{"id":72535,"date":"2022-07-13T09:27:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-13T13:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=72535"},"modified":"2022-07-21T11:08:04","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T15:08:04","slug":"harassment-on-public-transportation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/harassment-on-public-transportation\/","title":{"rendered":"Harassment on Public Transportation: An Ongoing Issue"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why are women often harassed on public transportation? What is the solution to this problem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caroline Criado Perez believes that women don&#8217;t report sexual harassment on public transit because it ultimately won&#8217;t solve the problem. This is because men predominantly run public transit and are less likely to be harassed, so no system is in place to reduce harassment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue reading to learn why harassment on public transportation is an ongoing problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-the-gender-data-gap-affects-women-on-public-transportation\"><strong>How the Gender Data Gap Affects Women on Public Transportation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To illustrate how the gender data gap affects women\u2019s safety in daily life, Perez in<em> Invisible Women <\/em>points to a ubiquitous feature of many women\u2019s lives: public transit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As we\u2019ve seen, Perez argues that thanks to the gender data gap, many products work for the average <em>man<\/em> but not the average woman. The same is true of systems. Notably, many public transit systems don\u2019t adequately protect women: Several statistics indicate that these systems aren\u2019t equally safe for men and women because women are far more likely to experience sexual harassment on public transportation than men are. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But <em>why<\/em> don\u2019t public transit systems adequately protect women? Perez believes this is because of a gender data gap that reinforces the male-as-default mindset: <strong>Women who are sexually harassed on public transit don\u2019t report the crime.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perez asserts that women don\u2019t report harassment on public transit for two main reasons. First, women don\u2019t know <em>how<\/em> to report it: Few transit systems make clear what to do if someone harasses you while you\u2019re using their service. Second, women who <em>do<\/em> report often have poor experiences. She cites the case of one Indian woman whose bus driver kicked her off for disrupting other riders when she shouted at the man who groped her.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this way, Perez contends public transit systems\u2019 failures to provide adequate reporting procedures results in a gender data gap: Public transit agencies don\u2019t have data indicating that women are less safe on public transit than men are official statistics suggest that <em>men<\/em> are more likely to be victimized in public. Moreover, the people who run these agencies are usually men, so they believe these statistics: They\u2019ve likely never been harassed on public transit, so they don\u2019t have the life experience that suggests these statistics might be wrong. This lack of knowledge is also a manifestation of a gender data gap.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, because the men who run public transit systems can\u2019t <em>see<\/em> the need for measures that protect women from harassment, they don\u2019t implement them. In other words, they continue to believe that their transit system is safe for the average person (both male and female) because they never get data that indicates otherwise. In this way, the gender data gap ultimately <em>reinforces<\/em> the male-as-default mindset\u2014and with it, transit systems that harm women\u2019s safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-public-transit-responses-don-t-work-examining-japan-s-response\"><strong>Why Public Transit Responses Don\u2019t Work: Examining Japan\u2019s Response<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even when people accept that women aren\u2019t as safe on public transit as men are, the response of public transit agencies and the public still reflects several of the issues that Perez pinpoints. We can see how this manifests by examining a country that\u2019s been dealing with a specific sexual harassment issue on public transportation for decades: Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Japan, unlike many other countries, public transit agencies did have data that they had a harassment problem\u2014specifically <em>chikan<\/em>, or people who grope or take explicit photos of women on the train. In 2004, <a href=\"https:\/\/jobsinjapan.com\/living-in-japan-guide\/the-history-of-the-woman-only-train-carriages-in-japan\/\">police received over 2,000 complaints regarding <em>chikan<\/em><\/a> and recommended that the transit agencies take action. The agencies complied, and <a href=\"https:\/\/mainichi.jp\/english\/articles\/20200121\/p2a\/00m\/0dm\/013000c\">many train lines now have women-only cars<\/a>. Despite these changes, studies indicate that <a href=\"https:\/\/asiamedia.lmu.edu\/2019\/10\/15\/japan-riding-the-rails-of-sexual-harassment\/#:~:text=Women%20in%20crowded%20trains%20(and,10%25%20actually%20report%20these%20crimes.\">75% of Japanese women have encountered <em>chikan<\/em><\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why might this be? Chikan who don\u2019t get caught may continue assaulting women\u2014and the reality is that women still face the difficulties Perez points out when reporting assaults despite cultural acceptance of the <em>chikan<\/em> as a problem. The Japanese system makes it relatively clear how to report <em>chikan<\/em>; however, in a crowded environment, it\u2019s often difficult to pinpoint who has groped you and to keep track of him. One rail company did introduce an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/13105704\">app so that victims could report the assault by tapping a button<\/a> and have staff at the next station catch their assaulter\u2014but not until 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/japantoday.com\/category\/tech\/jr-east-launching-app-that-will-allow-for-real-time-tracking-of-train-services\">six years after it published its main app<\/a> that showed everything from train schedules to air conditioning information on train cars.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, as Perez suggests, Japanese women don\u2019t report <em>chikan<\/em> because when they do report, they have poor experiences: In fact, 90% of Japanese women who encounter <em>chikan<\/em> don\u2019t report their assault because they worry they won\u2019t be believed. And while you won\u2019t get kicked off a train for reporting <em>chikan<\/em> in Japan, these poor experiences can be extreme in other ways. In 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/japantoday.com\/category\/crime\/the-desperate-lengths-that-chikan-perverts-will-go-to\">two men accused of assault tried to escape onto the train tracks and died as a result<\/a>. In response to these deaths, one insurance company introduced a policy against \u201cfalse groping accusations for men\u201d\u2014suggesting a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/cultural-mindset\/\">cultural mindset<\/a> that argued that these men\u2019s deaths were the fault of their sexual assault victims.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s also possible that Japanese women continue to encounter <em>chikan<\/em> despite the transit agencies\u2019 efforts because these efforts are inadequate. Many women don\u2019t use women-only train cars because they\u2019re usually at the far ends of the train and are thus hard to get to. Moreover, these cars are only reserved for women during rush hour\u2014and even then, men are not expressly forbidden from boarding them: They\u2019re just asked not to board them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the men who run transit agencies admit there\u2019s a harassment problem because they\u2019ve implemented women-only cars, men who ride the cars are less receptive. Many contend that having women-only cars is a form of discrimination against them and ride them anyway, leading <a href=\"https:\/\/mainichi.jp\/english\/articles\/20180425\/p2a\/00m\/0na\/012000c\">several Japanese women to request a change in policy that allowed train staff to remove men from women-only cars<\/a>. Moreover, these men have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-train-idUSTRE55G4VP20090617\">asked for male-only cars to protect them against false accusations of groping<\/a>, although transit companies have yet to oblige.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why are women often harassed on public transportation? What is the solution to this problem? Caroline Criado Perez believes that women don&#8217;t report sexual harassment on public transit because it ultimately won&#8217;t solve the problem. This is because men predominantly run public transit and are less likely to be harassed, so no system is in place to reduce harassment. Continue reading to learn why harassment on public transportation is an ongoing problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":72772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,24],"tags":[687],"class_list":["post-72535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics","category-society","tag-invisible-women","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Harassment on Public Transportation: An Ongoing Issue - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Harassment on public transportation is a problem that many women face every day, but little has been done to stop it. 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