{"id":93973,"date":"2023-02-28T13:01:06","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T17:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=93973"},"modified":"2023-02-28T13:01:07","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T17:01:07","slug":"why-is-population-decline-a-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Is Population Decline a Problem Across the Globe?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why is population decline a problem in the U.S., China, Europe, and other global powers? What&#8217;s causing birth rates to fall?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the first time in 50 years, deaths in China outnumbered births. Experts argue that population decline is a problem in the U.S., Europe, and other wealthy nations, placing them on the same crash course as China if they don\u2019t figure out a way to turn things around quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read on to learn why population decline is a problem worldwide and if our population panic is warranted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-are-populations-decreasing\">Why Are Populations Decreasing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In January, the world\u2019s second-largest economy reported that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deaths outnumbered births<\/a> for the first time in 50 years. In 2022, more than 10 million people in China died and 9.56 million babies were born\u2014down from 10.6 million births a year earlier. Experts say <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/china-shrinking-population-worker-labor-shortage-grim-omen-global-economy-2023-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the problem is by no means China\u2019s, alone<\/a>: If the U.S., Europe, and other global powers don\u2019t right their declining fertility rates soon, they too are headed for a world of economic pain.\u00a0But, why is population decline a problem across the globe and are there any upsides to shrinking populations?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we&#8217;ll discuss why population decline is a problem by explaining the economic consequences in China and other wealthy nations. Then, we&#8217;ll discuss what\u2019s behind the drop in global fertility rates and if there are there any upsides. Finally, we&#8217;ll explore what the future holds as we face staggering population declines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-perils-of-population-decline\">The Perils of Population Decline\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is population decline a problem? First, wealthy nations like China and the U.S. rely on a robust population to power their workforces and maintain their global economic power. Until recently, China\u2019s working-age population had boomed for decades and brought the country\u2019s economy along with it: Today, China <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/china-shrinking-population-worker-labor-shortage-grim-omen-global-economy-2023-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">produces 70% of the world\u2019s solar panels<\/a>, 60% of its farm machines, and components for 25% of the planet\u2019s robots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But with record low and fewer births each year, by 2035, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one-third of China\u2019s 1.41 billion population (400 million people) will be over 60<\/a> and entering their waning workforce years. Experts say population decline is a problem because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>At some point, China <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>won\u2019t have enough working-age adults<\/strong><\/a><strong> to fuel the country\u2019s growth<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>A top-heavy aging population means <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>labor shortages<\/strong><\/a> that will reduce tax revenue and pension system contributions\u2014and it\u2019s unclear whether the Chinese government will be able to provide adequate medical services and income to care for its older citizens.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The country\u2019s <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>inability to turn its birth rate around<\/strong><\/a><strong> quickly <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/china-shrinking-population-worker-labor-shortage-grim-omen-global-economy-2023-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>puts its manufacturing and supply chain dominance at risk<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>All of this, experts say, is a wake-up call for the U.S. and Europe: Increase your shrinking fertility rates or face an equally dire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/economic-forecasting-methods\/\">economic forecast<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-are-fertility-rates-declining-in-wealthy-countries\">Why Are Fertility Rates Declining in Wealthy Countries?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/06\/global-decline-of-fertility-rates-visualised\/#:~:text=For%20the%20last%2070%20years,increased%20cost%20of%20raising%20children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fertility rates have fallen 50% globally in the past 70 years<\/a>. Experts attribute the problem of population decline in wealthy nations to a range of factors, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/06\/global-decline-of-fertility-rates-visualised\/#:~:text=For%20the%20last%2070%20years,increased%20cost%20of%20raising%20children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">women&#8217;s empowerment in education and the workforce<\/a>, lower child mortality, rising <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/child-care-crisis\/\">childcare costs<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rising incomes<\/a>\u2014which offer childless individuals greater financial freedom.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In China<\/strong>, specifically, experts say the dropoff results, in part, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/16\/business\/china-birth-rate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">officials\u2019 failure to loosen policies restricting births and incentivize childbearing<\/a> in pace with the country\u2019s growing economy.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In the U.S.<\/strong>, they attribute declining fertility rates to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/u-s-birth-rate-decline-national-center-for-health-statistics-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">women having fewer children and delaying having them until they\u2019re in their mid-thirties<\/a> so they can pursue higher education and work opportunities, and as a result of shifting familial values and relationship instability, and for financial reasons.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-upsides-of-population-decline\">The Upsides of Population Decline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Not all experts agree that population decline is, in fact, a problem. They call the stark warnings about China\u2019s declining birth rate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/30\/opinion\/china-world-population-decline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hasty, simplistic, and alarmist<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Far from being a problem, experts say there are clear benefits of population decline in nations including China, South Korea, and Japan. For example, women are experiencing greater personal and reproductive freedom and participating in the workforce at levels that may ease predicted labor shortages, and life expectancies are increasing, which means citizens can contribute to economies longer.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u2019s Next?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Experts say that if China\u2019s birth rates remain at their historic low and the country fails to attract more migrants to fill the pending labor force gap, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/china-shrinking-population-worker-labor-shortage-grim-omen-global-economy-2023-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it will lose nearly half its population (700 million people) by the end of the century<\/a>\u2014and its dominant, global economic status along with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although U.S. fertility rates are also on the decline, experts say that projected population growth from immigration could save the country from the same fate: By the second half of this century, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/hispanic\/2015\/09\/28\/modern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">103 million people in the U.S. (one-third of the population) will be migrants<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But other experts argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/30\/opinion\/china-world-population-decline.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">frantically emphasizing population growth in blind pursuit of economic dominance<\/a> risks relegating women to the role of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/27\/opinion\/south-korea-fertility-rate-feminism.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">birth machines<\/a>. Instead, wealthy nations should refocus on increasing access to quality and affordable child care, affordable and equitable college education, a guaranteed minimum income, and gender equality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why is population decline a problem in the U.S., China, Europe, and other global powers? What&#8217;s causing birth rates to fall? For the first time in 50 years, deaths in China outnumbered births. Experts argue that population decline is a problem in the U.S., Europe, and other wealthy nations, placing them on the same crash course as China if they don\u2019t figure out a way to turn things around quickly. Read on to learn why population decline is a problem worldwide and if our population panic is warranted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":71157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,7,24],"tags":[727],"class_list":["post-93973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-lifestyle","category-society","tag-articles","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why Is Population Decline a Problem Across the Globe? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why is population decline a problem? 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Learn the effects of falling birth rates in wealthy nations and if our population panic is premature.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-28T17:01:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-28T17:01:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/crowd-people-pedestrians-walking-busy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emily Kitazawa\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb\"},\"headline\":\"Why Is Population Decline a Problem Across the Globe?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-28T17:01:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-28T17:01:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/\"},\"wordCount\":843,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/crowd-people-pedestrians-walking-busy.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Articles\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economics\",\"Lifestyle\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/\",\"name\":\"Why Is Population Decline a Problem Across the Globe? - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-is-population-decline-a-problem\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/crowd-people-pedestrians-walking-busy.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-28T17:01:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-28T17:01:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Why is population decline a problem? 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