{"id":97066,"date":"2023-03-23T17:48:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-23T21:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=97066"},"modified":"2023-03-29T10:29:42","modified_gmt":"2023-03-29T14:29:42","slug":"western-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/western-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Does Western Science Create an Illusion?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/scientific-reductionism\/\">scientific reductionism<\/a>? Does it mess with our true sense of self?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/philosopher-alan-watts\/\">Philosopher Alan Watts<\/a> defines the ego illusion as the false sense of being an individual who exists as an entity separate from other people and the environment. He points the finger at Western science as one of the ways we perpetuate the ego illusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read more to learn the argument that Watts makes in <em>The Book<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-western-science-is-reductive\">Western Science Is Reductive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Watts asserts that Westerners create the ego illusion by putting boundaries on things that don\u2019t really have them and by narrowing their field of view. For example, people create a false boundary when they refer to a river as one discrete object, even though it\u2019s constantly changing in composition, shape, and size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watts uses Western science as an example of how Westerners narrow their scope of attention and create the illusion of separateness. Because <strong>science focuses on reducing things to their parts and analyzing how those parts work<\/strong>, Westerners imagine the phenomenon of cause and effect. Watts writes that the concept of cause and effect is another example of the ego illusion since the Cosmic Being is one unified process with no cause and effect (similar to the way a circle has no beginning or end).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watts illustrates this idea with the example of looking through a narrow gap in a fence and watching a cat walk by. If you saw the head first, followed shortly after by the tail, you might assume that the head <em>caused<\/em> the tail when they\u2019re actually parts of one whole. (Shortform note: Although Watts presents this example like a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/philosophical-thought-experiments\/\">thought experiment<\/a>, it doesn\u2019t quite make logical sense unless it\u2019s interpreted metaphorically. Since people are generally familiar with animal anatomy, they\u2019re unlikely to make this logical jump of cause and effect in this scenario. However, the example metaphorically illustrates how people <em>could<\/em> jump to a false conclusion if they couldn\u2019t perceive the larger context.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watts explains that, just like the head and tail of a cat are interlinked, <strong>all events and organisms exist mutually, with no singular cause or effect<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some physicists believe in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/science\/2018-09-02\/block-universe-theory-time-past-present-future-travel\/10178386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Block Universe Theory of time<\/a>, which also argues that all events exist mutually. The theory claims that everything that has ever happened and will happen is contained in a \u201cuniverse block,\u201d and our perception of time depends on where we are in the block relative to other points. Therefore, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/a-debate-over-the-physics-of-time-20160719\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">forward passage of time is only an illusion<\/a>. However, the Block Universe Theory includes a beginning and endpoint of the universe, whereas Watts argues that there\u2019s no beginning or end of time.)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the tendency in science to focus on individual components, we can only understand things in context. For example, if scientists are studying how the human heart works, they\u2019re not just studying the heart in isolation\u2014they\u2019re observing what it does inside the human body when connected to other organs under very specific conditions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Although Watts criticizes Western science as being reductive in nature, he doesn\u2019t account for the scientific field of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.org\/about\/what-does-ecology-have-to-do-with-me\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ecology<\/a>, which is defined as the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment (humans, plants, and animals included). Ecology focuses on the connections between things and entire systems rather than individual parts.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watts emphasizes that things can only be separated in linguistic terms, and Westerners confuse the name for the true identity of something. For example, if you call one thing \u201cback\u201d and another the \u201cfront,\u201d they have different names, but they\u2019re just two different sides of the same thing. In this way, language is constantly reinforcing a concept of separateness that doesn\u2019t exist.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Although Watts suggests that Westerners confuse distinct names for distinct identities, Christianity includes a deity with multiple names but a unified underlying identity. In Christianity, the <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/trinity\/#:~:text=A%20Trinity%20doctrine%20is%20commonly,Person)%20has%20been%20variously%20understood.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Holy Trinity<\/a> consists of one God in three divine forms: God, his son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. Based on this counterexample, Westerners don\u2019t necessarily conflate names with identity.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What&#8217;s scientific reductionism? Does it mess with our true sense of self? Philosopher Alan Watts defines the ego illusion as the false sense of being an individual who exists as an entity separate from other people and the environment. He points the finger at Western science as one of the ways we perpetuate the ego illusion. Read more to learn the argument that Watts makes in The Book.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":25323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,160,6],"tags":[952],"class_list":["post-97066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-science","category-spiritual","tag-the-book","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Does Western Science Create an Illusion? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The reductive nature of Western science creates a false sense of separateness. 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