{"id":829,"date":"2019-09-02T13:43:55","date_gmt":"2019-09-02T17:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=829"},"modified":"2022-03-04T16:40:48","modified_gmt":"2022-03-04T20:40:48","slug":"why-we-make-bad-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Truth About Why We Make Bad Decisions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why do we make such bad decisions sometimes? What can we do to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/make-better-decisions\/\">make better decisions<\/a>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The truth is, the fact that we don&#8217;t always know what we want or like is why we <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/make-bad-choices\/\">make bad decisions<\/a>. Keep reading to discover how we can be oblivious to our own preferences and why this hurts our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/methods-of-decision-making-crucial-conversations\/\">decision-making<\/a> process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why We Make Bad Decisions: <strong>We Don\u2019t Always Know What We Like<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Without structure, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/thin-slicing-malcolm-gladwell-blink\/\">thin-slicing<\/a>, or making intuitive decisions, isn\u2019t as effective as it could be. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/thin-slicing-malcolm-gladwell-blink\/\">Thin-slicing<\/a> also doesn\u2019t work out of context<\/strong>.&nbsp;This contributes to why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/gottman-love-lab-marriage-divorce\/\">love lab<\/a> researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/gottman-love-lab-marriage-divorce\/\">John Gottman<\/a> can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/no-one-can-predict-the-future\/\">predict the future<\/a> of your marriage after 15 minutes of observation. But he can only do this if he\u2019s observing you and your spouse in the right context\u2014in this case, if you\u2019re discussing something relevant to your relationship. He won\u2019t have the same insight watching you and your spouse play Ping-Pong, for instance.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Context also matters when we make decisions about what we like and don\u2019t like. When we\u2019re assessing a particular food, product, or type of music, both our rational minds and our guts may say we don\u2019t like something that we actually like (or have the potential to like). Sometimes, we don\u2019t know what we want or like because we\u2019re thin-slicing out of context. This is why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s look at <strong>three reasons why we make bad decisions when it comes to knowing what we like.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why We Make Bad Decisions, <strong>Reason #1: Sensation Transference<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sensation-transference\/\">Sensation transference<\/a> is when the way a product looks influences the way we experience it. In other words, we don\u2019t distinguish between the product and its packaging. The packaging is <em>part<\/em> of the product, not independent of it. This could be why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we judge a product as good or bad, the product\u2019s packaging influences that judgment. For example, <strong>no one wanted to buy margarine in the 1940s.<\/strong> They didn\u2019t like the way it tasted.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time, margarine was white and unappealing. Researchers discovered that if they colored it yellow to make it look like butter, and wrapped it in foil, which was a sign of high-quality, people thought that margarine tasted a lot better.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, what we \u201ctaste\u201d has nothing to do with flavor and everything to do with packaging. <strong>Thin-slicing, and the ability to judge a product objectively, fails when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-unconscious-mind\/\">unconscious mind<\/a> is distracted by irrelevant information, like a product\u2019s packaging.<\/strong> You may make a bad decision because you&#8217;re making that decision based on the packaging, not the product itself. Judging the wrong criteria is one reason why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why We Make Bad Decisions, <strong>Reason #2: Unfamiliarity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes, we dislike something for no other reason than that it\u2019s unfamiliar. We don\u2019t like what we don\u2019t know. We taste, hear, or watch something different and the unconscious mind automatically registers it as bad.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, television classics <em>All in the Family <\/em>and <em>The Mary Tyler Moore Show<\/em> almost didn\u2019t make it to the air because the hundreds of viewers in market testing hated them. They thought that <em>Family<\/em>\u2019s Archie Bunker was too abrasive and that career-woman Mary was a \u201closer.\u201d<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These sitcoms became two of the most successful in history. Were the opinions of initial viewers just different than those of the general public?<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably not. <strong>Viewers thought that they hated these shows, but really, they were just shocked by them.<\/strong> Once they got used to them, they realized that they actually enjoyed them.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thin-slicing fails when the unconscious mind has no previous experiences to which to compare the new experience.<\/strong> Unfamiliarity is another reason why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why We Make Bad Decisions, <strong>Reason #3: Lack of Expertise<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Experts aren\u2019t fooled by a product\u2019s packaging and aren\u2019t put off by unfamiliarity. When judging something in their area of expertise, they\u2019re better at knowing what they truly like because they have the experience to interpret their snap judgments.