{"id":88163,"date":"2022-12-21T21:24:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T01:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=88163"},"modified":"2023-01-03T10:30:52","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T14:30:52","slug":"external-things","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/external-things\/","title":{"rendered":"External Things Don’t Matter: Epictetus Explains a Key Stoic Idea"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

When someone insults you, how should you respond? Should you be proud of your family?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epictetus and other Stoic philosophers had an opinion about things outside of yourself. They believed that those things aren’t important. So, external things shouldn’t cause you pain, pride, or any number of reactions you might be tempted to have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keep reading to understand Epictetus’ view of external things and see how it might give you peace of mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

External Things Don’t Matter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To illustrate why your mind is the only thing that matters, Epictetus explains why other things don\u2019t <\/em>matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, Epictetus claims that nothing outside of yourself can harm you or upset you\u2014rather, the way you interpret and respond to external things is what harms you.<\/strong> For example, if someone insults you, those words won\u2019t cause you any harm, but allowing yourself to get upset or angry over the insult would <\/em>harm you. Similarly, if you suffer an injury or an illness, that only affects your physical body. The things that are truly you\u2014your thoughts and feelings\u2014aren\u2019t affected unless you allow them to be. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In Meditations<\/em><\/a>, Marcus Aurelius makes a very similar claim, with one small change\u2014he says the only thing that can harm you is something that hinders your ability to act according to Nature<\/a> (which he calls \u201cfollowing logos<\/em>\u201d). For example, he agrees with Epictetus that a purely physical disease like the flu doesn\u2019t harm you\u2014however, something that affects your mind such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease would <\/em>truly harm you, because an inability to think clearly would prevent you from acting according to Nature.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just as things outside of yourself can\u2019t harm you, they also shouldn\u2019t inspire pride.<\/strong> For example, it\u2019s meaningless to congratulate yourself for having a large house, an important job, or a loving family\u2014those good qualities belong to external things, not to you, so they don\u2019t make you inherently better than anyone else. The only thing worth being proud of is your reason: your ability to understand the world around you and respond appropriately to it, in accordance with Nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note that Epictetus is only warning against undue<\/em> pride. You can still appreciate and enjoy all of these things\u2014just don\u2019t let them feed your pride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In Ego Is the Enemy<\/em><\/a>, Ryan Holiday says that pride is a distortion of reality<\/a>. It\u2019s your ego<\/a> lying to you about how well you\u2019re doing\u2014for example, by telling you that you\u2019re better than other people because you have a larger house than them. Holiday says that it\u2019s important to recognize and control your pride because your distorted perceptions<\/a> will hurt your ability to understand your current situation and respond appropriately to it. In other words, your belief <\/em>that you\u2019re successful will get in the way of your actual success in life. For example, a corporate executive might get an inflated idea of his business acumen and start making hasty, ill-advised business decisions because he doesn\u2019t seek out other people\u2019s advice first.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, always try to see things for what they are, and don\u2019t value them more than they\u2019re worth. For example, maybe you have a painting that you\u2019re especially fond of. If you recognize that it\u2019s just <\/em>a painting\u2014a collection of pigments on a piece of canvas\u2014you won\u2019t be upset if it gets damaged or lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Marcus Aurelius (Meditations<\/em><\/a>) elaborates on this idea of seeing things for what they are<\/a> so you don\u2019t overvalue them. Aurelius says that, when you examine something, there\u2019s no need to look beyond your first impression of it. For example, when you see a painting on your wall, there\u2019s no need to think of it as anything other than a painting\u2014don\u2019t start thinking about how it\u2019s your <\/em>painting, or worrying that something might happen to it. Simply accept what it is, at face value.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When someone insults you, how should you respond? Should you be proud of your family? Epictetus and other Stoic philosophers had an opinion about things outside of yourself. They believed that those things aren’t important. So, external things shouldn’t cause you pain, pride, or any number of reactions you might be tempted to have. Keep reading to understand Epictetus’ view of external things and see how it might give you peace of mind.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":88167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,9],"tags":[847],"class_list":["post-88163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy","category-psychology","tag-the-discourses-of-epictetus","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nExternal Things Don't Matter: Epictetus Explains a Key Stoic Idea - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"External things shouldn't cause you pain or pride. 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