{"id":74659,"date":"2022-07-29T14:17:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T18:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=74659"},"modified":"2022-08-05T15:47:38","modified_gmt":"2022-08-05T19:47:38","slug":"what-is-moral-virtue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-moral-virtue\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Moral Virtue? Virtuous Actions + Reasons"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is moral virtue? Is it simply being good, or is there more to it than that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his <em>Nicomachean Ethics<\/em>, Aristotle concludes that happiness comes from consistently making the right choices over the course of a lifetime (rational activity aligned with virtue). Not only must the actions be right, but the motives behind them must also be right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep reading to understand how, in Aristotle&#8217;s view, virtuous actions and virtuous reasons add up to moral virtue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-defining-moral-virtue\">Defining Moral Virtue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aristotle claims that <strong>people are morally virtuous when they habitually do virtuous actions for virtuous reasons. <\/strong><em>Both<\/em> of these components are essential to virtue. Here&#8217;s how Aristotle answers the question, &#8220;What is moral virtue?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-virtuous-actions\">Virtuous Actions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Moral virtue is the result of <em>habitual <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/virtuous-behavior\/\">virtuous action<\/a>. People aren\u2019t born naturally virtuous, so it&#8217;s something they have to learn\u2014and people learn through repeated action. It makes no sense to call someone virtuous if they don\u2019t consistently do virtuous things, just as it makes no sense to call someone a great chef just because they occasionally make toast. In addition, Aristotle argues that there aren\u2019t simple, universal rules someone can follow to be virtuous. Instead, a virtuous person must determine what is appropriate for each individual situation and then do it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, Frank is morally virtuous. Growing up, his parents taught him to help those who can\u2019t help themselves\u2014a tenet that Frank has always lived by. One day, Frank sees a child who\u2019s trapped at the bottom of a well. He immediately grabs a nearby rope and helps the child up, then gets the child home. Frank isn\u2019t morally virtuous just because he saved the child, though (a single virtuous act)\u2014he\u2019s morally virtuous because he <em>always<\/em> helps those in need (he habitually acts virtuously).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: A common criticism of Aristotle\u2019s moral philosophy (and other philosophies like it) is that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.klindeman.com\/uploads\/3\/8\/2\/2\/38221431\/hursthouse_-_normative_virtue_ethics.pdf\">it doesn\u2019t help people decide what to <em>do<\/em><\/a>. Instead, critics argue that Aristotle only explains what people should <em>be <\/em>(courageous, patient, and so on). In a real-life situation involving an ethical decision, this becomes a problem. While \u201cTreat others how you want to be treated\u201d can help you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/be-decisive\/\">make a decision<\/a>, \u201cBe virtuous\u201d will not. Defenders of Aristotle claim that there\u2019s not much of a difference between a rule that says what to <em>do<\/em> and a rule that says what to <em>be<\/em>\u2014for example, Aristotle saying, \u201c<em>Be<\/em> honest\u201d easily translates to, \u201c<em>Do<\/em> not lie.\u201d From this perspective, Aristotle does offer guidelines for action\u2014vague ones, maybe, but guidelines nonetheless.)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-virtuous-reasons\">Virtuous Reasons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For a person to be virtuous, <strong>they have to do virtuous actions for the right reasons.<\/strong> People learn to be virtuous through habit\u2014and they won\u2019t learn or create habits from accidentally or unintentionally doing virtuous things. Therefore, virtuous acts are intentional, voluntary, and done for virtue itself rather than some other benefit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, morally virtuous Frank helps an old woman cross the street because it\u2019s the right thing to do\u2014not because she\u2019ll give him money for it, or because it\u2019ll make him look good in front of his friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Some critics argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/open.library.okstate.edu\/introphilosophy\/chapter\/virtue-ethics\/\">Aristotle defines virtuous people with circular logic<\/a>. They point out two of his claims: 1) An action is virtuous if it\u2019s what a virtuous person would do, and 2) a person is virtuous when they act in virtuous ways. This tells us nothing about virtue: To understand virtuous actions, we need to understand a virtuous person. To understand a virtuous person, we need to understand virtuous actions. However, others argue that <a href=\"https:\/\/oxford.universitypressscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199228782.001.0001\/acprof-9780199228782\">this criticism misinterprets Aristotle<\/a>. They say he actually makes these two claims: 1) Virtuous people know how to do virtuous actions for virtuous reasons, and 2) a person is virtuous if they do virtuous actions for virtuous reasons. These claims don\u2019t rely on each other and therefore don\u2019t use circular logic.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is moral virtue? Is it simply being good, or is there more to it than that? In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle concludes that happiness comes from consistently making the right choices over the course of a lifetime (rational activity aligned with virtue). Not only must the actions be right, but the motives behind them must also be right. Keep reading to understand how, in Aristotle&#8217;s view, virtuous actions and virtuous reasons add up to moral virtue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":74662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,21],"tags":[707],"class_list":["post-74659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-philosophy","tag-nicomachean-ethics","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Moral Virtue? Virtuous Actions + Reasons - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is moral virtue? In Aristotle&#039;s view, virtuous actions and virtuous reasons add up to moral virtue. Discover what he meant.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-moral-virtue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is Moral Virtue? Virtuous Actions + Reasons\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is moral virtue? In Aristotle&#039;s view, virtuous actions and virtuous reasons add up to moral virtue. 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