{"id":72906,"date":"2022-08-05T18:50:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T22:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=72906"},"modified":"2022-08-08T14:17:02","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T18:17:02","slug":"the-right-to-self-defense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/the-right-to-self-defense\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Black People Are Denied the Right to Self-Defense"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Do Black Americans have the same right to self-defense as white Americans? What does America&#8217;s past have to do with the right to self-defense? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The right to self-defense is leniently granted to white people while often being withheld from Black people. These injustices can be attributed to the Black stereotypes that persist from slavery. Specifically, Black people are still perceived as uncivil and dangerous. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s why Black people are denied the right to self-defense. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-self-defense-laws-in-america\">Self-Defense Laws in America<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When a Black person commits a violent act against a white person in defense of their life, they\u2019re much more likely to be persecuted and denied their right to self-defense than if they were white. Similarly, white people have a much higher chance of being acquitted for a violent act against a Black person by claiming self-defense, whether or not the act was justified. The authors point to the case of Breonna Taylor to highlight this point, who was in bed when she was shot six times and killed by police officers during a raid on her Louisville, Kentucky home. The officers involved were acquitted because they were considered to be acting in self-defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Acquittal Rates of Blacks and Whites in Acts of Self-Defense<\/strong><br><br>Studies confirm the authors\u2019 point that whites are much more likely to be granted the right to self-defense compared to Black people. Experts explain that in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themarshallproject.org\/2017\/08\/14\/killings-of-black-men-by-whites-are-far-more-likely-to-be-ruled-justifiable\">17% of cases where a Black man was killed by a non-Hispanic white person, the killing was officially justified as self-defense<\/a>. However, in general killings of one person by another, regardless of race, only 2% were officially justified as self-defense. Overall, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/frontline\/article\/is-there-racial-bias-in-stand-your-ground-laws\/\">white-on-Black killings are roughly <em>230% more likely<\/em> to be deemed justifiable than white-on-white killings.<\/a> And researchers explain that whether or not the defender <em>truly believes<\/em> he\u2019s in danger is a major factor that leads these killings to be justified as self-defense\u2014even if the perceived danger is based on a racial stereotype.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/breonna-taylor-is-killed-by-police\">Breonna Taylor\u2019s case<\/a> highlights this point. Since the officers did not knock and announce before entering like they were ordered to, Taylor\u2019s boyfriend feared intruders and fired a single shot that wounded an officer&#8217;s leg. In response, the officers blindly fired 32 shots in the dark, striking Taylor six times. Despite Taylor\u2019s killers being armed and trained police officers, they were acquitted under \u201cself-defense.\u201d However, massive public outcry (like #SayHerName on social media) led officials to pass a law in Louisville that requires officers to announce themselves before entering a home. And Taylor\u2019s family was paid $12 million by the city for her wrongful death.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The authors claim that the reason for these injustices is what they call <em>white fear<\/em><\/strong>\u2014the white <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cultural-mindset\/\">cultural mindset<\/a> that Black people are inherently dangerous and uncivil. Because of white fear, Blacks were intensely monitored and harshly punished through \u201cslave codes.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\"><em>Biased<\/em><\/a>, Jennifer Eberhardt adds that <a href=\"https:\/\/shortform.com\/app\/book\/biased\/chapter-3#part-3-seeing-surrender-as-a-threat\">racial bias causes people to view Black people\u2019s movements as more threatening by default.<\/a> She elaborates that a pioneering study in 1976 found that when college students saw a white stranger shove a black stranger in a staged scenario, 17% classified the behavior as \u201cviolent,\u201d but when a Black stranger shoved a white stranger, 75% reported the behavior to be violent. The students, by default, classified the Black person&#8217;s actions as more violent than the same actions performed by a white person\u2014this is an example of what the authors refer to as <em>white fear<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cSlave codes\u201d were a set of rules that prevented Black people from gaining any power or equality<\/strong>. For example, these codes prevented Black people from testifying in court or carrying weapons but allowed enslavers to freely kill any of their slaves as they deemed necessary. <strong>When slavery was abolished, \u201cBlack Codes\u201d were enforced in the south to patrol and monitor Blacks, mirroring the laws of slave codes<\/strong>. Soon after came Jim Crow\u2014a set of laws that segregated Black people, enforced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/white-male-supremacy\/\">white supremacy<\/a>, and established Blacks as second-class citizens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Experts second that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ferris.edu\/HTMLS\/news\/jimcrow\/what.htm\">Jim Crow laws were specifically designed to maintain the effects of slave codes and Black Codes<\/a>\u2014to enforce white supremacy and \u201ckeep Black people in their place.\u201d For example, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/jim-crow-segregation-nasa\/\">Jim Crow<\/a>, a Black man couldn\u2019t reach out for a handshake to a white man because it implied equality. Punishment for this could be as severe as death; however, it was <em>extremely<\/em> uncommon for <em>whites<\/em> to be punished for murdering a Black person, as long as they could cite some way in which the Black person crossed the line of the social hierarchy\u2014in these situations, murder was considered \u201ccorrective justice.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So while Black Americans have been \u201cfree and equal\u201d on paper since Jim Crow was abolished in 1964, <strong>the white fear that developed these forms of oppression remains ingrained into American culture and the justice system today.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do Black Americans have the same right to self-defense as white Americans? What does America&#8217;s past have to do with the right to self-defense? The right to self-defense is leniently granted to white people while often being withheld from Black people. These injustices can be attributed to the Black stereotypes that persist from slavery. Specifically, Black people are still perceived as uncivil and dangerous. Here&#8217;s why Black people are denied the right to self-defense.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":16475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[275,24],"tags":[688],"class_list":["post-72906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-society","tag-the-1619-project","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why Black People Are Denied the Right to Self-Defense - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Whites are more likely to be granted the right to self-defense compared to Black people. 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