{"id":95068,"date":"2023-03-12T14:49:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T18:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=95068"},"modified":"2026-01-22T21:52:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T01:52:56","slug":"common-types-of-biases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Do you tend to give a preference to the information you hear first? Do you give more weight to the ideas of people you like?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-gather-information-2\/\">Gathering information<\/a> is the first step in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/steps-for-critical-thinking\/\">critical thinking process<\/a>. However, you should exercise caution. Some information has baggage\u2014biases that distort reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about four common types of biases that can get in the way of the truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-common-types-of-biases\">4 Common Types of Biases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors of <em>Critical Thinking, Logic &amp; Problem Solving<\/em> recommend that you assess your source for any potential biases. Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. These generalizations can help you make decisions more quickly, but they can also negatively impact your critical thinking. Biases are often impossible to avoid, but being aware of the biases in your sources can help you avoid them in your own thinking.&nbsp;The authors identify common types of biases you should be aware of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Biased<\/em><\/a>, Jennifer Eberhardt explains that biases can be particularly difficult to notice because some of them <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\/chapters-1-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">are ingrained in us from an early age<\/a> and stay with us unconsciously. These biases affect what information we notice and prioritize and what information we automatically ignore. In assessing bias, don\u2019t just look at the information being presented, but pay attention to what\u2019s left unsaid as well, and look for sources that omit important information or perspectives. Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.uwgb.edu\/bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sources may be biased<\/a> if they stand to benefit in some way from convincing you of their claim, if they use a lot of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/subjective-words\/\">subjective language<\/a> or hyperbole, or if they don\u2019t clearly cite their sources.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors list several common types of biases, including the following four.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bias #1: Anchoring Bias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-anchoring-effect-2\/\">Anchoring bias<\/a> means being more likely to believe information that you hear first over the information you gather later. <\/strong>For example, say you\u2019re a parent and your children are fighting with each other. You tell them to stop and then ask each of them, in turn, to explain why they were fighting. Anchoring bias would make you more likely to believe the first child\u2019s explanation and more likely to doubt the second.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Anchoring bias may result in part from <a href=\"https:\/\/thedecisionlab.com\/biases\/anchoring-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the phenomenon of psychological priming<\/a>. When we are exposed to an idea, that idea activates, or primes, parts of our brain, and those parts of the brain stay active as we process further information. This can affect our thinking by anchoring us to the first idea we heard and to the mental connections we drew from it. To avoid anchoring bias, think of counterarguments or alternative options and look for reasons why they might be better than the anchored information.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bias #2: Confirmation Bias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/confirmation-bias-definition-2\/\">Confirmation bias<\/a> is the tendency to give more credence to information that confirms what you already believe and dismiss information that isn\u2019t in line with your beliefs.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-art-of-thinking-clearly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Art of Thinking Clearly<\/em><\/a>, Rolf Dobelli explains that <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-art-of-thinking-clearly\/chapter-11#confirmation-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">some people use confirmation bias to take advantage of others<\/a>, like how fortune tellers use vague statements that people can interpret to be true in various ways. Such vague statements confirm ideas the listener already had and thus make them more likely to believe the fortune teller. To avoid confirmation bias, Dobelli suggests you note the different beliefs you hold and find information that refutes them so you can assess their accuracy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bias #3: Halo Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/halo-effect-meaning\/\">halo effect<\/a> is when you have a positive view of someone or something, and this leads you to view their opinions or claims more positively.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scienceabc.com\/social-science\/what-is-the-halo-and-horn-effect.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The opposite of the halo effect<\/a> is the horn effect, where you make negative judgments about a person based on a negative trait they exhibit. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/halo-effect-bias\/\">The halo effect<\/a> is sometimes&nbsp;also reversed, and you may find yourself making negative judgments about a person based on a positive trait they exhibit\u2014like assuming that attractive people are unintelligent.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bias #4: The Dunning-Kruger Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-dunning-kruger-effect\/\">Dunning-Kruger<\/a> effect is when you put too much faith in your own abilities.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jackkelly\/2022\/07\/12\/what-the-peter-principle-dunning-kruger-effect-and-imposter-syndrome-look-like-in-the-workplace\/?sh=7a0a753a14ff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect is impostor syndrome<\/a>, which is when a capable person underestimates their own abilities. To avoid both of these biases, objectively <a href=\"https:\/\/thedecisionlab.com\/biases\/dunning-kruger-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">compare yourself and your work to others<\/a> to see how your respective abilities, accomplishments, and levels of confidence match up. Additionally, be open to feedback from others and use it to improve your performance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hub\/science\/psychology\/overcoming-imposter-syndrome\/\">Get more advice for combatting impostor syndrome<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you tend to give a preference to the information you hear first? Do you give more weight to the ideas of people you like? Gathering information is the first step in the critical thinking process. However, you should exercise caution. Some information has baggage\u2014biases that distort reality. Keep reading to learn about four common types of biases that can get in the way of the truth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":54391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,9],"tags":[934],"class_list":["post-95068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-psychology","tag-critical-thinking-logic-problem-solving","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\"},\"headline\":\"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\"},\"wordCount\":759,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Critical Thinking Logic &amp; Problem Solving\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lifestyle\",\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\",\"name\":\"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00\",\"description\":\"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg\",\"width\":2400,\"height\":1600,\"caption\":\"The 25 Cognitive Biases: The Lollapalooza Effect\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\",\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\"},\"description\":\"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.\",\"sameAs\":[\"rina@shortform.com\"],\"award\":[\"Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)\",\"Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)\",\"Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)\",\"Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"History\",\"Theology\",\"Government\"],\"jobTitle\":\"Senior SEO Writer\",\"worksFor\":\"Shortform\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make - Shortform Books","description":"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make","og_description":"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2400,"height":1600,"url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elizabeth Whitworth","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elizabeth Whitworth","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/"},"author":{"name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13"},"headline":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make","datePublished":"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/"},"wordCount":759,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","keywords":["Critical Thinking Logic &amp; Problem Solving"],"articleSection":["Lifestyle","Psychology"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/","name":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","datePublished":"2023-03-12T18:49:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T01:52:56+00:00","description":"Biases are errors in thought processing that result from generalizations the brain makes. Learn how to identify four common types of biases.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","width":2400,"height":1600,"caption":"The 25 Cognitive Biases: The Lollapalooza Effect"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/common-types-of-biases\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Common Types of Biases: 4 Mistakes Your Brain Can Make"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13","name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Elizabeth Whitworth"},"description":"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.","sameAs":["rina@shortform.com"],"award":["Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)","Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)","Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)","Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)"],"knowsAbout":["History","Theology","Government"],"jobTitle":"Senior SEO Writer","worksFor":"Shortform","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/bias-2.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95068"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147902,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95068\/revisions\/147902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}