{"id":85637,"date":"2022-11-28T21:26:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T01:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=85637"},"modified":"2022-12-06T14:53:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T18:53:40","slug":"what-is-pay-transparency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Pay Transparency &#038; Who Does It Help or Harm?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/pros-and-cons-of-pay-transparency\/\">pay transparency<\/a>? How will revealing salary information impact employees and employers alike? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>California is the latest U.S. state to adopt pay transparency laws, contributing to a culture shift that could make disclosure the norm. While this shift will inevitably improve pay inequity, it will also bring unintended benefits and consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read on to learn more about what pay transparency is and the pros and cons of salary disclosure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-pay-transparency\">What Is Pay Transparency?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In September, California became the latest state to pass a law requiring companies to disclose workers\u2019 pay. With more than 19 million workers, California is a heavyweight joining the tide toward transparency alongside states like Colorado (the first state to adopt such a law), Maryland, and Washington, and municipalities like New York City and Cincinnati\u2014but what is pay transparency, exactly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll explore what pay transparency is and what&#8217;s catalyzing the shift toward salary disclosure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transparency-laws-combat-pay-inequity\">Transparency Laws Combat Pay Inequity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The main goal of salary transparency is to reduce pay inequities based on gender and race. The idea is to drive out shadowy injustices by shining a light on everything from the janitor\u2019s salary to the CEO\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pay transparency laws vary, but they generally require companies to post the salary ranges for every filled and open position. California\u2019s law even requires businesses to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/daily-labor-report\/california-employers-to-disclose-pay-ranges-with-newsom-signing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">categorize pay rates by race, ethnicity, and sex<\/a>. Some laws also prohibit employers from asking job candidates for their salary history, which can keep workers locked in low wages from job to job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Data shows just how much pay inequity hurts non-white and non-male workers. The U.S. Census reveals that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalpartnership.org\/our-work\/resources\/economic-justice\/fair-pay\/americas-women-and-the-wage-gap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">for every dollar a white man earned in 2021<\/a>, women were paid half to three-quarters of that:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>White women made 73 cents<\/li><li>Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women made 75 cents<\/li><li>Black women made 64 cents<\/li><li>Latina women made 54 cents<\/li><li>Native American women made 51 cents<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Comparable racial pay gaps also exist. The U.S. Department of Labor reports that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/ofccp\/about\/data\/earnings\/race-and-ethnicity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">for every dollar paid to a white worker<\/a> (regardless of gender),&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asian and Pacific Islander workers made $1.12<\/li><li>Black workers made 76 cents<\/li><li>Latinx workers made 73 cents<\/li><li>Native American workers made 77 cents<\/li><li>Multiracial workers made 81 cents<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/the-wage-gap-among-lgbtq-workers-in-the-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LGBTQ workers in the U.S. earn about 90 cents<\/a> for every dollar a typical worker makes, according to an analysis by the Human Rights Campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perspective: Wages Are Driving the New Age of Inequality<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In<em> <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/capital-in-the-twenty-first-century\/preview\"><em>Capital<\/em> <em>in the Twenty-First Century<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>award-winning French economist Thomas Piketty analyzes national incomes, income tax returns, estate tax returns, and other financial data across multiple countries and centuries. The result is a groundbreaking study of the history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/global-economic-inequality\/\">economic inequality<\/a> and its implications for 21st-century society. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Piketty writes that the history of economic inequality in the advanced economies of Western Europe and North America followed a distinct historical pattern\u2014an era of high inequality in the period before World War I, followed by a significant compression of the wealth distribution in the decades after World War II, and a new age of rising inequality beginning in the 1980s and continuing to the present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But he notes an important difference between the earlier period of massive inequality during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries and the one we are living through today. <strong>Before World War I, a much larger share of the total income of the richest people came from ownership of <em>capital <\/em>assets\u2014dividends, rents, interest on government bonds, and capital gains.