{"id":69661,"date":"2022-06-24T14:20:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T18:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?p=69661"},"modified":"2022-06-29T09:04:32","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T13:04:32","slug":"brain-neurotransmitters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/","title":{"rendered":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>What is a neurotransmitter? What are the key neurotransmitters that shape our behavior and moods? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain that pass on signals between the brain&#8217;s cells\u2014neurons. Neurotransmitters play a key role in how you feel and act moment to moment. There are dozens of neurotransmitters at work in the human brain, but the most noteworthy ones are dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and testosterone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the major brain neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dopamine-and-serotonin-motivation-molecules\">Dopamine and Serotonin: Motivation Molecules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that promotes goal-oriented actions; think of it as the \u201cmotivation hormone.\u201d<\/strong> Interestingly, Sapolsky says that dopamine is more about the <em>anticipation <\/em>of a reward than about enjoying the reward itself\u2014in other words, we get dopamine boosts when we work toward a goal, not just when we achieve it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Serotonin is another brain neurotransmitter associated with happiness and motivation. Sapolsky says that serotonin works in conjunction with dopamine to enhance its effects, particularly when it comes to long-term goals. Low serotonin is linked with impulsiveness, aggression, and antisocial behavior\u2014though, strangely, <em>high <\/em>serotonin levels have been found to have the same effects. As with everything about human behavior, Sapolsky says that <strong>serotonin\u2019s exact effects depend on numerous other variables, and even the scientists running the studies can\u2019t always say what those variables are.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: Deficiencies in dopamine and serotonin are believed to cause various mental health disorders. For example, some researchers believe that a lack of dopamine causes\u2014or at least contributes to\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/adhd\/adhd-dopamine#connection\">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)<\/a>. The dopamine deficiency causes people with ADHD to quickly lose <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/how-to-focus-on-your-goals-and-avoid-distractions\/\">focus on goals<\/a>, and they have difficulty with emotional regulation. Similarly, many doctors believe that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/mental-health\/serotonin#mental-health\">a serotonin deficiency contributes to depression<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-oxytocin-the-love-drug\">Oxytocin: The \u201cLove Drug\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxytocin (and the closely related hormone vasopressin) reduces aggression, increases <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/foundation-of-trust\/\">empathy and trust<\/a>, and promotes bonding behaviors like physical touch or eye contact. In short, oxytocin and vasopressin cause us to act in a more <em>prosocial <\/em>way\u2014that is, in ways that are supportive and helpful to others. Furthermore, experiencing prosocial behavior causes us to produce more oxytocin, creating a positive feedback loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Sapolsky warns that the apparently-positive effects of these hormones greatly depend on context: <strong>While oxytocin and vasopressin make us more helpful to people in our in-group, they actually make us more aggressive and suspicious toward those who aren\u2019t.<\/strong> In other words, they strengthen the bonds we already have, but also make us more insular and hostile toward outsiders.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: In addition to making us more aggressive toward \u201coutsiders,\u201d oxytocin can also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00349\/full\">make us more forgetful<\/a>. However, oxytocin\u2019s effects on memory\u2014like so many things Sapolsky discusses\u2014seem to be context-dependent. Briefly, the researchers found that people who are more comfortable relying on others scored worse on a memory test after taking oxytocin, while more independent people actually scored <em>better<\/em> after taking it. The researchers concluded that more study was needed to determine exactly how oxytocin affects memory, and how it interacts with people\u2019s tendencies toward <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/maturity-continuum-7-habits\/\">independence<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-testosterone-impulsiveness-and-confidence\">Testosterone: Impulsiveness and Confidence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Testosterone increases self-assurance and optimism while decreasing anxiety. It also suppresses part of the neocortex while boosting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/what-does-the-limbic-system-do\/\">limbic system<\/a> activity\u2014in short, it makes you more impulsive and less rational.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sapolsky says that many people think testosterone causes aggression. However, while there is a correlation between testosterone and aggression, it\u2019s not as strong nor as direct as previously thought. In fact, if anything, it appears to be the other way around: <strong>Aggressive behavior leads to testosterone production, rather than high testosterone levels leading to aggressive behavior.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Shortform note: As people age\u2014especially men\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/sexual-health\/in-depth\/testosterone-therapy\/art-20045728\">reduced testosterone levels<\/a> can cause physical and emotional changes. Most notably, people may experience decreased bone and muscle strength, as well as a loss of motivation and a generally depressed mood. Doctors have found that testosterone therapy can reverse some of these effects in aging men. Some men have reported feeling younger and stronger after taking testosterone supplements, but there\u2019s little scientific evidence supporting it as a treatment for those with normal testosterone levels for their age.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a neurotransmitter? What are the key neurotransmitters that shape our behavior and moods? Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain that pass on signals between the brain&#8217;s cells\u2014neurons. Neurotransmitters play a key role in how you feel and act moment to moment. There are dozens of neurotransmitters at work in the human brain, but the most noteworthy ones are dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and testosterone. Let&#8217;s take a look at the major brain neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":22993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,160],"tags":[652],"class_list":["post-69661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","category-science","tag-behave","","tg-column-two"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain - Shortform Books<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let&#039;s take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let&#039;s take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Shortform Books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1220\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Darya Sinusoid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\"},\"headline\":\"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\"},\"wordCount\":700,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Behave\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Psychology\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\",\"name\":\"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain - Shortform Books\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let's take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg\",\"width\":1220,\"height\":650},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"description\":\"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Shortform Books\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":74,\"caption\":\"Shortform Books\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46\",\"name\":\"Darya Sinusoid\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png\",\"caption\":\"Darya Sinusoid\"},\"description\":\"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain - Shortform Books","description":"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let's take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain","og_description":"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let's take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/","og_site_name":"Shortform Books","article_published_time":"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1220,"height":650,"url":"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/wordpress.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Darya Sinusoid","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Darya Sinusoid","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/"},"author":{"name":"Darya Sinusoid","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46"},"headline":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain","datePublished":"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/"},"wordCount":700,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","keywords":["Behave"],"articleSection":["Psychology","Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/","name":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain - Shortform Books","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","datePublished":"2022-06-24T18:20:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-29T13:04:32+00:00","description":"Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Let's take a look at the major neurotransmitters and how they drive behavior.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","width":1220,"height":650},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/brain-neurotransmitters\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hormones and Neurotransmitters in the Brain"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","name":"Shortform Books","description":"The World&#039;s Best Book Summaries","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Shortform Books","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/logo-equilateral-with-text-no-bg.png","width":500,"height":74,"caption":"Shortform Books"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/0421cce75bc249b11e2517b3a91f9c46","name":"Darya Sinusoid","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-1.png","caption":"Darya Sinusoid"},"description":"Darya\u2019s love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain\/mind\/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram.","url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/author\/darya\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/brain-intelligence-mind-neuroscience.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69661"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70204,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69661\/revisions\/70204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.shortform.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}