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They have the <strong>training<\/strong> to know what they like and the <strong>vocabulary<\/strong> to explain it.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Training<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Experts learn how to match their unconscious feelings about a food or an object to a formal aspect of that food or object. This necessarily changes their first impressions, or snap judgments.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, professional food tasters spend decades developing the skills to judge foods objectively. They learn to match their sensation of a food being sweet or bitter to specific characteristics in that food. The more they practice, the better they become at identifying, for instance, not only how much citrus flavor a food contains, but how much of that citrus flavor is orange citrus, how much is lemon, and how much is grapefruit.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The more they practice, the better their ability to taste, and the more accurate their thin-slicing when confronted with a new food.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Food tasters also learn a specific vocabulary to describe what they like and don\u2019t like. For instance, a layman either likes mayonnaise or doesn\u2019t. He might be able to give a reason for his dislike, but as we\u2019ve seen in earlier chapters, when we try to give rational reasons for intuitive responses, those reasons are often inaccurate.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, food tasters evaluate mayonnaise according to six characteristics of appearance (including color, lumpiness, and shine), ten characteristics of texture (including firmness and density), and fourteen characteristics of flavor, split into the subgroups of aroma (eggy), basic tastes (sour), and \u201cchemical-feeling factors\u201d (astringent).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these 30 characteristics is rated on a 15-point scale. Food tasters use their rational minds to practice identifying and rating these characteristics. These experiences result later in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/unconscious-decision-making\/\">unconscious decisions<\/a> that are well-aligned with the earlier conscious ones. Therefore,<strong> if a professional food taster likes mayonnaise, she\u2019s probably able to accurately tell you why.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Acting Like an Expert<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Thin-slicing is more likely to fail when we lack expertise in a given area. <strong>It\u2019s even <\/strong><strong><em>more<\/em><\/strong><strong> likely to fail when we act like experts without the requisite expertise.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We act like experts when we attempt to rationalize our snap-judgment preferences. This leads to even more confusion about what we like and dislike. This is a third reason why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We know that thinking deliberately and consciously in an environment that requires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/intuitive-thinking-2\/\">intuitive thought<\/a> can block our ability to solve problems. But <strong>what if thinking deliberately and consciously also blocks our ability to know our own minds?<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we try to explain the unexplainable, we tune out our intuition in favor of the conscious brain, which is bluffing. It doesn\u2019t know why it likes or dislikes something, but it doesn\u2019t know it doesn\u2019t know, and it will make up anything to satisfy itself that it knows. It wants to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/becoming-an-expert\/\">be an expert<\/a> on its preferences.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem is that <strong>we tend to adjust our true likes and dislikes to fit our rationalizations.<\/strong> Rationalizing can lead us further from understanding ourselves and what we like.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jam Study<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, in one study, both laypeople and experts were asked to rank jams according to texture and taste.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When relying on thin-slicing, laypeople were basically as good at experts at ranking jam. Both shared the same opinions about the best and the worst. But <strong>when another group of laypeople was asked not only to rank the jams but explain their choices, the novices put the expert choice of Knott\u2019s Berry Farm near the bottom of the pack and the experts\u2019 least favorite, Sorrell Ridge, in 3rd.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When thin-slicing, laypeople were confident about what they liked. Now, having to defend their choices, they had no idea what they liked. The vocabulary of describing jam confused them.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thin-slicing fails when we try to rationalize it. <\/strong>We can\u2019t pretend to be experts when we\u2019re not. But true food experts have internalized the language of the rational mind. Just as improv actors use deliberate, rational processes to establish rules ahead of time to improve their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/snap-decisions\/\">snap decisions<\/a> in the moment, experts have the special frameworks to make intuitive decisions quickly and accurately. Rationalizing could be why we make bad decisions.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example of Why We Make Bad Decisions: Kenna<\/strong><br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Musician Kenna, whose music one critic classifies as a cross between British new wave and hip-hop, is loved by people in the industry. When the co-president of Atlantic Records heard Kenna\u2019s demo, he was blown away. He flew Kenna to New York and had him sing for him in person. When Limpbizkit lead singer Fred Durst heard Kenna sing, he urged producers to sign him. Kenna went on tour with No Doubt and sold out shows in nightclubs. MTV2, the channel for MTV\u2019s serious music lovers, played his first video on repeat, and U2\u2019s manager claimed that Kenna was going to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-make-a-difference-in-the-world\/\">change the world<\/a>.