{"id":70073,"date":"2022-06-28T19:57:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-28T23:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=70073"},"modified":"2022-07-01T14:05:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T18:05:07","slug":"income-inequality-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Can income inequality be solved? What can be done to bridge the global divide between the rich and the poor? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. A small minority of the world’s population has amassed vast fortunes, while billions of people remain mired in extreme poverty. But hope remains. In her book Doughnut Economics<\/em>, Kate Raworth proposes four income inequality solutions that can reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let’s take a look at Raworth’s solutions for income inequality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The Distributive Economy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

She argues that inequality is directly linked to social ills\u2014like crime, drug abuse, lack of educational attainment, and low life expectancy\u2014and undermines democratic institutions and social cohesion<\/a>. Moreover, inequality fuels a feedback loop that leads to more <\/em>inequality, as the wealthy can use their outsized political power to lobby for economic policies that make them even richer\u2014all while fueling wasteful conspicuous consumption<\/a> that harms our environment and depletes natural resources. Meanwhile, the ability of a few large players to shift the flows of capital throughout the global economy<\/a> makes the entire system fragile, unstable, and vulnerable to shocks and bubbles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inequality Hurts Economic Growth<\/strong>

Some economic research suggests that, in addition to contributing to social dysfunction and destabilizing the global flow of capital, inequality also acts as a drag on economic growth<\/a>. According to one finding, income inequality, largely driven by the failure of workers\u2019 pay to keep pace with the overall rise in productivity, reduces growth because it shifts spending power away from poorer households toward wealthier ones\u2014and the latter are significantly more likely to save rather than spend. This has the effect of reducing the economy\u2019s aggregate demand. Indeed, this paper estimates that inequality has reduced GDP by 2-4% in recent years below what it otherwise would have been.

To address the problem of inequality-fueled stagnant growth, the authors call for an aggressive, deficit-financed fiscal policy of direct cash transfers; more generous social spending; and greater collective bargaining power for workers through trade unions.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In her book Doughnut Economics<\/em>, Kate Raworth proposes some concrete income inequality solutions: 1) redistributing land resources, 2) getting the money supply out of the hands of governments and central banks, 3) giving workers greater control over the economy\u2019s production and distribution decisions, and 4) rewarding companies for investing in people rather than robots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Redistributing Land Ownership<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To make the economy properly distributive, says Raworth, we need to change who owns property<\/em>, which is itself wealth-generating. She proposes redistribution of land ownership, giving people an asset they can improve or use as collateral<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

She argues that this is fair, because land is often only valuable because of the natural endowments on or near it (which are our collective natural inheritance) or the social improvements made in its vicinity (like roads, schools, and industry), which are paid for by the shared investment and labor of the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Some economists take a dimmer view of redistribution than Raworth. In Capitalism and Freedom<\/em><\/a>, Milton Friedman<\/a> writes that forced economic redistribution is inherently unjust<\/a>. He argues that one of the cornerstones of a society based upon voluntary exchange is the right to keep your private property. According to Friedman, there is no moral justification for a majority to compel a minority to hand over its property, whether it\u2019s a gang of armed robbers telling you to hand over the cash in your wallet or a majority of voters passing legislation to legally confiscate wealth from the so-called \u201c1%.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Democratizing Money<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Besides expanding property ownership, Raworth argues that a truly distributive economy<\/a> needs to democratize the money supply<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

