{"id":93693,"date":"2023-02-22T16:29:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T20:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=93693"},"modified":"2023-02-27T14:41:53","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T18:41:53","slug":"russian-aggression-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/russian-aggression-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Aggression in Europe: Pining for the U.S.S.R.’s Glory Days"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What motivates Vladimir Putin? What’s he after? What’s his strategy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Battlegrounds<\/em>, General H. R. McMaster explains Vladimir Putin\u2019s emotional motivations. He also describes the methods by which Russia is reasserting itself as a world power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read more for this enlightening and timely discussion of Russian aggression in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Russian Aggression in Europe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After the Cold War, the U.S. expected that the new Russia would become one of its allies in the democratic world. However, under Russian President Vladimir Putin, Russia\u2019s leadership fights to return to the glory days of the Soviet Union, with its new authoritarian regime fueled by wealthy oligarchs instead of Communists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Russian aggression in Europe is a show of strength from Putin. Behind it lies a deep, lingering sense of humiliation from the collapse of the former Soviet Union. In the aftermath, Russia\u2019s attempt to develop a free market economy didn\u2019t go as planned and instead resulted in a kleptocracy where corrupt politicians and businessmen lined their pockets at the country\u2019s expense. Putin and many of his cohort view the Soviet Union\u2019s fall as a disaster, aid from the U.S. as an insult, and the changes that were made to bring Russia\u2019s economy in line with other capitalist nations as the reasons for the economy\u2019s collapse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Russia\u2019s path to democracy and capitalism<\/a> was undermined from the start by the last vestiges of the Soviet regime. In the Cold War, the KGB had learned to funnel money through back-alley channels to its agents in the West, and when the USSR came apart, they used those same tactics to empty vast sums from the Soviet treasury into private bank accounts abroad<\/a>. These funds fueled a growing class of wealthy Russian oligarchs<\/a>\u2014businessmen with strong political ties\u2014and have led many to characterize modern Russia as a kleptocracy<\/em><\/a> in which political decisions<\/a> primarily serve to enrich the powerful at the expense of the state<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Driven by these factors, Putin\u2019s goal is nothing less than to return Russia to the height of Soviet power. However, Russia can\u2019t compete economically with either the U.S. or China. So, instead of building Russia up, Putin\u2019s strategy is to tear other countries down. For example, Russia has become adept in the field of cyber warfare, which it\u2019s used to interfere with elections in the U.S., Britain, and other democratic countries. McMaster says the goal of these attacks isn\u2019t to favor one particular outcome but to undermine trust in the democratic process itself through an onslaught of misinformation. However, Russia\u2019s aggression and bluster toward the West is a mask to hide significant economic weaknesses at home. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Russia isn\u2019t the sole source of online disinformation campaigns. Many countries make use of state-sponsored \u201ctroll farms\u201d<\/a> to inundate social media with divisive and inflammatory content. In the lead-up to the 2020 U.S. presidential election, the National Counterintelligence and Security Center claimed that Russia, China, and Iran were all using online tactics to undermine the election<\/a>. In 2022, Russian oligarch Yevgeny Prigozhin openly admitted to interfering with U.S. elections<\/a> and stated that he would continue to do so.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The War Against Ukraine<\/strong>

In the updated 2021 edition of Battlegrounds<\/em>, McMaster mentions Russia\u2019s armed buildup near Ukraine, which he describes as a show of force aimed at intimidating the West. However, in February 2022, that buildup turned into a full-scale military invasion<\/a>, resulting in the largest armed confrontation in Europe since the end of World War II<\/a>. Putin claims the invasion was necessary to protect Ukraine\u2019s ethnic-Russian minority<\/a>, as well as to prevent the possibility of Ukraine joining NATO<\/a> (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization<\/a>).

After Russian forces failed to achieve a fast, overwhelming victory<\/a> akin to the U.S.\u2019s invasion of Iraq, Putin was faced with a protracted conflict that has cost in excess of $80 billion<\/a>, done $600 billion in damage to Ukraine\u2019s economy<\/a>, and caused the deaths of over 200,000 soldiers<\/a> on both sides, as well as over 7,000 civilians<\/a>. As of early 2023, the outcome of the war is still very much in doubt<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What motivates Vladimir Putin? What’s he after? What’s his strategy? In Battlegrounds, General H. R. McMaster explains Vladimir Putin\u2019s emotional motivations. He also describes the methods by which Russia is reasserting itself as a world power. Read more for this enlightening and timely discussion of Russian aggression in Europe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":12532,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,275],"tags":[916],"class_list":["post-93693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-politics","tag-battlegrounds","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nRussian Aggression in Europe: Pining for the U.S.S.R.'s Glory Days - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H. R. 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