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But he didn\u2019t. Every time market research firms tried to prove Kenna\u2019s marketability, listeners didn\u2019t like his music. Radio stations only play songs that market research has shown will appeal to their audiences. So Kenna didn\u2019t get on the radio, and his career stalled. Did the public make a bad decision about Kenna?<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Happened?<\/strong><br><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>There was no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/sensation-transference\/\">sensation transfer<\/a>. <\/strong>People who listened to a three-minute clip of Kenna didn\u2019t have any context for his music.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, fans who loved him had seen him play live or watched his video on MTV2. Many of the experts excited about him had also seen him perform in person.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without seeing Kenna, the \u201cpackaging,\u201d or knowing anything about him, listeners didn\u2019t connect to his music. A performer\u2019s image affects how much we like his or her music.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The music was unfamiliar.<\/strong> Kenna\u2019s music is hard to classify. Is it rock? Hip-hop? R&amp;B? It\u2019s like no other mainstream music.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People like what they\u2019re used to. Market research listeners had never heard anything like Kenna\u2019s music before, and their automatic, gut reaction was that they didn\u2019t like it. However, they might have viewed the music as innovative and interesting once they\u2019d gotten used to it. In contrast, experts weren\u2019t bothered by Kenna\u2019s uniqueness. Their extensive experience had taught them to be open to new sounds and styles.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The listeners lacked expertise. <\/strong>Industry insiders loved Kenna. These were the people who were in the best position to actually know what they liked. They had heard thousands of songs and singers before, and they had the vocabulary to explain their likes and dislikes. They also had the experience to decode their gut reactions, to know when they disliked something or when it was just new and different.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, novices didn\u2019t have the experience or vocabulary to differentiate unfamiliarity from dislike, and they didn\u2019t have a background that allowed them to compare Kenna\u2019s music to thousands of other songs and see its value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No sensation transfer, unfamiliarity, and lack of expertise are why we make bad decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Can We Make Better Decisions?<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Be frugal:<\/strong> Sometimes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-more-is-less\/\">less is more<\/a>. Challenge yourself to zero in on the most essential pieces of information and forget the rest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Don\u2019t dismiss things just because they\u2019re different: <\/strong>Try new things, and give yourself a chance to like them.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pay attention to context: <\/strong>If you\u2019re trying to decide whether you like something or not, use it in its usual or intended environment. When possible, try on clothes at home and give them a test-run at work to see if you like them as much there as you did in the store.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why do we make such bad decisions sometimes? What can we do to make better decisions? The truth is, the fact that we don&#8217;t always know what we want or like is why we make bad decisions. Keep reading to discover how we can be oblivious to our own preferences and why this hurts our decision-making process.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":774,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","tag-blink","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Truth About Why We Make Bad Decisions - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We don&#039;t always understand our desires, and this is why we make bad decisions. Learn how not knowing your own preferences leads to bad decisions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Truth About Why We Make Bad Decisions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We don&#039;t always understand our desires, and this is why we make bad decisions. Learn how not knowing your own preferences leads to bad decisions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-02T17:43:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-04T20:40:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/blink-why-we-make-bad-decisions-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"441\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amanda Penn\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amanda Penn\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/01b0e4c9ddb993e51d03808839d538b0\"},\"headline\":\"The Truth About Why We Make Bad Decisions\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-02T17:43:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-04T20:40:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\"},\"wordCount\":1967,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/blink-why-we-make-bad-decisions-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Blink\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/\",\"name\":\"The Truth About Why We Make Bad Decisions - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/why-we-make-bad-decisions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/blink-why-we-make-bad-decisions-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-02T17:43:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-04T20:40:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"We don't always understand our desires, and this is why we make bad decisions. 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