{"id":82678,"date":"2022-11-08T21:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T01:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=82678"},"modified":"2022-11-10T14:05:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T18:05:32","slug":"parenting-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/parenting-research\/","title":{"rendered":"The 3 Parenting Research Challenges New Parents Face"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What parenting research should new parents<\/a> know about? What challenges do new parents encounter when seeking advice?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health economist Emily Oster offers parenting advice<\/a> in Cribsheet<\/em>\u2014her bestselling book about making data-based parenting<\/a> decisions. In Cribsheet<\/em>, she also explains how new parents face three difficult challenges when researching parenting advice for common concerns, like when to start potty training<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read on to find out the three parenting research challenges Oster identifies in her book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Challenges of Parenting Research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cribsheet<\/em> author Emily Oster, a mother of two and a professor at Brown University, specializes in health economics. Cribsheet<\/em> is the second book in her ParentData series, which also includes Expecting Better<\/em><\/a>. Both books focus on ways data can inform your parenting decisions<\/a>. Oster\u2019s parenting research in Cribsheet<\/em> is relevant for any parents of young children and soon-to-be parents seeking advice on making research-informed, less stressful parenting decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oster claims that decisions around parenting are often overwhelming because you must navigate moral judgments, contradictory advice, and confusing data. <\/strong>Parents especially encounter these challenges when seeking advice from people they know (such as doctors, family, and friends) as well as seeking advice from parenting research online or in books. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: The majority of parents turn to the Internet for information to guide their parenting decisions<\/a>, and research reveals that much of this information is unreliable. For instance, one study that examined online information on caring for preterm infants found that less than half of websites offered trustworthy advice<\/a>. Health experts who are concerned about the low quality of online parenting advice urge parents to avoid relying on search engine results and instead rely on these two types of online resources<\/a>: 1) virtual care visits with your child\u2019s doctor; and 2) websites run by physicians.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Problem: Parenting Decisions Are Overwhelming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Will breastfeeding your baby raise their IQ? When should you start potty training your toddler<\/a>? Parents of young children often ask questions like these, as they\u2019re eager to know the right way<\/em> to parent. However, Emily Oster argues in Cribsheet <\/em>that there isn\u2019t just one<\/em> right way to parent a young child. <\/strong>Every family has different goals and situations, so what\u2019s best for one family isn\u2019t always best for another. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this article, we\u2019ll further explore these three challenges parents encounter when consulting research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Challenge 1: Moral Judgments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

According to Oster, people tend to have strong opinions about which parenting choices make you a good<\/em> parent, and they harshly judge those who decide differently<\/strong>. Oster surmises that many people attach moral judgments to their opinions to convince themselves that the parenting decisions they<\/em> made in the past were correct. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: People\u2019s moral judgments about others\u2019 parenting decisions aren\u2019t always based on evidence of those decisions\u2019 actual<\/em> risks\u2014sometimes, they\u2019re just based on misguided assumptions. For instance, one study found that people harshly judge parents who leave their children unsupervised, even though child abductions are extremely rare<\/a>. Stories of child abductions receive a disproportionate amount of media coverage, giving people the impression that they\u2019re common. Therefore, people think parents who leave their children unsupervised are neglectful. This judgment can lead to the criminalization of single parents and poor parents, as they\u2019re more likely to leave their children unsupervised out of necessity.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Challenge 2: Contradictory Advice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

People\u2019s opinions on parenting aren\u2019t only judgmental: They\u2019re often contradictory, too. Oster claims that there\u2019s no consensus on the best way to parent because what\u2019s best for one family may not be best<\/a> for another. <\/strong>Because families have different finances, goals, and needs, they make decisions under different constraints. For example, some parents choose to share a bed with their babies because it improves everyone\u2019s sleep. Other parents find it hard to sleep with their baby in the bed, so they put them in a crib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: The \u201cideal\u201d parenting strategy may vary even more than Oster implies here, due to wide-ranging cultural norms. Research shows that different cultures and countries have different norms and practices around parenting<\/a>. For example, whereas most parents in the US don\u2019t allow their toddlers to walk the streets on their own, many parents in Japan send their toddlers by themselves on errands<\/a>. Some of these families believe this practice is an important way to develop toddlers\u2019 independence<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Challenge 3: Data Is Hard to Apply to Your Life<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

One way parents circumvent conflicting and judgmental advice on parenting is by examining research on parenting decisions. However, research on parenting choices is often hard to interpret and challenging to apply to your own life. <\/strong>Let\u2019s explore two reasons why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reason 1: It\u2019s Challenging to Assess Risks for High-Stakes Decisions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

First, Oster claims that it\u2019s hard to weigh the benefits and risks of <\/strong>high-stakes decisions<\/a><\/em><\/strong>: <\/strong>ones that include a risk of death or major injury. When data on a certain parenting decision reveal that an option poses a risk of death or serious injury, we tend to disregard the option\u2019s potential benefits\u2014even if those benefits are significant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, imagine a child is severely allergic to peanuts, and their parent is considering whether to allow the child to share a lunch table with classmates whose lunches may include peanuts. Peanut allergies are potentially fatal: One in every 200 episodes of severe allergic reactions to peanuts results in death<\/a>. Because peanut exposure has a risk of death, it\u2019s unlikely the parent will spend much time considering the potential benefits of allowing their child to eat with classmates (such as increased social connection).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: In Freakonomics<\/em><\/a>, Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner explain that this irrationality is rooted in fear: It\u2019s human nature to want to prevent horrifying events, even if those events are extremely unlikely. For this reason, parents also sometimes focus their efforts on the wrong high-stakes decisions<\/strong>.<\/a> They take extreme measures to protect their children from horrifying yet rare risks instead of protecting them from more common risks. For instance, parents are reluctant to send their children to have a playdate at a house where the parents keep a gun, yet they don\u2019t think twice about sending their children to have a playdate at a house with a pool\u2014even though the latter is statistically more likely to endanger your child<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reason 2: It\u2019s Rare for Research to Be Actionable<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Second, Oster argues that research on parenting decisions often fails to show <\/strong>causality: <\/em><\/strong>evidence that a certain choice causes<\/em> a certain outcome. Research that demonstrates causality is helpful because it\u2019s actionable<\/em>: It provides clear evidence that if you engage in a certain action, it\u2019s likely to have a certain outcome. Unfortunately, research projects that demonstrate causality are rare because they\u2019re harder to design and costly to run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Recent technological advances are providing researchers with new ways to produce reliable, actionable scientific evidence<\/a> when it\u2019s too costly to design research projects that show causality. Innovations in electronic health records systems have allowed researchers to study the results of extremely large data sets<\/a>. These data sets compile information from myriad sources, compensating for a lack of causality<\/em> with an abundance of evidence<\/em>. For instance, research using a large data set about diabetes provided ample evidence about the effectiveness of diabetes drugs\u2014evidence that\u2019s just as reliable, if not more so, than previous, smaller-scale studies that showed causality.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What parenting research should new parents know about? What challenges do new parents encounter when seeking advice? Health economist Emily Oster offers parenting advice in Cribsheet\u2014her bestselling book about making data-based parenting decisions. In Cribsheet, she also explains how new parents face three difficult challenges when researching parenting advice for common concerns, like when to start potty training. Read on to find out the three parenting research challenges Oster identifies in her book.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":82839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,13],"tags":[787],"class_list":["post-82678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-parenting","tag-cribsheet","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nThe 3 Parenting Research Challenges New Parents Face - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There's plenty of research for new parents, but which is right for you? 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