{"id":91207,"date":"2023-02-04T06:52:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-04T10:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=91207"},"modified":"2023-02-09T11:40:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T15:40:37","slug":"warren-buffett-wall-street","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/","title":{"rendered":"Warren Buffett&#8217;s Wall Street Criticisms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why does Warren Buffett criticize the Wall Street approach? What are some ways in which Wall Street investment firms mishandle investors&#8217; money?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s business-as-usual practices highlight many areas in which most investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Specifically, Buffett highlights the failings of CEO culture, shady accounting, overpriced acquisitions, and the systemic dangers of financial derivatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to learn about Warren Buffett&#8217;s criticisms of Wall Street&#8217;s practices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-wall-street-way\"><strong>The Wall Street Way<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s CEOs lack any true accountability. In theory, CEOs must answer to a board of directors, but in practice that relationship is overly chummy. Directors themselves have little accountability, don\u2019t pay attention to their companies\u2019 business practices, and rarely put themselves on the line to call out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/ineffective-management\/\">poor management<\/a>. As a result, many CEOs are rewarded for simple mediocrity. Boards and CEOs often do nothing but ride on the wave of their underlings\u2019 efforts, inflate earnings reports by holding back money from investors, then safely escape with their \u201cgolden parachutes\u201d if the company fails or is bought out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In theory, a company\u2019s CEO and board of directors are answerable to the shareholders, who have the power to vote the board out of office. However, this rarely happens without <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebalancemoney.com\/how-do-i-remove-a-board-member-397467\">instigation from the top<\/a>. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/basic-economics\"><em>Basic Economics<\/em><\/a>, Thomas Sowell points out that for the most part, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/basic-economics\/chapters-5-7-9#corporate-governance\">shareholders want to reap the benefits of investing without going through the hassle of managing a business<\/a>. Many board elections are uncontested\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cii.org\/majority_voting_directors\">directors must simply receive more votes \u201cfor\u201d than \u201cagainst\u201d them<\/a> in order to retain their positions. However, there\u2019s been a trend in recent years of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skadden.com\/insights\/publications\/2020\/01\/2020-insights\/us-corporate-governance\">shareholders taking a more active interest<\/a> in who sits on corporate boards and how they steer their companies in regard to social and environmental issues.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buffett\u2019s ire is particularly strong in regard to awarding stock options as a form of CEO compensation. Managers often negotiate for these, because once awarded, the stock options\u2019 value isn\u2019t tied in any way to CEO performance. A CEO could do nothing for 10 years, cash in his options and receive as much pay as if he\u2019d been effectively running his company. Businesses, in turn, like to award stock options as pay because certain accounting rules let them not be recorded as an expense. However, Buffett argues their expense is very real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/s\/stockoption.asp\">A stock option is a contractual agreement that allows someone the <em>option <\/em>to buy or sell a stock at a predetermined price at a future date.<\/a> When that date arrives, the stock option price and the stock\u2019s actual price may be wildly divergent. For example, if you hold a stock option to buy Company A stock at $100 per share, and the actual stock price shoots up to $200, you can call in your option, buy the stock at the lower $100 price, and immediately double the value of your holdings. However, if the stock price drops instead, you don\u2019t have to buy it at all\u2014you\u2019ve lost nothing. Some employee stock options plans <a href=\"https:\/\/smartasset.com\/investing\/how-do-stock-options-work\">require you to vest over time<\/a>, but many CEOs are awarded stock options as a form of \u201cfree money\u201d bonus when they are hired.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The theory behind stock options is that they align the CEO with the shareholders. If the CEO adds value to the company, his stock options will be worth more over time. However, an investor must pay the going market price for his stock, whereas the CEO often receives a locked-in rate with the <em>option <\/em>not to make the purchase. The CEO with stock options, therefore, can reap the same rewards as shareholders but carries none of the risk. Buffett lobbied for a change in accounting rules that would force businesses to list stock options as an expense, but he lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>The Trouble With Stock Options<\/strong><br><br>A different argument against stock options than the one Buffett makes is that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/free-exchange\/2006\/10\/26\/executives-behaving-badly\">stock options incentivize CEOs to make risky decisions on behalf of their company<\/a> in order to make the stock\u2019s value spike above its true value. Risky behavior could just as likely make the stock price plummet, in which case shareholders lose value, but the CEO loses nothing.<br><br>Many corporations still award stock options as a way to boost CEO compensation, despite the fact that there\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/ceo-pay-and-performance-dont-match-up-1526299200\">no correlation between CEO pay and a company\u2019s prosperity<\/a>. A 2021 study by <em>Harvard Business Review<\/em> showed that stock options are only effective in situations where <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2021\/01\/should-you-reward-your-ceo-with-stock-options\">CEOs might otherwise misuse company resources for personal gain<\/a>. A recent study of CEO pay shows that <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/how-are-ceos-paid-772bbf8588097eb1cbe2d9435a795b77\">over 70% comes from stock awards and options<\/a>, 20% from bonuses, and less than 10% from their actual salary.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why does Warren Buffett criticize the Wall Street approach? What are some ways in which Wall Street investment firms mishandle investors&#8217; money? According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s business-as-usual practices highlight many areas in which most investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Specifically, Buffett highlights the failings of CEO culture, shady accounting, overpriced acquisitions, and the systemic dangers of financial derivatives. Keep reading to learn about Warren Buffett&#8217;s criticisms of Wall Street&#8217;s practices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":47478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,31],"tags":[889],"class_list":["post-91207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-money","tag-the-essays-of-warren-buffett","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Warren Buffett&#039;s Wall Street Criticisms - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here&#039;s why.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Warren Buffett&#039;s Wall Street Criticisms\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here&#039;s why.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"752\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"379\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Warren Buffett&#8217;s Wall Street Criticisms\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\"},\"wordCount\":799,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Essays of Warren Buffett\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Business\",\"Money\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\",\"name\":\"Warren Buffett's Wall Street Criticisms - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here's why.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg\",\"width\":752,\"height\":379,\"caption\":\"How to Invest Wisely in the Stock Market\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Warren Buffett&#8217;s Wall Street Criticisms\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\",\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"caption\":\"Darya Sinusoid\"},\"description\":\"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Warren Buffett's Wall Street Criticisms - Shortform Books","description":"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here's why.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Warren Buffett's Wall Street Criticisms","og_description":"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here's why.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":752,"height":379,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Darya Sinusoid","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Darya Sinusoid","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/"},"author":{"name":"Darya Sinusoid","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46"},"headline":"Warren Buffett&#8217;s Wall Street Criticisms","datePublished":"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/"},"wordCount":799,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","keywords":["The Essays of Warren Buffett"],"articleSection":["Business","Money"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/","name":"Warren Buffett's Wall Street Criticisms - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-04T10:52:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-09T15:40:37+00:00","description":"According to Warren Buffett, Wall Street\u2019s investment companies don\u2019t serve the interests of the people whose money they steward. Here's why.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","width":752,"height":379,"caption":"How to Invest Wisely in the Stock Market"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/warren-buffett-wall-street\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Warren Buffett&#8217;s Wall Street Criticisms"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46","name":"Darya Sinusoid","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","caption":"Darya Sinusoid"},"description":"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/wall-street-wallstreet-investing-stock-market.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91207"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91868,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91207\/revisions\/91868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}