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: The 19th century in particular was an era of staggering inequality. In the PBS documentary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/films\/gilded-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Gilded Age<\/em><\/a>, the filmmakers observe that in 1897, <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5122375\/american-inequality-gilded-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the richest 4,000 families in America controlled as much wealth as the other 11.6 million American families combined<\/a>. But, as Piketty argues, we may be returning to a similar economic paradigm. In November 2017, the three richest <em>individuals <\/em>in America were as wealthy as the <em>bottom half of the population<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Since the 1980s, however, he observes that the top decile and even the top centile\u2019s income primarily comes from highly compensated <\/strong><strong><em>labor.<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>He argues that skyrocketing salaries for high-ranking executives and managers (most notably in the finance sector) are driving today\u2019s inequality. In this respect, today\u2019s wealthy are different from their predecessors of the 18th and 19th centuries. They are less a class of rentiers than they are a class of highly compensated salary-earners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But regardless of its source, Piketty warns that the rich are only getting richer: In the U.S., the top decile increased its share of national income by 15 points, from 35 to 50% from the 1970s to 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: We can see direct evidence of Piketty\u2019s argument by looking at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/ceo-pay-in-2020\/#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20ratio%20of,%2Dto%2D1%20in%201989.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">extraordinary divergence between average CEO pay and average worker pay<\/a> that has taken place in the U.S. since the mid-20th century. In 1965, CEOs earned, on average, 21 times more than the average worker. By 1989, that ratio had nearly tripled to 61:1. And by 2020, a CEO at one of the top 350 companies in the country could expect to earn more than 351 times the salary of a typical worker. In total, from 1978 to 2020, CEO pay grew by an exponential 1,322%\u2014more than the growth in the S&amp;P stock market growth during that time and the relatively paltry 18% wage growth of the typical worker over the same period.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is Wage Inequality a Choice?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Piketty argues that this <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/salary-inequality\/\">wage inequality<\/a> is a political and social <em>choice <\/em>that our society has made<\/strong>. He acknowledges that wage inequality is <em>partially <\/em>a function of workers\u2019 productivity\u2014how much they contribute to the firm\u2019s marginal output\u2014and that this marginal productivity, in turn, is determined by workers\u2019 education and skill levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But ultimately, writes Piketty, the mechanisms that allow for such a degree of overcompensation are the result of social, political, and legal decisions\u2014specifically, to accept and even celebrate what he sees as unjustifiable income disparities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/political-decision-making\/\">political decisions<\/a> about where to set the minimum wage (or whether to establish one at all); the level of legal protections afforded to labor unions; the degree of progressiveness of the tax system; the generosity of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/criticism-of-welfare-state\/\">welfare state<\/a>; and how much we choose to invest in quality, universal education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>A Federal Jobs Guarantee to Address Inequality<\/strong><br><br>Piketty writes that inequality is a result of the decision by our society and our governments to accept it. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-deficit-myth\/1-page-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Deficit Myth<\/em><\/a>, Stephanie Kelton similarly writes that the American political system has chosen to focus inordinately on purely fiscal deficits (how much the government spends vs. how much revenue it brings in), but is largely unconcerned with social and human deficits\u2014the lack of jobs, the lack of education, the lack of healthcare, and the lack of equality of opportunity that are imposing significant suffering on people.<br><br>Kelton proposes using the federal government\u2019s extraordinary fiscal power to create a society that is more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-deficit-myth\/1-page-summary#6-jobs-as-a-right-the-federal-jobs-guarantee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a federal job guarantee<\/a>. She positions this as a crucial remaking of the economic order\u2014having the federal government serve as an employer of last resort, guaranteeing the fundamental right to a job for anyone who wants one, and bringing important benefits to the economy and society as a whole.She argues that such a guarantee would break the cycle of mass unemployment during recessions, improve the bargaining power of labor, and address society\u2019s most pressing needs by creating much-needed jobs in nursing and eldercare, clean energy, and infrastructure repair.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-legal-change-leads-to-de-facto-change\">Legal Change Leads to De Facto Change<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As more companies face legal mandates for pay transparency, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/daily-labor-report\/most-us-companies-willing-to-list-salaries-in-job-descriptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">businesses <em>in other places<\/em> feel the pressure to implement their own pay disclosure policies<\/a>. There are several reasons for this.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, many firms anticipate that their state or municipality will inevitably pass a similar law, and they\u2019d rather get ahead of the curve than scramble later. Posting salaries requires more than pushing a button\u2014executives often need to review salaries, correct inconsistencies, and develop a formal system for determining pay rates and raises.