{"id":75856,"date":"2022-08-10T08:21:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T12:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=75856"},"modified":"2022-08-22T14:32:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T18:32:50","slug":"learned-optimism-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>How does Martin Seligman define learned optimism? What is an optimistic mindset? How can you learn to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-be-more-optimistic\/\">be more optimistic<\/a>? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychologist Martin Seligman coined the term &#8220;learned optimism&#8221; as a way of demonstrating that the traits of an optimistic person can be learned by anyone, even natural pessimists. In his book, <em>Learned Optimism<\/em>, Seligman explains the concept of learned optimism, including techniques for breaking out of a pessimistic mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read on to learn Seligman&#8217;s definition of learned optimism, plus how you can teach yourself optimism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-learned-optimism\">What Is Learned Optimism?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people suffer from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/seligman-learned-helplessness\/\">learned helplessness<\/a>: the belief that they don\u2019t have the power to make positive changes in their own lives or in the world around them. <strong>Martin Seligman defines learned optimism as a way of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/self-teaching\/\">teaching yourself<\/a> how to break out of a pessimistic, powerless mindset and replacing it with an empowered mindset of optimism and confidence.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seligman is a professional psychologist, teacher, and author. His theories of learned helplessness and learned optimism are based on his own laboratory studies. He began these studies in the 1960s and has continued tweaking and reexamining them to the present day.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seligman\u2019s theory of learned helplessness has become widespread, both in the field of psychology and among laypeople. However, <em>Learned Optimism <\/em>was published in 1990, and there have been significant advances in the field of psychology since then. Our commentary will explore those new developments as needed, provide a grounding in core concepts of psychology, and offer actionable advice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Learn Optimism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Martin Seligman&#8217;s definition of learned optimism, <strong>optimists tend to generalize and personalize <em>positive <\/em>events. <\/strong>When something good happens, they think it\u2019s because of their own abilities, or simply because good things always happen to them. Conversely, when something bad happens, they see it as a temporary setback due to external causes\u2014they\u2019ll say something like, \u201cThings didn\u2019t work out <em>this time<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: According to Dweck, the opposite of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/fixed-mindset-examples\/\">fixed mindset<\/a> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/mindset\/chapter-1#growth-mindset\">growth mindset<\/a>. In simple terms, someone with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/growth-mindset-characteristics\/\">growth mindset<\/a> believes that people <em>can <\/em>change; they can improve their skills and their attitudes in order to make positive changes in the world around them. A growth mindset goes hand-in-hand with optimism because someone with a growth mindset will see problems as temporary setbacks\u2014challenges to overcome\u2014instead of fixed and unchangeable truths about the world.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Examining Your Beliefs<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The definition of learned optimism includes <strong>cultivating a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-have-a-positive-mindset\/\">positive mindset<\/a><\/strong>. Seligman<strong> <\/strong>offers a couple of techniques, drawn from cognitive therapy, to help you become more optimistic by changing the way you explain negative events to yourself. <strong>The first technique is to examine your belief.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Start this process by asking yourself if what you believe is really true. What evidence is there for it and against it? After considering that evidence, does your belief seem rational? Also, ask what the implications of your belief are. In other words, if it were<em> <\/em>true, what would that mean for you? Conversely, what would it mean for you if you were wrong?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Once you\u2019ve considered whether your belief is true or not, and what that means for you, think about if your belief is <\/strong><strong><em>useful<\/em><\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>Does it empower you, energize you, or help you prepare for the future? If not, is it worth holding on to this belief? On that note, think about some different beliefs you could replace it with.<strong> <\/strong>How else might you interpret the event in question? <strong>Is there an explanation that doesn\u2019t depend on something being wrong with you?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: While useful for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-reframe-your-thoughts\/\">reframing your thoughts<\/a>, Seligman\u2019s process here doesn\u2019t suggest any course of action you can take based on your beliefs. To that end, in <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-4-hour-workweek\"><em>The 4-Hour Workweek<\/em><\/a>, entrepreneur and lifestyle guru Tim Ferriss suggests another useful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/questions-you-should-ask-yourself\/\">question to ask yourself<\/a> in stressful or worrisome situations: <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-4-hour-workweek\/chapter-3#fear-setting\">What will I do about it?<\/a><strong> <\/strong>In other words, if the belief that you\u2019re worrying about actually turns out to be true, how would you handle it? <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/plan-for-the-worst-hope-for-the-best\/\">Planning for the worst<\/a> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/tim_ferriss_why_you_should_define_your_fears_instead_of_your_goals?language=en\"><strong>can help you stay calm and confident<\/strong><\/a><strong>, as long as you don\u2019t keep dwelling on the worst once your plan is in place.