{"id":85818,"date":"2022-12-16T20:13:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-17T00:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=85818"},"modified":"2022-12-23T10:31:18","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T14:31:18","slug":"benefits-of-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/","title":{"rendered":"The Benefits of Bitcoin: Economist Explains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Does bitcoin have the potential to become the new monetary standard? What are the benefits of bitcoin over fiat? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to economist Saifedean Ammous, there are two properties that determine how suitable something is for use as money: \u2018salability\u2019 and \u2018hardness,\u2019 and bitcoin has both of them. Then there\u2019s the issue of trust in the payer: The form of money can influence the likelihood of a transaction failing due to nonpayment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ll discuss each of these factors, in turn, to show why Ammous thinks bitcoin makes good money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bitcoin-has-good-salability\"><strong>Bitcoin Has Good Salability<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As Ammous uses the term, <strong>\u2018salability\u2019 is the ability of something to transmit value<\/strong>. He says there are three dimensions to salability: scale, space, and time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scale-salability\"><strong>Scale-Salability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the benefits of bitcoin is its scale-salability\u2014that is, its ability to transmit value between purchases of different size. For example, maybe you sell something of great value, like a house, and then you want to use a little bit of the money from the sale to purchase something of small value, like a loaf of bread. The scale-salability of something that is used as money depends mostly on how easily divisible it is into units of different value.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bitcoins have excellent scale-salability because they\u2019re easily divisible<\/strong> in practice: The bitcoin network supports transactions as small as 0.00000001 bitcoin. So you could sell a house for 25 bitcoins and buy a loaf of bread for 0.00015 bitcoins without any trouble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-space-salability\"><strong>Space-Salability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The space-salability of something is its ability to transmit value over geographical distances. For example, maybe you want to sell a house in New York and buy one in Colorado. If your buyer offered to pay in either gold or cattle (both of which Ammous notes have historically been used as money), it would be much easier to carry 250 gold coins with you across the country than to transport 250 head of cattle. As such, gold has much better space-salability than cattle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bitcoins have excellent space-salability<\/strong> because they only exist as entries in a digital ledger, which is stored redundantly on many \u201cnodes\u201d throughout the world and accessed via the internet. So you can access your bitcoins from anywhere in the world, provided you can connect to the internet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-time-salability\"><strong>Time-Salability<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The time-salability of something is its ability to transmit value across time. For example, maybe you want to save up for a big purchase over a period of years or decades. Ammous warns that if you try to save up your money in dollars or other fiat currency, your savings will lose value over time due to inflation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, <strong>bitcoin\u2019s time-salability is not as good as its scale-salability or space-salability because its value fluctuates unpredictably<\/strong>. Ammous discusses several factors that contribute to bitcoin\u2019s volatile price.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For one thing, bitcoins exist <em>only<\/em> as a digital currency, whereas many other things that have been used as money have commercial uses that give them tangible value to begin with. For example, the price of gold never drops below a certain threshold because of the commercial demand for gold to be used in making jewelry and certain electrical components. Bitcoins don\u2019t have this basic commercial value, so their value can fluctuate more erratically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For another thing, the price of bitcoin is the only factor that can adjust to match supply with demand because the supply of bitcoin at any given time is fixed. By contrast, both supply and price are variable for most other goods. When the demand for a commodity rises, driving up prices, the higher prices motivate producers to increase production. This increase in supply helps to balance out the increased demand, so the price doesn\u2019t rise as much.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So too, if the demand for a commodity drops, prices start to drop, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/bargaining-power-of-suppliers-understanding-michael-porter\/\">suppliers<\/a> cut back on production. But because the supply of bitcoin is fixed, its price fluctuations can\u2019t be ameliorated by increases or decreases in supply, so its price will fluctuate more dramatically in response to fluctuations in demand.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ammous observes that the effect of demand fluctuations is amplified by the relatively small market for bitcoins and by the temperament of the people who hold them: Many bitcoin holders tend to buy or sell large quantities of bitcoin, depending on whether they think the price will go up or down. This results in proportionately larger fluctuations in demand for bitcoin relative to other currencies and commodities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>However, Ammous also contends that this could change.<\/strong> If the bitcoin market continues to grow, demand may become less volatile. And if central banks build stockpiles of bitcoin to back other currencies (which is an important step toward adopting a Bitcoin Standard) this would also tend to stabilize the value of bitcoins.