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, many large national companies with offices affected by disclosure laws\u2014like Apple and Disney in California\u2014are enacting pay transparency <em>throughout <\/em>the business to maintain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/google-meta-and-others-may-soon-need-to-disclose-pay-on-california-job-listings-11661877091?mod=article_inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">standard hiring practices<\/a> within the organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, businesses want to stay competitive in a tight labor market. Employers are competing for top talent, and job candidates often prefer jobs with posted salaries. Additionally, businesses have to face the fact that even if they don\u2019t include the salary range on a job listing, an applicant could easily find the information online\u2014or worse: They could find <em>wrong<\/em> salary information online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-transparency-brings-pros-and-cons\">Transparency Brings Pros and Cons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides addressing the pay gap, the shift toward pay transparency brings a number of benefits\u2014as well as drawbacks\u2014for job seekers, employees, and employers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pros:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Job seekers can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/salary-ranges-bring-changes-to-the-job-hunt-11665263465?mod=hp_lista_pos4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">target jobs that meet their salary needs<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employees will know whether their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/pay-transparency-law-california-nyc-jobs-11663795163?mod=article_inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">salary is at market rate<\/a> and may be more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrdive.com\/news\/new-york-city-pay-transparency-law-unintended-consequences\/635703\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">motivated to work toward a promotion<\/a> because they know how much more they could earn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employers avoid liability for discriminatory practices that may have been hidden in the shadows of pay obscurity, and they avoid screening and interviewing job candidates who want more than the company is willing to pay.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cons:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Job seekers who live in places with disclosure laws <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/10\/28\/nyregion\/nyc-salary-transparency-job-postings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">may not be considered for jobs<\/a> in companies without pay transparency.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employees may face <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrdive.com\/news\/new-york-city-pay-transparency-law-unintended-consequences\/635703\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">compressed pay and unequal benefits<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employers could <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/daily-labor-report\/california-employers-to-disclose-pay-ranges-with-newsom-signing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lose workers<\/a> to companies with higher posted salaries, and they could face <a href=\"https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/daily-labor-report\/spread-of-pay-disclosure-laws-exposes-employers-to-bias-suits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wage discrimination lawsuits<\/a> if they fail to correct inequities.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class='book-template'>\nTITLE: Capital in the Twenty-First Century<br>\nAUTHOR: Thomas Piketty<br>\nTIME: 15<br>\nREADS: 20.8<br>\nIMG_URL: https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/capital-in-the-twenty-first-century-cover.png<br>\nBOOK_SUMMARYURL: capital-in-the-twenty-first-century-summary-thomas-piketty<br>\nAMZN_ID: XYZ<br>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is pay transparency? How will revealing salary information impact employees and employers alike? California is the latest U.S. state to adopt pay transparency laws, contributing to a culture shift that could make disclosure the norm. While this shift will inevitably improve pay inequity, it will also bring unintended benefits and consequences. Read on to learn more about what pay transparency is and the pros and cons of salary disclosure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":85641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,275,30],"tags":[727],"class_list":["post-85637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-money","category-politics","category-work","tag-articles","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Pay Transparency &amp; Who Does It Help or Harm? - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is pay transparency? 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Learn why U.S. states are adopting pay disclosure laws and how this is projected to affect wage inequality.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-29T01:26:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-06T18:53:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/woman-putting-money-in-pocket.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1848\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1236\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emily Kitazawa\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb\"},\"headline\":\"What Is Pay Transparency &#038; Who Does It Help or Harm?\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-29T01:26:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-06T18:53:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/\"},\"wordCount\":1603,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/woman-putting-money-in-pocket.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Articles\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Money\",\"Politics\",\"Work\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/\",\"name\":\"What Is Pay Transparency & Who Does It Help or Harm? - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-pay-transparency\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/woman-putting-money-in-pocket.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-29T01:26:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-06T18:53:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"What is pay transparency? 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