{"id":93808,"date":"2023-02-22T23:46:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T03:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=93808"},"modified":"2026-04-28T12:58:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T16:58:35","slug":"jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/","title":{"rendered":"Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What’s the 90-second rule? How can you use it to manage your emotions<\/a> effectively?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she received a gift. In the process of regaining her cognitive function and reconstructing her emotional reactions, she learned how to wrangle her emotions by leveraging the 90-second rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read more to learn about Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-second rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The 90-Second Rule<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The background of Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-second rule is in the inspiring story of her recovery. Though recovering from her stroke was a long, arduous, and often painful process, Taylor says she decided to view her stroke and recovery as a gift. Her experience taught her valuable lessons about the inner workings of the mind that she wanted to share with others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taylor explains that strong emotions arise in the \u201canimal brain<\/a>\u201d of your limbic system<\/a>, which responds to stimuli faster than your right or left brain can process information and floods your brain with chemicals to put you in \u201cfreeze, fight, or flight\u201d mode. However, those chemicals are flushed out of your system in approximately 90 seconds, and any emotions you continue to feel are entirely in the realm of your higher brain functions<\/a>. By this point, you\u2019ve often unconsciously chosen to let your initial reaction continue, feeling <\/em>it with your right brain and justifying <\/em>it with your left. While Taylor was rebuilding her reactions from scratch, she realized that, if you\u2019re aware of this process, you can choose to short-circuit it and elect a more balanced response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: The limbic system serves many more functions than Taylor describes, such as triggering the brain\u2019s reward system, storing and retrieving memories, and managing the body\u2019s autonomic functions<\/a>. Taylor doesn\u2019t cite any scientific studies to back her claim that the limbic system\u2019s chemicals fade after 90 seconds, nor does she identify which chemicals she means. Adrenaline, for example, can stay in the body for up to an hour<\/a>. Nevertheless, Taylor\u2019s \u201c90-second rule\u201d has become a touchstone for therapists, who tout it as a powerful technique to promote self-control<\/a>, deal with stress<\/a>, and build emotional resilience<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It helps to become mindful of how emotions manifest themselves in your body. By becoming aware that certain emotions were physically upsetting, Taylor learned that she could avoid those emotions. Doing so led to the realization that how she felt from moment to moment was entirely her own decision.<\/strong> This is where the left brain comes into play, with its constant stream of internal dialogue<\/a>. Taylor\u2019s inner voice<\/a> slowly returned as she exercised her language skills, and she learned that she could talk to herself about the way she felt. Instead of letting your own inner voice spin stories that reinforce resentment and anger, Taylor suggests that you can use your self-talk to draw a line between which emotions are helpful and which are destructive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emotional Self-Regulation<\/strong>

In How Emotions Are Made<\/em><\/a>, Lisa Feldman Barrett goes a step further than Taylor and suggests that \u201cfeelings\u201d and \u201cemotions\u201d are two separate things<\/a>. Feelings<\/em>, she says, are your body\u2019s internal signals, such as pleasure or discomfort. Emotions<\/em>, on the other hand, are mental constructs created by your brain to give your feelings meaning<\/a>. Like Taylor, Barrett argues that you can consciously manage your emotional responses<\/a>, both for your sake and the well-being of others around you.

Though 21st-century neuroscience has confirmed the brain\u2019s ability to rewire its emotional responses, the idea has been around since at least the fifth century BCE. In Happy<\/em><\/a>, Derren Brown extols the ancient Greek philosophies of the Epicureans and the Stoics, both of whom cited taking responsibility for your emotions<\/a> as a cornerstone to happiness and life. In The Art of Happiness<\/em><\/a>, the Dalai Lama explains a comparable Buddhist process of cultivating happiness<\/a> through consciously examining and retraining your thoughts and emotions<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s not to say that you should never feel emotions like anger, sadness, or regret, but only that you should do so consciously so that those emotions don\u2019t control your life. Taylor says it\u2019s particularly useful to give yourself a 90-second break whenever you feel a strong emotional reaction. That allows you time for the limbic system\u2019s chemicals to wash out of your system, after which you can consciously decide on the appropriate emotional response. If it\u2019s necessary to indulge a painful emotion so that it doesn\u2019t go unresolved, Taylor proposes setting aside a specific block of time to feel it, and then telling yourself it\u2019s okay to let it go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In Emotional Intelligence<\/em><\/a>, Daniel Goleman gives other practical tips on dealing with feelings such as anger, fear, and grief<\/a>, but he highlights the importance of being aware of your emotions first<\/a>. He presents managing <\/em>your emotions as a preferable alternative to fighting <\/em>them, which consumes even more energy. He lists the pros and cons of repressing unwanted emotions<\/a>\u2014some people do it through healthy self-management, while others are simply out of touch with themselves. He does suggest that repressing emotions has been linked to heightened neural activity in the left hemisphere of the brain<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What’s the 90-second rule? How can you use it to manage your emotions effectively? As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she received a gift. In the process of regaining her cognitive function and reconstructing her emotional reactions, she learned how to wrangle her emotions by leveraging the 90-second rule. Read more to learn about Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-second rule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":86304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,43],"tags":[918],"class_list":["post-93808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-self-improvement","tag-my-stroke-of-insight","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nJill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elizabeth Whitworth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\"},\"headline\":\"Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\"},\"wordCount\":869,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"My Stroke of Insight\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Self-Improvement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\",\"name\":\"Jill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":630},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World's Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13\",\"name\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Elizabeth Whitworth\"},\"description\":\"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.\",\"sameAs\":[\"rina@shortform.com\"],\"award\":[\"Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)\",\"Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)\",\"Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)\",\"Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"History\",\"Theology\",\"Government\"],\"jobTitle\":\"Senior SEO Writer\",\"worksFor\":\"Shortform\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Jill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management - Shortform Books","description":"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Jill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management","og_description":"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elizabeth Whitworth","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elizabeth Whitworth","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/"},"author":{"name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13"},"headline":"Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management","datePublished":"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/"},"wordCount":869,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","keywords":["My Stroke of Insight"],"articleSection":["Psychology","Self-Improvement"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/","name":"Jill Bolte Taylor's 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-23T03:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-28T16:58:35+00:00","description":"As neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor recovered from a stroke, she discovered how to wrangle her emotions with the 90-second rule. Learn more.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","width":1200,"height":630},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jill-bolte-taylors-90-second-rule\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Jill Bolte Taylor’s 90-Second Rule for Emotion Management"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World's Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d2928cf6c11a69ced1491d6a5b74fb13","name":"Elizabeth Whitworth","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1fff9d65a52ac4340660218e7b63ee5e365cf08e7aa7adff79a0142cd4b96f84?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Elizabeth Whitworth"},"description":"Elizabeth has a lifelong love of books. She devours nonfiction, especially in the areas of history, theology, and philosophy. A switch to audiobooks has kindled her enjoyment of well-narrated fiction, particularly Victorian and early 20th-century works. She appreciates idea-driven books\u2014and a classic murder mystery now and then. Elizabeth has a Substack and is writing a book about what the Bible says about death and hell.","sameAs":["rina@shortform.com"],"award":["Contributions to joint task force efforts (FBI)","Contributions to Special Operations Division (DOJ & DEA)","Efforts to fight the war on drugs (NSA)","Contributions to Operation Storm Front (US Customs Service)"],"knowsAbout":["History","Theology","Government"],"jobTitle":"Senior SEO Writer","worksFor":"Shortform","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/elizabeth\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/man-looking-at-watch-time-waiting-late.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93808"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":148863,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93808\/revisions\/148863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}