{"id":83837,"date":"2022-11-13T12:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T16:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=83837"},"modified":"2022-11-22T12:48:29","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T16:48:29","slug":"what-does-myelin-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-does-myelin-do\/","title":{"rendered":"What Does Myelin Do? It’s Where Talent Comes From"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What does myelin do? What role does it play in talent?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In The Talent Code<\/em>, Daniel Coyle reveals that talent comes from myelin, a sheath that’s wrapped around each nerve cell. He further explains how myelin produces skills and talent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read below to learn the role of myelin in development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Myelin Matters<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In trying to pinpoint the source of talent, Coyle discovered that talent isn’t something you\u2019re born with\u2014it’s something you develop over the course of your life. Specifically, talent is directly proportional to the amount of myelin<\/em> (fatty, speed-enhancing nerve insulation) in your brain: The more you work on growing your myelin, the more talented you become<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does myelin do exactly? To answer this, we’ll first describe what myelin is and its function in the brain. Then, we\u2019ll explain why Coyle argues that myelin is the key to extraordinary talent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Nature Versus Nurture Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coyle\u2019s argument that talent isn\u2019t something you\u2019re born with is part of a longstanding debate about whether it\u2019s your genetics or your environment\u2014\u201cnature\u201d or \u201cnurture\u201d\u2014that determines your fate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arguing for the \u201cnature\u201d side of the debate, the 1994 book The Bell Curve<\/em><\/a> asserts that genes are primarily responsible for a person\u2019s intelligence and that the intellectually elite naturally rise to power in the United States. This argument echoes statements by Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson (who co-discovered DNA) and by prominent psychologist Arthur Jensen\u2014who concluded that racial differences in American children\u2019s test scores were attributable to genetics<\/a>, rather than circumstances. These views drew fervent criticism for suggesting that Black Americans were intellectually inferior to whites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2003, psychologist Eric Turkheimer proposed an important caveat to the nature argument: He concluded that DNA determines a person\u2019s potential, but that their environment determines whether they reach<\/em> that potential<\/a>. Author Malcolm Gladwell builds on this principle in Outliers<\/em><\/a>\u2014which elaborates on his New Yorker<\/em> article disputing the controversial idea that a person\u2019s intelligence is tied to their race<\/a>. Like Coyle, Gladwell argues for the nurture side of the debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Is Myelin?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

All of our thoughts and actions are the result of electrical signals being transmitted across networks of neurons (or nerve cells) in the brain. Within this system, myelin\u2014a layer of fat and protein\u2014forms a sheath around the axon (stem) of each neuron. <\/strong>This myelin sheath acts as insulation that prevents electrical signals from leaking out of the pathways between neurons\u2014thereby increasing the signals\u2019 speed and strength. A highly-myelinated neural pathway is able to execute commands from your brain (for example, a command to pitch a fastball) more efficiently than pathways with less myelin. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you repeatedly activate a neural pathway by performing a particular action over and over again, you send a signal to your brain that that pathway is important. It responds by increasing the amount of myelin encasing it. In other words, the more time you put into practicing an action, the more myelin you\u2019ll build around the corresponding neural pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Coyle explains myelin\u2019s role as an insulator that prevents leakage of the electricity traveling across important neural pathways. However, he doesn\u2019t go into detail on the other essential role that myelin plays: making the signals move faster<\/em>. An axon with a myelin sheath around it has gaps<\/em> in the sheath called Nodes of Ranvier; as electrical signals jump across these gaps, they recharge<\/a>. In other words, the presence of myelin creates a structure that \u201csignal boosts\u201d electrical signals as they move, decreasing the time it takes them to travel from the beginning to the end of a circuit.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why Does Myelin Matter?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coyle argues that what we perceive as \u201ctalent\u201d is largely <\/strong>the ease of execution<\/em><\/strong> that naturally comes from making a skill\u2019s neural pathway as efficient as possible through myelin growth. <\/strong>Coyle explains two ways that an efficient, highly-myelinated neural circuit shows up as talent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Myelin Increases Impulse Speed<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Impulse speed<\/em> is the speed of communication between your brain and body\u2014you can think of it as the reaction time between thought and action. By preventing leaks along your neural pathways, myelin boosts the speed of the electrical signals your brain uses to communicate with your muscles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In application, this allows you to make decisions about what to do\u2014and move in accordance with those decisions<\/em>\u2014very quickly. This often can give you a competitive edge. For example, a boxer with increased impulse speed can quickly judge where his opponent\u2019s fist is going to land and duck out of the way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In Relentless<\/em><\/a>, Tim Grover explains the importance of impulse speed in athletes at the top of their field. He says that athletes who have mastered their skills can use their knowledge instinctively<\/em><\/a>\u2014they can react quickly to any situation without having to pause and deliberate. They can also remain calm in any circumstances, because their mental space not<\/em> spent on decision-making<\/a> can go toward finding flexible and creative solutions to problems.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Myelin Creates Automaticity<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Once a neural circuit becomes supercharged with myelin, the movement associated with it becomes \u201ceffortless\u201d or \u201cautomatic\u201d\u2014that is, you don\u2019t have to concentrate on it to the same degree as you would a brand new skill. This is called automaticity<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When you see someone performing a skill well, you might comment on how natural <\/em>their movements look. Coyle explains that their actions seem<\/em> effortless because of automaticity<\/strong>\u2014a highly-myelinated neural circuit is sending commands for the actions without the person\u2019s conscious input or deliberation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: While automaticity has a significant role in a task seeming \u201ceffortless,\u201d it\u2019s not the only<\/em> factor\u2014often, a skill feels most effortless when you\u2019re able to achieve a \u201cflow state\u201d in performing it. This state combines automaticity, complete immersion, energized focus, and enjoyment.<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What does myelin do? What role does it play in talent? In The Talent Code, Daniel Coyle reveals that talent comes from myelin, a sheath that’s wrapped around each nerve cell. He further explains how myelin produces skills and talent. Read below to learn the role of myelin in development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":77652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160,43],"tags":[802],"class_list":["post-83837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","category-self-improvement","tag-the-talent-code","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Does Myelin Do? It's Where Talent Comes From - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There's a scientific reason behind our talents, and it all has to do with myelin. 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