able to use increasingly more fine-grained grids. For instance, global climate models in the 1990s had <a href=\"https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/learning-zone\/how-climate-works\/climate-modeling#:~:text=It%20has%20grid%20cells%20of,)%20across%20at%20mid-latitudes.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">grid cells of about 200 kilometers by 300 kilometers<\/a>. By contrast, current regional climate models can have <a href=\"https:\/\/cig.uw.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/12\/wacciach2rcm643.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">grid cells as small as one kilometer<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As such, Koonin claims these grids can\u2019t account for weather-related phenomena that occur on scales smaller than 100 kilometers, such as storms and cloud coverage. Consequently, these models must accept some degree of inaccuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flaw-2-the-problem-of-initialization\">Flaw #2: The Problem of Initialization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, Koonin argues that <strong>these models require data about initial weather conditions that we often don\u2019t have access to<\/strong>. In particular, he argues that we lack the observational apparatus needed to supply such in-depth information for the entire globe. In turn, models depend on assumptions for many grid segments that aren\u2019t empirically verified, making them less credible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Rather than merely criticizing the lack of the apparatus needed to supply initial conditions, other experts go a step further, claiming that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bsc.es\/research-development\/research-areas\/climate-prediction\/climate-model-initialization-and-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it\u2019s practically <em>impossible <\/em>to observe all the relevant initial conditions on a global scale<\/a>. For instance, factors like the thickness of sea ice, the moisture of soil, and the ocean\u2019s heat content all impact the climate system, yet cannot realistically be measured globally. As such, the problem of initialization is unlikely to be resolved in the near future.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-flaw-3-the-tuning-process\">Flaw #3: The Tuning Process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, Koonin notes that <strong>climate scientists \u201ctune\u201d their models to account for incorrect results, which makes them suspect<\/strong>. Because climate models are inaccurate initially, due to the complexity of the climate system and the array of subgrid assumptions that must be made, climate scientists tune them to avoid inconsistent and inaccurate predictions. According to Koonin, however, this process makes climate models far less credible, as their creators change crucial parameters by fiat to make the models appear more accurate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Although climate scientists sometimes avoid discussions of tuning, fearing that such discussions would only fuel climate skepticism, others <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.354.6311.401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">are now trying to be more transparent about the tuning process<\/a>. This transparency, they argue, helps climate scientists see the strengths of different tuning processes and find out which outputs only arise after tuning.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How accurate are climate models? Can we trust them to give us a good picture of the future? Steven E. Koonin contends that climate scientists\u2019 models don\u2019t reliably predict future climate change. He points to three flaws: The grids they use are too large, they require initial conditions that we can\u2019t measure, and they have to be \u201ctuned\u201d to avoid contradictions. Read more to understand each of these flaws better.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":79753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[976],"class_list":["post-98823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-unsettled","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\"},\"headline\":\"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\"},\"wordCount\":531,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Unsettled\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\",\"name\":\"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":630},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\",\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\"},\"description\":\"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.\",\"sameAs\":[\"rina@shortform.com\"],\"award\":[\"Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)\",\"Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)\",\"Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)\",\"Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"History\",\"Theology\",\"Government\"],\"jobTitle\":\"Senior SEO Writer\",\"worksFor\":\"Shortform\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark - Shortform Books","description":"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark","og_description":"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elizabeth Whitworth","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elizabeth Whitworth","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/"},"author":{"name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13"},"headline":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark","datePublished":"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/"},"wordCount":531,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","keywords":["Unsettled"],"articleSection":["Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/","name":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","datePublished":"2023-04-09T20:57:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-04-13T13:12:27+00:00","description":"How accurate are climate models? Steven E. Koonin contends that they have three flaws that make them unreliable. Discover how they fail.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","width":1200,"height":630},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-accurate-are-climate-models\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How Accurate Are Climate Models? 3 Ways They Miss the Mark"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13","name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Elizabeth Whitworth"},"description":"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.","sameAs":["rina@shortform.com"],"award":["Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)","Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)","Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)","Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)"],"knowsAbout":["History","Theology","Government"],"jobTitle":"Senior SEO Writer","worksFor":"Shortform","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/progress-success-graph-chart-upward-forward.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98823"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99059,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98823\/revisions\/99059"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}