{"id":91151,"date":"2023-01-29T11:57:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-29T15:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=91151"},"modified":"2023-02-08T12:29:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T16:29:57","slug":"why-good-people-do-bad-things","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-good-people-do-bad-things\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Good People Do Bad Things: Self-Justification Psychology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Why do good people do bad things? What defines goodness?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To keep us free from cognitive dissonance, we often convince ourselves that the bad things we’ve done don’t matter because we’re good people. In Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me)<\/em>, Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson question whether the bad things we do ruin our image as good people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let’s look at why good people do bad things and try to justify their actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Are You a Good Person?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Often the most powerful quality that contributes to our positive self-image\u2014and that we thus aim to keep free from dissonance\u2014is our belief that we\u2019re good and righteous individuals. According to Tavris and Aronson, we all want to believe we\u2019re good people, so we\u2019re highly motivated to justify any actions we take that threaten our sense of righteousness.<\/strong> This is especially true in circumstances where we question why good people do bad things\u2014we have to reconcile the harm we\u2019ve caused with our belief in our own goodness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How We Justify Causing Harm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The authors state that when we\u2019ve caused harm, we use self-justification<\/a> to preserve our self-image as good, righteous people.<\/strong> When we do something that hurts someone else, we often reduce the resulting dissonance by justifying in one of three ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Denying wrongdoing entirely  <\/li>
  2. Making excuses<\/a> that minimize our culpability: for example, \u201cI couldn\u2019t help it,\u201d or \u201cI was provoked\u201d <\/li>
  3. Accepting responsibility<\/a> for our actions, but viewing them as isolated past incidents and ignoring their consequences in the present<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Reactions to Hurting or Being Hurt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    When we\u2019ve hurt someone else, the authors note, we usually seek to move past our harmful actions quickly to resolve the painful dissonance of our actions. Over time, memory distortion<\/a> and self-justification help to reduce the sting of guilt and remorse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    By contrast, when we\u2019ve<\/em> been wronged, we generally hold onto the pain of the event for a long time. We\u2019re much more likely to report lasting negative consequences from the actions of the person who hurt us. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Additionally, sometimes we use victimhood to justify harm without tarnishing our self-image as a good person. Being wronged creates a sense of self-righteousness, which we can then use to justify cruelty toward the person who hurt us in the name of getting back at them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cycles of Harm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    According to Tavris and Aronson, research shows that being hurt doesn\u2019t reduce the chance that we\u2019ll harm someone else. In reality, self-justification allows us to be harmed and commit acts of harm at the same time, perpetuating the cycle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    We know that good people don\u2019t deliberately inflict pain on others, so when we do <\/em>harm others on purpose, we resolve the dissonance and maintain our sense of righteousness by convincing ourselves that the people we harm deserve it. Each side goes back and forth in an endless cycle of escalating retaliation until they can no longer empathize with each other. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Stereotypes and Prejudice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    One specific means of harming others that our brains skillfully justify is having prejudice\u2014predetermined opinions about a group of people that aren\u2019t based on reason or experience. The authors argue that everyone is capable of prejudice because of the way our brains work\u2014we naturally organize information into categories that become stereotypes when applied to other people.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Stereotypes can be advantageous\u2014they allow us to make choices using past experiences, recognize important differences between groups of people, and judge how others will likely act in a given situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    However, stereotypes also harmfully emphasize the differences between<\/em> groups of people and diminish the differences within<\/em> groups of people. They allow us to make generalizations about another group that justify our poor treatment of them while maintaining our sense of righteousness, and these generalizations can turn into prejudices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Self-Justification and Prejudice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    The design of the brain also makes it difficult to identify prejudice in ourselves. The authors argue that this is because the brain is built to convince us we aren\u2019t<\/em> biased<\/strong>\u2014it persuades us that our perception of reality<\/a> is clear and accurate (a phenomenon called naive realism<\/em>). We believe that if an opinion wasn\u2019t reasonable, we wouldn\u2019t have it, so other fair, good, reasonable people will see things the same way we do. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    We justify our prejudices with the belief that our hostility toward other groups of people is reasonable and warranted (or else, we wouldn\u2019t feel it), and it\u2019s the other group that needs to change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    That being said, most of us still aren\u2019t truly comfortable with our prejudices, the authors argue. Our negative feelings about another group of people conflict with our understanding that it\u2019s morally or socially unacceptable to feel that way. This threatens our view of ourselves as good people and creates uncomfortable dissonance with our perceived righteousness, which we dispel through further self-justification. We self-justify<\/a> by reinforcing our belief in harmful stereotypes<\/a> (for example, the belief that the other group is violent, unintelligent, or untrustworthy). This cycle allows us to continue causing harm to the group while maintaining our sense of righteousness. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Why do good people do bad things? What defines goodness? To keep us free from cognitive dissonance, we often convince ourselves that the bad things we’ve done don’t matter because we’re good people. In Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me), Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson question whether the bad things we do ruin our image as good people. Let’s look at why good people do bad things and try to justify their actions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":91462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,9],"tags":[888],"class_list":["post-91151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-psychology","tag-mistakes-were-made-but-not-by-me","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Good People Do Bad Things: Self-Justification Psychology - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Humanity isn't split between good and bad. 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