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Will the Value of Bitcoin Ever Stabilize?<\/strong><br><br>Economists differ on the question of whether or not it\u2019s even hypothetically possible to stabilize the value of bitcoin, let alone whether or not its value will eventually stabilize in practice.<br><br>Experts argue that the supply and demand issues Ammous references are part of a larger ecosystem of influences that affect bitcoin\u2019s value at any given time. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/investing\/052014\/why-bitcoins-value-so-volatile.asp\">Media hype and government intervention are two other significant drivers of bitcoin volatility<\/a>. They observe that when bitcoin makes the news in a positive way (such as an announcement that a prestigious securities trading firm will now begin trading in bitcoins) the price of bitcoin tends to skyrocket.&nbsp;<br><br>Conversely, when bitcoin makes the news in a negative way, or especially in a way that could raise concerns about its future availability or legality (such as a news story about the government shutting down a bitcoin-based business for engaging in illegal activities, or a government announcing prohibitions on the use of bitcoin by its citizens) the price of bitcoin tends to plummet.&nbsp;<br><br>Ammous would probably point out that regulatory concerns and media hype are simply factors that influence demand. If these are indeed the primary factors behind its volatility, then this volatility will likely diminish with time: Eventually, governments will settle on their cryptocurrency policies, reducing concerns about bitcoin\u2019s legality or regulatory status changing. And the more bitcoin matures, the less media hype it\u2019s likely to generate.&nbsp;<br><br>But others contend that <a href=\"https:\/\/hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp\/hermes\/ir\/re\/26940\/DP617.pdf\">bitcoin\u2019s strictly limited supply makes it fundamentally unstable<\/a>, arguing that the price volatility of bitcoin cannot be eliminated without a mechanism to regulate the money supply of bitcoins the way central banks regulate the supply of fiat currencies. One university team proposed creating an alternative cryptocurrency that would operate similarly to bitcoin, but <a href=\"https:\/\/hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp\/hermes\/ir\/re\/26940\/DP617.pdf\">with an additional algorithm built into the code to monitor exchange rates and adjust the supply of the cryptocurrency<\/a> to keep the exchange rates consistent.<br><br>Others have created other cryptocurrencies and attempted to stabilize their value by backing the cryptocurrency with either fiat currency reserves such as US dollars, physical commodities such as gold or real estate, or financial securities, such as stocks.<br><br>Ammous would probably <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-be-skeptical\/\">be skeptical<\/a> of these solutions. As we\u2019ve discussed, he is concerned that fiat money has poor time-salability because of inflation. So cryptocurrencies that are backed by fiat currency or whose supply is adjusted to maintain a consistent exchange rate with them would suffer from the same problem and lose one of bitcoin\u2019s significant advantages. Similarly, a cryptocurrency backed by commodities or financial securities would be only as stable as what it was backed by. Moreover, it would require a trusted central entity to hold the reserves. But, as we\u2019ve discussed, the decentralized structure of bitcoin that obviates the need for a trusted third party is another one of its significant advantages.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bitcoin-is-hard-money\"><strong>Bitcoin Is Hard Money<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As we\u2019ve discussed, bitcoin\u2019s time-salability isn\u2019t ideal because bitcoin\u2019s value tends to fluctuate, but Ammous asserts that despite these short-term fluctuations<strong>, bitcoin <\/strong><strong><em>does<\/em><\/strong><strong> have good time-salability in the long run because it is a very \u201chard\u201d currency<\/strong>, and thus does not lose value due to inflation. In this section we\u2019ll discuss the \u201chardness\u201d of money, which is another factor that, along with salability, determines how good a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/types-of-money\/\">type of money<\/a> is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ammous explains that <strong>the \u201chardness\u201d of a type of money is the ratio of the total quantity in circulation to the maximum amount that could be added in a given amount of time<\/strong>, usually one year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, wheat has a very low hardness, because it is produced and consumed every year, and so the total supply is about the same as the annual production. By contrast, gold has a very high hardness, because it is relatively scarce and humans have been stockpiling it for thousands of years, so the amount of gold produced by gold mines in any given year is only a tiny fraction of the world\u2019s total gold supply.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitcoin is designed such that bitcoins are added to circulation at a predictable rate that is halved every four years, and will cease altogether once the total number in circulation reaches 21,000,000 bitcoins. Thus, bitcoin has a high hardness, and that hardness will continue to increase until all the bitcoins are in circulation, at which point its hardness will become infinite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hard-money-prevents-inflation-from-redistributing-wealth\"><strong>Hard Money Prevents Inflation From Redistributing Wealth&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ammous demonstrates the importance of hard money by observing what happens to a society that uses money with low hardness: Over time, <strong>all the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/real-value-paper-value-technological-revolutions\/\">real value<\/a> in that society goes to those who provide the supply of money<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Ammous explains, this is because there\u2019s always a demand for any material that a society uses as money (such as gold or silver), which motivates