{"id":69662,"date":"2022-06-19T10:48:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-19T14:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=69662"},"modified":"2022-06-29T09:04:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T13:04:49","slug":"evolution-and-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is the connection between evolution and behavior? What are some examples of human behaviors that have survival value? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our brains work the way they do because of evolution: Ancestors who behaved in certain ways were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the genes that caused them to behave in those ways. So now, many generations later, those genes still survive in us and influence our behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kin-selection-protecting-your-family\">Kin Selection: Protecting Your Family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/kin-selection\/\">Kin selection<\/a> <\/em>is a term in evolutionary biology that means potentially sacrificing your own welfare or reproductive success in favor of your relatives\u2019\u2014for example, risking your life by fighting off a home intruder to protect your family. It evolved because, by definition, your relatives share many of your genes, so keeping them alive helps pass those genes on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sapolsky says that kin selection explains a great number of human behaviors, but that we can also find countless examples of people going against what kin selection should dictate. For instance, we can read news articles about people killing family members, or millionaires donating incredible amounts of money to strangers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sapolsky\u2019s theory is that humans <\/strong><strong><em>do <\/em><\/strong><strong>follow kin selection, but the way we decide who our \u201ckin\u201d are isn\u2019t entirely rational.<\/strong> On the one hand, we can look at total strangers and find similarities to ourselves. On the other hand, we can reject even our closest family members if they, for instance, behave in ways we find unacceptable.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, we can be manipulated into feeling more or less related to others. Propaganda can paint groups of people as dangerous and monstrous\u2014barely even human, let alone kin. And, conversely, campaigns emphasizing people\u2019s humanity and similarities to us have been crucial in everything from promoting LGBTQ+ rights to raising funds for cancer research.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reciprocal Altruism: Helping Each Other<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A related phenomenon (no pun intended) is <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/reciprocal-altruism\/\">reciprocal altruism<\/a><\/em>\u2014the theory that it\u2019s often advantageous for unrelated individuals to work together. To give a common example, grooming behavior is common among animals that live in groups\u2014any member of the group will groom any other member, because making sure nobody\u2019s carrying fleas or ticks benefits the whole group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sapolsky says that human society was founded on reciprocal altruism. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/hunter-gatherer-societies\/\">Hunter-gatherer societies<\/a>, the earliest known type of human civilization, relied heavily on nonrelatives working together to keep everyone safe and fed. Therefore, reciprocal altruism is in our genes at least as strongly as kin selection is.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Empathy and Compassion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Finally, empathy (echoing another person\u2019s feelings) and compassion (acting to improve another person\u2019s situation) have their place in our behaviors.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the surface, empathy and compassion don\u2019t seem to follow the same kind of evolutionary logic as kin selection or reciprocal altruism\u2014we don\u2019t seem to benefit from sharing another\u2019s pain, or from acting to alleviate it. However, Sapolsky says that compassionate acts can (and usually do) have selfish aspects to them: A boost to our reputation, a sense of pride in our actions, or just the pleasant rush of dopamine that comes from doing a good deed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s still not totally clear how empathy and compassion evolved, but it seems obvious that helping others is somehow advantageous. One theory Sapolsky favors is that empathy and compassion go hand-in-hand with our evolving brains and cultures: <strong>As we get better at reasoning and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-is-rational-thought\/\">rational thought<\/a>, we realize more and more that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/helping-those-in-need\/\">helping strangers<\/a> benefits all of us.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: As a partial counterpoint to Sapolsky, <a href=\"https:\/\/online.uwa.edu\/news\/empathy-in-animals\">many animals show signs of empathy and compassion<\/a> toward one another. It\u2019s likely that our evolving brains made us better able to rationalize those feelings, and perhaps to foster them where they wouldn\u2019t otherwise exist, but it\u2019s misleading to say that only species with highly developed brains display empathy.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-selfish-gene\"><em>The Selfish Gene<\/em><\/a>, Richard Dawkins makes the case that the link between evolution and behavior is growing weaker because human behaviors are becoming less genetically driven as we continue to evolve<strong>.<\/strong> In particular, he believes that our advanced brains\u2014our consciousness\u2014give us the ability to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/app\/book\/the-selfish-gene\/chapter-4#the-development-of-consciousness\">go against our genetically programmed instructions<\/a>. For example, our genes should compel us to have as many children as we can feasibly raise, but many people choose not to reproduce at all. However, even Dawkins doesn\u2019t think we\u2019ll ever be totally free of genetic imperatives; if nothing else, we\u2019ll always be driven to keep ourselves alive.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the connection between evolution and behavior? What are some examples of human behaviors that have survival value? Our brains work the way they do because of evolution: Ancestors who behaved in certain ways were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the genes that caused them to behave in those ways. So now, many generations later, those genes still survive in us and influence our behavior. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":32925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,9,160],"tags":[652],"class_list":["post-69662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-psychology","category-science","tag-behave","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1107\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"737\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\"},\"wordCount\":770,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Behave\"],\"articleSection\":[\"History\",\"Psychology\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\",\"name\":\"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg\",\"width\":1107,\"height\":737},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\",\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"caption\":\"Darya Sinusoid\"},\"description\":\"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior - Shortform Books","description":"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior","og_description":"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1107,"height":737,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Darya Sinusoid","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Darya Sinusoid","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/"},"author":{"name":"Darya Sinusoid","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46"},"headline":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior","datePublished":"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/"},"wordCount":770,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","keywords":["Behave"],"articleSection":["History","Psychology","Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/","name":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","datePublished":"2022-06-19T14:48:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-29T13:04:49+00:00","description":"Our brains work the way they do because of evolution. Let\u2019s examine the key categories of human behavior that are the product of evolution.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","width":1107,"height":737},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/evolution-and-behavior\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Robert Sapolsky: Evolution and Behavior"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46","name":"Darya Sinusoid","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","caption":"Darya Sinusoid"},"description":"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/evolution-of-man.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69662"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70188,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69662\/revisions\/70188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}