<\/strong>)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Using an External Voice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Along with Seligman&#8217;s definition of learned optimism, he also explains the dangers of a negative internal voice. For that reason, the second technique is to <strong>give pessimistic beliefs an external voice. <\/strong>Find a friend who\u2019s willing to roleplay your negative beliefs. Have that person attack you the same way you attack yourself, and learn to defend yourself from that sort of aggression. You may find it easier to fight back against an external voice, and having to defend yourself out loud might help you to hear how fair and reasonable those defenses really sound.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Another way of coming to terms with that negative <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/listening-to-your-inner-voice\/\">voice in your head<\/a> is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.omaritani.com\/blog\/how-to-silence-your-inner-critic\">give it a silly name and a silly voice<\/a>. In short, turn your inner critic into a character you can\u2019t take seriously, and it will lose its power over you\u2014for example, it\u2019s hard to feel worried or upset when your inner critic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zloWEvRDhgI\">sounds like Skeletor<\/a>.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How does Martin Seligman define learned optimism? What is an optimistic mindset? How can you learn to be more optimistic? Psychologist Martin Seligman coined the term &#8220;learned optimism&#8221; as a way of demonstrating that the traits of an optimistic person can be learned by anyone, even natural pessimists. In his book, Learned Optimism, Seligman explains the concept of learned optimism, including techniques for breaking out of a pessimistic mindset. Read on to learn Seligman&#8217;s definition of learned optimism, plus how you can teach yourself optimism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":75876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,43],"tags":[719],"class_list":["post-75856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-self-improvement","tag-learned-optimism","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1848\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1238\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emily Kitazawa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emily Kitazawa\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb\"},\"headline\":\"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\"},\"wordCount\":876,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Learned Optimism\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Self-Improvement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\",\"name\":\"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00\",\"description\":\"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg\",\"width\":1848,\"height\":1238},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb\",\"name\":\"Emily Kitazawa\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f5c60fcdcf3b7cd02c2882334c15a3d02f74a69631c696c3bce47deb21dc9ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f5c60fcdcf3b7cd02c2882334c15a3d02f74a69631c696c3bce47deb21dc9ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Emily Kitazawa\"},\"description\":\"Emily found her love of reading and writing at a young age, learning to enjoy these activities thanks to being taught them by her mom\u2014Goodnight Moon will forever be a favorite. As a young adult, Emily graduated with her English degree, specializing in Creative Writing and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language), from the University of Central Florida. She later earned her master\u2019s degree in Higher Education from Pennsylvania State University. Emily loves reading fiction, especially modern Japanese, historical, crime, and philosophical fiction. Her personal writing is inspired by observations of people and nature.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/emily-kitazawa\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity - Shortform Books","description":"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity","og_description":"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1848,"height":1238,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Emily Kitazawa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Emily Kitazawa","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/"},"author":{"name":"Emily Kitazawa","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb"},"headline":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity","datePublished":"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/"},"wordCount":876,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","keywords":["Learned Optimism"],"articleSection":["Psychology","Self-Improvement"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/","name":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","datePublished":"2022-08-10T12:21:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-08-22T18:32:50+00:00","description":"What is the definition of learned optimism? Find out how psychologist Martin Seligman explains the process of learning optimism.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","width":1848,"height":1238},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/learned-optimism-definition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Defining Learned Optimism: Self-Taught Positivity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/e094024454c7d3334a149c0cf039bdeb","name":"Emily Kitazawa","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f5c60fcdcf3b7cd02c2882334c15a3d02f74a69631c696c3bce47deb21dc9ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f5c60fcdcf3b7cd02c2882334c15a3d02f74a69631c696c3bce47deb21dc9ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Emily Kitazawa"},"description":"Emily found her love of reading and writing at a young age, learning to enjoy these activities thanks to being taught them by her mom\u2014Goodnight Moon will forever be a favorite. As a young adult, Emily graduated with her English degree, specializing in Creative Writing and TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language), from the University of Central Florida. She later earned her master\u2019s degree in Higher Education from Pennsylvania State University. Emily loves reading fiction, especially modern Japanese, historical, crime, and philosophical fiction. Her personal writing is inspired by observations of people and nature.","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/emily-kitazawa\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/letters-spelling-be-positive.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75856"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75877,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75856\/revisions\/75877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}