people to produce it (for example, by mining gold). Yet, increasing the money supply decreases the value of the money that\u2019s already in circulation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It takes time for the economy to adjust to changes in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-does-money-have-value\/\">value of money<\/a>, so when producers of money (such as gold miners) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-sell-a-product\/\">sell their product<\/a>, they receive more payment for it than it will be worth once the economy adjusts to the increased money supply. This is what allows the producers of money to accumulate a greater and greater fraction of society\u2019s real wealth over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the society uses hard money, such as gold or bitcoin, the magnitude of this effect is small. But it gets larger the faster the money supply increases. For example, if the money supply abruptly doubles, then the value of money will be cut in half, so the people who increased the supply will acquire half of the total value that the money supply represented before it doubled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bitcoin-is-based-on-verification-instead-of-trust\"><strong>Bitcoin Is Based on Verification Instead of Trust<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ammous asserts that the final desirable characteristic of bitcoin is its system of complete verification, which eliminates the need for trust.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He explains that many other types of transactions require a degree of trust: If someone writes you a check, you\u2019ll only accept it as payment if you trust that their check won\u2019t bounce. If someone pays you with a credit card, the credit card company acts as a trusted third party, verifying her credit and guaranteeing payment of her debts. But that means the credit card company can block any transaction that it disapproves of, even if the payer and the payee both approve of it. But <strong>with bitcoin, there\u2019s no need to trust either the payer or a third party because of its system of complete verification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Complete verification<\/em> means that the network first checks to make sure the payer <em>can<\/em> make the payment (they have sufficient funds in their account) and then irreversibly transfers the funds, ensuring that the payer <em>does<\/em> make the payment. Furthermore, these checks are performed not just by a single payment processor, but by a majority of the network\u2014a large number of independently-operated servers all over the world. To default on a payment or make a fraudulent payment, the payer would have to gain control of a majority of the entire bitcoin network, which, as we\u2019ve discussed, would be virtually impossible. This is how the network ensures that the payer can\u2019t default, eliminating the need for trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ammous points out that this is ideal for settlements between parties located in different countries, who might have limited options for enforcing an agreement to pay. It also means that all bitcoin transactions are final, irreversible, and immune to third-party stipulations, much like paying someone in cash or gold.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, as Ammous concedes, this approach also creates a large amount of redundancy (relative to using a trusted third party like a credit card company) since each transaction is independently verified by a majority of the entire network, not just a single server. This redundancy reduces the efficiency and speed of processing transactions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Does bitcoin have the potential to become the new monetary standard? What are the benefits of bitcoin over fiat? According to economist Saifedean Ammous, there are two properties that determine how suitable something is for use as money: \u2018salability\u2019 and \u2018hardness,\u2019 and bitcoin has both of them. Then there\u2019s the issue of trust in the payer: The form of money can influence the likelihood of a transaction failing due to nonpayment. We\u2019ll discuss each of these factors, in turn, to show why Ammous thinks bitcoin makes good money.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":3362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,31],"tags":[823],"class_list":["post-85818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-money","tag-the-bitcoin-standard","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Benefits of Bitcoin: Economist Explains - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Will bitcoin ever become the monetary standard? What are the benefits of bitcoin over fiat? 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Saifedean Ammous offers his take on the matter.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-17T00:13:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-23T14:31:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sapiens-capitalism-theory.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"763\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"509\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"The Benefits of Bitcoin: Economist Explains\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-17T00:13:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-23T14:31:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/\"},\"wordCount\":2137,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sapiens-capitalism-theory.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"The Bitcoin Standard\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economics\",\"Money\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/\",\"name\":\"The Benefits of Bitcoin: Economist Explains - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/benefits-of-bitcoin\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sapiens-capitalism-theory.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-17T00:13:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-23T14:31:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Will bitcoin ever become the monetary standard? 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What are the benefits of bitcoin over fiat? 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