She writes that in a capitalist economy, banks create money by lending it out and earning it back with interest, then lending out more, thereby increasing the money supply. Unfortunately, she argues, entrusting banks to do this comes with some problems\u2014private banks will often use this money-creating power to purchase or invest in assets that already exist, driving up their prices and enriching those who already own them (in many cases, the banks themselves). This drains productive resources away from society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But this is not the way it has to be. Raworth champions government-backed financial institutions that could take the role of private banks, with a social commitment to invest in low-interest loans for enterprises that benefit society: roads, infrastructure, education, skills training, and the environment. The government could also require banks to hold larger reserves of capital, which would stabilize the financial system and reduce the incentive<\/a> for banks to ignite giant credit-fueled bubbles that melt down the financial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: These sorts of banking reforms championed by Raworth are actually quite similar to steps the Obama administration took to stabilize the banking system in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. In A Promised Land<\/em><\/a>, Obama discusses his team\u2019s plan to conduct a stress test of the major banks\u2014essentially, a thorough financial audit of the banks\u2019 assets and liabilities<\/a>, conducted by the Federal Reserve. Under the terms of the stress test, banks were required to hold larger stocks of capital in reserve<\/a>. They could only receive further bailouts if the stress test found that they could not remain solvent without such an infusion of cash.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She argues that central banks could also take the even more <\/em>radical step of issuing new money directly to every household during a recession, creating a people\u2019s monetary policy. Moreover, blockchain technologies like Ethereum and Bitcoin can also democratize and decentralize currency through their system of peer-to-peer exchange on a public ledger that removes intermediaries like banks and other financial institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Reimagining Labor Markets<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The next step Raworth suggests for creating a distributive economy is transitioning to a system of employee-owned firms<\/a>, giving workers an equity stake in the firms to which they supply their valuable labor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She notes that workers have seen their share of national wealth and their bargaining power decline precipitously since the dawn of the neoliberal era in the 1970s and 1980s. This has happened to varying degrees all over the world, even in highly unionized economies like Germany and the Scandinavian countries. Most firms see their sole purpose as maximizing<\/a> shareholder value, with labor merely a cost\u2014one to be minimized as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Shortform note: Perhaps the most well-known articulation of this theory came from economist Milton Friedman. In his famous 1970 article for the New York Times Magazine<\/em>, \u201cThe Social Responsibility Of Business Is to Increase Its Profits<\/a>,\u201d Friedman championed the shareholder value maximization model. This model held that the most important measure of a company’s success was the financial returns to its shareholders. He saw any acts of \u201ccorporate social responsibility\u201d as a misuse and expropriation of shareholders\u2019 money on the part of well-intentioned but ultimately misguided corporate officers.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, Raworth writes, shareholder equity only exists because of the labor that adds value to the firm\u2019s products and services<\/strong>. To deny workers that same equity stake is to deprive them of what is rightfully theirs. She proposes rewriting corporate charters to implement new and alternative forms of labor organization, such as cooperatives and employee-owned enterprises that will give workers a greater share of national income and reorient the mission of private enterprise itself\u2014from being profit-driven to people-driven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Adapting to Automation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Finally, Raworth writes that building a people-centered economy requires addressing the challenges of automation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economy\u2019s productivity is no longer linked to employment\u2014firms can produce more output with fewer workers, largely thanks to automation. Raworth notes that the trend is no longer confined to blue-collar manufacturing jobs. Even white-collar professional \u201cknowledge economy\u201d work is increasingly being cannibalized by software and AI. This presents a major social problem as an ever-growing share of the population may find itself without any useful labor to sell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raworth proposes using the tax code to shift the incentives for businesses. Right now, businesses have to pay payroll taxes for human workers, but can write off investments in robots and other automation technology as a business expense\u2014the government is, in effect, subsidizing automation. Raworth recommends taxing automation and rewarding firms for investing in humans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also champions giving citizens a stake in the private gains accrued by technology companies\u2014gains that are often only possible because of the initial public investment in the underlying technologies. Raworth writes that this could take the form of public redistributed royalties from companies that benefited from taxpayer investments or from their use of public assets.(Shortform note: Although Raworth proposes giving the public a stake in technology companies because of historical government<\/a> investments in technology, she doesn\u2019t acknowledge just how far-reaching the implications of this could be. Using her logic, any <\/em>company that harnesses the technology of the internet\u2014which, today, is all <\/em>companies\u2014would have to cede an equity stake to the government. This is because the technology that created the internet itself traces its earliest roots to US government research in the 1960s<\/a>, when Pentagon analysts created ARPANET\u2014the protocol that formed the base of today\u2019s internet.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Can income inequality be solved? What can be done to bridge the global divide between the rich and the poor? Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. A small minority of the world’s population has amassed vast fortunes, while billions of people remain mired in extreme poverty. But hope remains. In her book Doughnut Economics, Kate Raworth proposes four income inequality solutions that can reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. Let’s take a look at Raworth’s solutions for income inequality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":32759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,31,24],"tags":[656],"class_list":["post-70073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics","category-money","category-society","tag-doughnut-economics","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"\nIncome Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\"},\"wordCount\":1523,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Doughnut Economics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economics\",\"Money\",\"Society\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\",\"name\":\"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"How to End Poverty Around the World\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World's Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\",\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"caption\":\"Darya Sinusoid\"},\"description\":\"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions - Shortform Books","description":"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions","og_description":"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Darya Sinusoid","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Darya Sinusoid","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/"},"author":{"name":"Darya Sinusoid","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46"},"headline":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions","datePublished":"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/"},"wordCount":1523,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","keywords":["Doughnut Economics"],"articleSection":["Economics","Money","Society"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/","name":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","datePublished":"2022-06-28T23:57:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-01T18:05:07+00:00","description":"Income inequality is a global problem\u2014it plagues all countries to some extent. Here are four potential solutions to economic inequality.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"caption":"How to End Poverty Around the World"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/income-inequality-solutions\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Income Inequality: The 4 Potential Solutions"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World's Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46","name":"Darya Sinusoid","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","caption":"Darya Sinusoid"},"description":"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/privilege-poverty-homeless-ineaquality.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70073"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70562,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70073\/revisions\/70562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}