{"id":93641,"date":"2023-02-26T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T19:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=93641"},"modified":"2023-02-27T14:42:02","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T18:42:02","slug":"general-mcmaster-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/general-mcmaster-afghanistan\/","title":{"rendered":"General McMaster: Afghanistan Was a Tragic Missed Opportunity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When it comes to Afghanistan, where did U.S. policy go wrong? How did it become such a failure?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to General McMaster, Afghanistan was an opportunity for the U.S. to make peace in the region. Instead, the U.S. allowed it to return to a place of conflict that once again poses a serious threat to the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue reading to learn McMaster&#8217;s take on Afghanistan and the lessons to be learned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-general-mcmaster-on-afghanistan\">General McMaster on Afghanistan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike Russia and China, which are pushing for dominance on the world stage, the people of war-torn Afghanistan face a daily <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/struggle-to-survive\/\">struggle for survival<\/a>. Nevertheless, Afghanistan poses a threat to world peace as a refuge and training ground for multinational terrorist organizations. According to General McMaster, Afghanistan is a tragic missed opportunity where the U.S. had a chance to foster peace and failed due to inconsistent policies and its flawed understanding of the history and character of the Afghan people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Afghan nation has been traumatized by decades of war and internal strife. The struggle to end the Soviet occupation attracted legions of radicalized Islamist fighters to the cause from throughout the Middle East and southern Asia. However, after the Soviets withdrew, scores of criminal warlords took their place. The Taliban, a violent terrorist group, consolidated power by promising peace\u2014which it established through brutal subjugation. The Taliban and other groups, such as Al-Qaeda, developed a closely linked, mutually supporting terrorist ecosystem through their shared, radical Islamist ideology and their ability to recruit young people to their cause of uniting the Muslim world under a fundamentalist theocracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/1979-soviet-invasion-afghanistan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979<\/a> when it feared that Afghanistan\u2019s political instability would undermine its fledgling Communist ruling party. The Soviets\u2019 10-year occupation prompted the formation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/mujahideen-Afghani-rebels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mujahideen resistance groups<\/a> which garnered support from many foreign nations, including the United States. When the Taliban came to power in 1994, <a href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/who-are-taliban?language_content_entity=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it was composed of mujahideen rebels<\/a> who believed that the leaders of the anti-Soviet resistance had betrayed their extremist interpretation of Islam. Critics of American foreign policy sometimes blame the U.S. for the Taliban\u2019s creation, but those in alignment with McMaster\u2019s views argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/who-responsible-taliban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the U.S. couldn\u2019t have imposed its values any more than the Soviets could<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McMaster says that the U.S.\u2019s mistake following its campaign to oust the Taliban in 2001 was not following through on the political front to help establish new, stable leadership. Instead, its support for the fledgling Afghan government was inconsistent due to assumptions that military triumph was enough and that Western-style democracy would naturally emerge as long as the terrorists were beaten. This belied the fact that the Afghan people aren\u2019t one group but many, and building a stable multiethnic coalition requires a long-term commitment. Many people in Afghanistan worked hard for such a thing, but the U.S.\u2019s limited and uncertain presence gave the Taliban and its partner organizations the time and space they needed to regroup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/why-nations-fail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Why Nations Fail<\/em><\/a>, Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson state that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/why-nations-fail#open-political-institutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">open political institutions that represent all groups within a population<\/a> are a prerequisite for national stability. Governments dominated by one ethnic or sectarian group become unsustainable when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/why-nations-fail#part-3-why-nations-fail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">they empower a select minority over the larger population<\/a>. Acemoglu and Robinson argue that struggling nations can turn around and become open societies if their internal factions make use of compromise instead of violence and if those compromises are fairly enforced. McMaster suggests that it\u2019s precisely in this area\u2014preventing violence and enforcing compromise\u2014that the U.S. had an opportunity to foster democracy and growth in Afghanistan.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to Afghanistan, where did U.S. policy go wrong? How did it become such a failure? According to General McMaster, Afghanistan was an opportunity for the U.S. to make peace in the region. Instead, the U.S. allowed it to return to a place of conflict that once again poses a serious threat to the world. Continue reading to learn McMaster&#8217;s take on Afghanistan and the lessons to be learned.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":93649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,275],"tags":[916],"class_list":["post-93641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-politics","tag-battlegrounds","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>General McMaster: Afghanistan Was a Tragic Missed Opportunity - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to General McMaster, Afghanistan was a missed opportunity where the U.S. could&#039;ve fostered peace but failed tragically. 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